Haba

What is Heat?
Suatu bentuk tenaga - kerana
ia boleh menggerakkan benda
- E.g: Makes a hot air
balloon rise.
- Steam engines

Diukur dalam unit

JOULES (J)
 Haba

Haba adalah bentuk tenaga yang boleh

mengalir dari kawasan panas ke
kawasan sejuk
 Haba boleh bertukar bentuk
Proses fotosintesis ( Tumbuhan membuat
makanan)
Tenaga cahaya & haba Tenaga kimia

Stesen Jana kuasa (Pembakaran minyak

dan gas)
Tenaga haba Tenaga kinetik
Tenaga elektrik
 Bagaimana haba dihasilkan?
Pergerakan zarah-zarah menghasilkan
haba.
Haba dapat dihasilkan melalui geseran,
pembakaran bahan api, tenaga elektrik
dan sebagainya.
Haba menyebabkan pengembangan dan
pengecutan pepejal, cecair dan gas.
 Haba Vs Suhu
The temperature of an object tells us how
HOT it is
Ukuran darjah kepanasan atau
kesejukkan suatu objek.

Measured in degrees Celsius - C

 Haba Vs Suhu
It is NOT the same as heat energy
although the two quantities are related.

e.g. a beaker of water at 60 C is hotter

than a bath of water at 40 C BUT the
bath contains more joules of heat energy
 Pengaliran haba
Mengalir dari kawasan yang panas ke
kawasan yang sejuk.
Objek panas dalam bilik akan menjadi
sejuk ke takat suhu bilik.
e.g: air kopi
Objek sejuk dalam bilik akan dipanaskan
ke takat suhu bilik.
e.g: butter, ice
What do you think?
 Pengaliran haba
3 cara
Konduksi/ Conduction
Perolakan/ Convection
Sinaran/ Radiation
 Konduksi/ Conduction
Pengaliran haba dari kawasan panas ke
kawasan sejuk pada suatu pepejal.
Zarah-zarah pada satu hujung rod pepejal
yang dipanaskan memperolehi tenaga
haba dan bergetar dengan lebih cepat dan
berlanggar dengan zarah-zarah
bersebelahan.
Tenaga haba dipindahkan kepada zarah-
zarah bersebelahan secara berterusan dan
akhirnya ke seluruh rod logam.
 Konduksi/ Conduction
When you heat a metal strip at one end, the heat travels
to the other end.

As you heat the metal, the particles vibrate, these

vibrations make the adjacent particles vibrate, and so on
and so on, the vibrations are passed along the metal and
so is the heat. We call this? Conduction
 Why does metal feel colder than wood, if they
are both at the same temperature?

Metal is a conductor, wood is an insulator. Metal

conducts the heat away from your hands. Wood
does not conduct the heat away from your hands as
well as the metal, so the wood feels warmer than
the metal.
 Perolakan/ Convection
What happens to the particles in a liquid or a
gas when you heat them?
The particles spread out and
become less dense.

A liquid or gas.
 Perolakan/ Convection
Proses pengaliran haba melalui bendalir
(cecair dan gas) akibat gerakan bendalir
dari kawasan yang lebih panas ke
kawasan yang kurang panas.
 Perolakan/ Convection

Think about when you boil water, the

bubbles move upwards

Or think of a gas heater in the room, the

heat rises around the room
 Perolakan/ Convection
Cools at the
surface
Convection
current

Cooler Hot water

water sinks rises
 Perolakan/ Convection
Where is the Cooling
cooling compartment

compartment
put in a fridge?
It is warmer at
the bottom, so
this warmer air
It is put at the top,
rises and a
because cool air
convection
sinks, so it cools the
current is set up.
food on the way
down.
Convection questions

Why does hot air rise and cold air sink?

Cool air is more dense than warm air, so the cool air falls
through the warm air.

Why are boilers placed beneath hot water

tanks in peoples homes?
Hot water rises.
So when the boiler heats the water, and the hot water rises, the water tank
is filled with hot water.
How does heat energy get
from the Sun to the Earth?
There are no particles
between the Sun and the
Earth so it CANNOT
travel by conduction or
by convection.

