Dukungan nutrisi
✘JENIS CAIRAN
Berdasarkan
tujuan terapi
1. Cairan rumatan ( maintenance ).
Dekstrosa 5 %, Dekstrosa 5 % dalam Salin 0,25 %
3. Cairan khusus
NaCl 3 %, Mannitol, Sodium- bikarbonat, Natrium
laktat hipertonik
Berdasarkan osmolaritas
Cairan Isotonik
Ringer laktat
Normal saline (NaCl 0,9%)
Cairan Hipotonik
NaCl 45%
Dekstrosa 2,5%
Cairan Hipertonik
Dekstrosa 5%
NaCl 45% hipertonik
Whole blood, albumin
Berdasarkan Partikel Cairan
Partikel Cairan
Kristaloid Koloid
Mempunyai kekurangan:
• tidak mengandung HCO3
• tidak mengandung K+
• kadar Na+ dan Cl– relatif tinggi, shg dapat terjadi
asidosis hiperkloremia, asidosis
dilusional,hipernatremia
Asering (Asetat Ringer)
Keuntungan HES:
• menyumpal kebocoran ( sealing effect )
• memiliki efek antiinfl amasi, dengan cara menghambat
produksi mediator infl amasi NF-Kappa β, sehingga
dapat digunakan pada kasus inflamasi ( sepsis )
3. Dextran (Dextran 40 (Rheomacrodex), Dextran70
(Macrodex))
SBP N N, DBP,
postural drop
Pulse N or
Pressure
Cap Refill < 3 sec > 3 sec >3 sec or absent
absent
Resp 14 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 >35
CNS anxious v. anxious confused lethargic
Treatment 1–2L 2 L crystalloid, 2 L crystalloid, re-evaluate,
crystalloid, + re-evaluate replace blood loss 1:3
maintenance crystalloid, 1:1 colloid or blood
products. Urine output >0.5
mL/kg/hr
Goals of Resuscitation
Rivers Study- Early Goal Directed Therapy in Sepsis and Septic Shock
Emergency department with severe sepsis or septic shock, randomized to goal directed protocol vs
standard therapy prior to admission to ICU
Early goal directed therapy conferred lower APACHE scores, incidating less severe organ dysfunction
Goals of Resuscitation
Rivers Study- Early Goal
Directed Therapy in Sepsis
and Septic Shock
• Emergency department
with severe sepsis or
septic shock,
randomized to goal
directed protocol vs
standard therapy prior to
admission to ICU
• Early goal directed
therapy conferred lower
APACHE scores,
incidating less severe
organ dysfunction
• Resuscitation of Shock is all about getting
oxygen to the tissues
• Initial assessment of volume deficit, replace that
(with crystalloid), and reassess
• Continue volume resuscitation to target
endpoints
• Can use mixed venous oxygen saturation to
estimate tissue perfusion and oxygenation
Terima kasih