UNIT-UNIT PEMBANGKIT
TERMAL
Economic Dispatch :
Adalah pembagian pembebanan pada pembangkit
pembangkit yang ada dalam sistem secara optimal
ekonomis, pada harga beban sistem tertentu.
Besar beban pada suatu sistem tenaga selalu berubah setiap
periode waktu tertentu, untuk mensuplai beban secara ekonomis
maka perhitungan economic dispatch dilakukan pada setiap
besar beban tersebut.
PENDAHULUAN
Menjelaskan teknik optimasi dari power
sistem.
Menjelaskan Lagrange Multiplier untuk
menyelesaikan optimasi.
Sistem terdiri dari N pembangkit termal
yang terhubung pada single bus bar untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan beban (Pload )
F1
P1
F2
P2
Pload
FN
PN
Problem Formulation :
The objective function, FT ,, is equally to the total cost
for supplying the indicated load.
The problem is to minimize FT subject to the constraint
that the sum of the powers generated must equal the
received load.
Transmission losses are neglected
FT F1 F2 F3 ........... FN
N
F (P )
i
i 1
0 Pload
i 1
LAGRANGE function :
FT
L dFi ( Pi )
0
Pi
dPi
dFi
0
dPi
, atau
dFi
dPi
N equations
Pi , min Pi Pi , max
2N inequalities
P P
i
i 1
load
1 constraint
dFi
dPi
for
dFi
dPi
for
dFi
dPi
for
Pi , min Pi Pi , max
Pi Pi ,max
Pi Pi , min
EXAMPLE 3A :
No.
Unit
Unit 1
Input-Output Curve
System
Input
OutputMax
(MW)
OutpuMin
(MW)
Fuel Cost
(R/Mbtu)
MBtu
Coal-Fired
H
.0 7.2 P1 0.00142 P12
2 510
1
MBtu
Steam
MBtu
MBtu
2 2
H1
.00.0
P
P0.h
00142
510
78
77..2797
0
310
. 85
.000482
.00194
P1 P P
1P
600
150
1.1
MBtu
2
310.0 7.85 P2 0.00194 P2
h
400
100
1.0
MBtu
2
78.0 7.97 P3 0.00482 P3
h
200
50
1.0
32
3 2
hhh
Unit 2
Oil-Fired
Steam
H2
Unit 3
Oil-Fired
Steam
H3
3 2
dF1
7.92 0.003124 P1
dP1
dF2
7.85 0.00388 P2
dP2
= 9.148 R/MWh
dF3
7.97 0.00964 P3
dP3
P1 = 393.2 MW
P2 = 334.6 MW
P3 = 122.2 MW
P1 + P2 + P3 = 850 MW
Optimal Economic
Solution
EXAMPLE 3B :
No.
Unit
System
Input
Input-Output Curve
OutputMax
(MW)
InputMin
(MW)
Fuel Cost
(R/Mbtu)
Unit 1
Coal-Fired
Steam
MBtu
2
H1
510.0 7.2 P1 0.00142 P1
h
600
150
0.9
Unit 2
Oil-Fired
Steam
H2
MBtu
2
310.0 7.85 P2 0.00194 P2
h
400
100
1.0
Unit 3
Oil-Fired
Steam
H3
MBtu
2
78.0 7.97 P3 0.00482 P3
h
200
50
1.0
dF1
6.48 0.00256 P1
dP1
dF2
7.85 0.00388 P2
dP2
= 8.284 R/MWh
dF3
7.97 0.00964 P3
dP3
P1 = 704.6 MW
P2 = 111.8 MW
P3 = 32.6 MW
P1 + P2 + P3 = 850 MW
P1 > 600 MW (max)
P3 < 50 MW (min)
dF 2
dP2
dF 1
dP1
dF 3
dP3
8.626 R / MWh
P2 200
8.016 R / MWh
P2 600
8.452 R / MWh
P3 50
dF 2
7.85 0.00388P2
dP2
= 8.576 R/MWh
dF3
7.97 0.00964 P3
dP3
P2 = 187.1 MW
P2 + P3 = 850 P3 = 250 MW
dF1
dP1
8.016 R / MWh
P1 600 MW
P3 = 62.9 MW
<
dF3
dF2
dan
dP2
dP3
START
Economic Dispatch by
Lambda Iteration method
SET
CALCULATE Pi
FOR i = 1 .. N
CALCULATE
Pload
i 1
FIRST ITERATION?
YES
NO
TOLERANCE?
NO
YES
PRINT SCHEDULE
PROJECT
END
dF1
dP1
(R/MWh)
dF 3
dP3
(R/MWh)
(R/MWh)
P1(MW)
P2(MW)
+ +
+
PL = P 1 + P 2 + P 3
P3(MW)
(1)
Error :
( Pi)-PR
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
Lambda Projections
(1)
Tugas :
1. Pelajari Bab 3 (sesuai hand out)
2. Pelajari software POWERGEN
N THERMAL UNITS
SERVING LOAD
THROUGH
TRANSMISSION NETWORK
NETWORK LOSSES CONSIDERED