RADIATION
?
 Sinaran/ Radiation
Proses pemindahan haba daripada
suatu sumber haba ke kawasan
persekitarannya tanpa medium
Mengalir ke semua arah daripada
objek yang panas.
Semakin panas objek, semakin banyak
haba yang mengalir melalui sinaran.
Does the surface affect the way heat is
radiated?
Radiation Think Pair-Share
Radiation travels in straight lines
True/False
Radiation can travel through a vacuum
True/False
Radiation requires particles to travel
True/False
Radiation travels at the speed of light
True/False
Radiation questions

Why are houses painted white in hot countries?

White reflects heat radiation and keeps the house cooler.

Why are shiny foil blankets wrapped around marathon runners at the end of a
race?

The shiny metal reflects the heat radiation from the runner back in, this stops
the runner getting cold.
 Konduktor haba dan
penebat haba
Konduktor haba bahan yang membenarkan
haba melaluinya dengan mudah. e.g: most
metals
Penebat haba bahan yang menghalang
haba mengalir melaluinya. e.g: wood, plastic,
glass

Why do many sauce pans have plastic

handles?
Konduktor haba Vs Penebat haba
 Conductor or Insulator?
Wood?
Aluminium?
Plastic?
Glass?
Iron?
Polystyrene?
Copper?
Cardboard?
Pelbagai Kegunaan konduktor dan penebat
dalam kehidupan harian
Bincangkan
Pemanas pada dasar cerek elektrik
Periuk dan kuali
Seterika elektrik
Radiator kereta
Merkuri
Kotak ais
 Pelbagai Kegunaan konduktor dan penebat
dalam kehidupan harian

Rajah di sebelah menunjukkan

struktur binaan sebuah kelalang
termos. Struktur binaan kelalang
termos bertujuan untuk
mengurangkan kehilangan haba.
Bincangkan.
 Penyerap dan Pembebas haba yang Baik

Keupayaan suatu objek untuk menyerap

dan membebaskan haba dipengaruhi oleh
ciri permukaan objek (jenis dan warna)
Permukaan yang gelap dan kusam
menyerap dan membebaskan haba lebih
baik daripada objek putih dan berkilat
Emission experiment
Four containers were filled with warm water. Which
container would have the warmest water after ten minutes?

Dull metal Shiny black

Shiny metal Dull black

shiny metal container would be the warmest after ten

The __________
radiation back
minutes because its shiny surface reflects heat _______
dull black container
into the container so less is lost. The ________
emitting heat
would be the coolest because it is the best at _______
radiation.
Absorption experiment
Four containers were placed equidistant from a heater. Which
container would have the warmest water after ten minutes?

Dull metal Shiny black

Shiny metal Dull black

dull black container would be the warmest after ten

The __________
radiation the best.
minutes because its surface absorbs heat _______
shiny metal container would be the coolest because it is
The _________
the poorest at __________
absorbing heat radiation.
 Emitters
Hotter objects emit (give out) heat
Different surfaces emit heat at different speeds
A dull black surfaces loses energy more
quickly it is a good radiator
A bright shiny or white surface is a poor
radiator
Marathon runners need to keep warm at the end
of races, covering in shiny blankets reduces
radiation and therefore heat loss.
Emitters of heat

Bright shiny can Dull black can

Poor radiator Good Radiator
Absorbers
Cooler objects absorb (take in) heat
Substances absorb heat at different speeds
Dull, black surfaces absorb heat quickly
Bright, shiny surfaces absorb heat slowly
In hot countries, people wear bright white
clothes and paint their houses white to reduce
absorption of energy from the sun.
Petrol storage tanks sprayed silver to reflect
suns rays
Absorbers

Shiny, bright can Dull black can

Poor absorber Good absorber
 Revision
1. Which of the following is not a
method of heat transfer?

A. Radiation
B. Insulation
C. Conduction
D. Convection
 Revision
1. Which of the following is not a
method of heat transfer?

A. Radiation
B. Insulation
C. Conduction
D. Convection
2. In which of the following are
the particles closest together?

A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Fluid
2. In which of the following are
the particles closest together?

A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Fluid
3. How does heat energy reach
the Earth from the Sun?

A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Insulation
3. How does heat energy reach
the Earth from the Sun?

A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Insulation
4. Which is the best surface for
reflecting heat radiation?

A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black
4. Which is the best surface for
reflecting heat radiation?

A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black
5. Which is the best surface for
absorbing heat radiation?

A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black
5. Which is the best surface for
absorbing heat radiation?

A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black
 Key Words Temperature

Cold

Insulator

Radiation
Heat
Transfer

Convection
Conduction

Conductor Absorb
Emit