TOEFL:

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN

EXPRESSION SECTION
 TEST OF ENGLISH
AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE

TUJUAN:
Mengetahui kemampuan berbahasa Inggris
seseorang yang bukan penutur asli bahasa
Inggris

SKOR:
1. 310-420 = tingkat dasar
2. 420-480 = tingkat menengah bawah
3. 480-520 = tingkat menengah atas
4. 525-677 = tingkat mahir
 TOEFL: STRUCTURE
AND WRITTEN
EXPRESSION
• Jumlah soal 40 butir
• Waktu yg dibutuhkan 25 menit
• Tujuan:
1. Structure section untuk mengetahui ke-
mampuan dalam membuat kalimat
lengkap dan benar tata bahasanya
2. Written expression section untuk menge-
tahui kemampuan dalam mendeteksi
kesalahan pada tulisan akademik.
 1.Structure section

• Satu kalimat dengan bagian yang

hilang.

• Pilihan ganda untuk mengisi bagian

hilang tersebut.
2. Written Expression
Section

• Satu kalimat yang mengandung

kesalahan.

• Ada empat bagian yang

digarisbawahi.

• Pilih satu bagian yang salah.

 STRATEGI UMUM
1. Kerjakan nomor 1-15.
Nomor 1-5 paling mudah.
Nomor 11-15 paling sulit.

2. Lanjutkan Nomor 16-40.

Nomor 16-20 paling mudah
Nomor 36-40 paling sulit.

3. Jangan menghabiskan waktumu

pada pertanyaan yang paling sulit
tapi semua jawaban harus diisi.
 STRATEGI UMUM
4. Pelajari kalimatnya.
Tujuannya menentukan apa yang
dibutuhkan untuk melengkapi/
membuat kalimat dengan benar.

5. Jangan mencoba memilih jawab-

an dengan hanya melihat pada
pilihan jawaban. Pilihan jawaban
yang diberikan secara umum
benar.

6. Ingat, waktu di section ini hanya 25

menit.
Skill 1.
Subjek dan Kata
Kerja
Dalam bahasa Inggris, 1
kalimat harus
punya paling tidak
1 subjek dan 1 verb.
 Contoh

• Peter likes vegetables.

• They like vegetables.

• Dina watched tv yesterday.

• They will clean the room tomorrow.

 NOTE

Baca sebuah kalimat dan temukan subjek

juga verbnya.
 Example 1

_______ was ringing continuously for hours.

(A) Loudly
(B) In the morning
(C) The phone
(D) The Bells
 Example 2

Newspapers ______ every morning and every

evening.
(A) delivery
(B) are delivered
(C) on time
(D) regularly
 Example 3

The plane _______ landing at the airport in 5

minutes.
(A) it is
(B) it really is
(C) is descending
(D) will be
 Exercise

Garis bawahi satu kali pada subjek dan dua

kali pada verb untuk kalimat di bawah ini.
Tentukan apakah kalimat tersebut Correct
(C) atau Incorrect (I).
I 1. My best friend always helpful with
problems.
C 2. The bus schedule has changed since last
week.
I 3. Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor.
I 4. The customer paying the clerk for the
clothes.
C 5. The Professor handed the syllabus to the
students.
Skill 2.
Object of
Preposition
Objek preposisi adalah kata
benda atau kata ganti setelah
preposisi seperti in, at, of, to,
by, behind, dan on.
 Example

The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will

last (for three hours).

Hati-hati, objek preposisi terkadang dipikir sebagai subjek kalimat.

 Example

To mike _______ was a big surprise.

(A) really
(B) the party
(C) funny
(D) when
 Exercise

Setiap kalimat di bawah ini mengandung satu atau

lebih frasa preposisi.
Garis bawahi subjek sekali, verb dua kali. Lingkari
frasa preposisi.
Tentukan apakah kalimat tersebut Correct (C) atau
Incorrect (I).
C 1. The name of the baby in the room is Jack.

I 2. By the next meeting of the class need to

turn in the papers.

C 3. The doctor gave the patient a prescription.

I 4. In the morning after the concert was tired.

C 5. At 01.00 in the morning the alarm clock

on the table beside the bed rang.

TOEFL Exercise

Choose the letter of the word or group of

words that best completes the sentence.
1. Mark Twain _____ the years after the Civil War the
“Gilded Age".
(A) called
(B) calling
(C) he called
(D) his calls

2. In 1867, ________ Alaska from the Russians for $7,2

Million.
(A) purchased the USA
(B) to purchase the USA
(C) the USA' purchase of
(D) the USA purchased
3. The large carotid artery _______ to the main parts of
the brain.
(A) carrying blood
(B) blood is carried
(C) carries blood
(D) blood carries

4. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an

increase in the specialization of ________.
(A) occupations
(B) occupies
(C) they occupied
(D) it occupied them
5. The two biggest resort ________ Alabama are Hot
Springs and Eureka Springs.
(A) in
(B) towns in
(C) towns are
(D) towns are in

6. ________ grow close to the ground in the short Arctic

summer.
(A) Above tundra plants
(B) Tundra plants
(C) Tundra plants are found
(D) For tundra plants
Skill 3.
Present participles
(v-ing)

Present participle dapat

berperan sebagai
adjective maupun verb.
Present participle
sebagai verb, jika
didahului oleh bentuk
be (is, am, are, was,
were, be, been)

Contoh:
• The train is arriving at the station now.

• Anita and Rudi have been studying for

3 hours.
Present participle
sebagai adjective jika
tidak didahului oleh
kata be.
Artinya “yang”
Contoh:
• The Train arriving at the station now
is an hour late.

• Anita and Rudi studying for 3 hours

are my family.
 Example

The film ______ appearing at the local

teather is my favorite.
(A) now
(B) is
(C) it
(D) was
 Exercise

Setiap kalimat di bawah ini mengandung satu atau

lebih present participles.
Garis bawahi subjek sekali, verb dua kali. Lingkari
Present participle dan tandai apakah adjective
(Adj) atau verb (V).
Tentukan apakah kalimat tersebut Correct (C) atau
Incorrect (I).
C 1. The crying baby needs to be picked up.
I 2. The clothes are lying on the floor should
go into the washing machine.
I 3. The waitress bringing the steaming soup to
the waiting diners.
I 4. The setting sun creating a rainbow of
colors in the sky.
I 5. The boring class just ending a few minutes
a go.
Skill 4.
Past participles
(v-ed/d)

Past participle dapat

berperan sebagai
adjective maupun verb.
Present participle
sebagai verb, jika
didahului oleh bentuk
Have (have, has, had)
dan be (is, am, are, was,
were, be, been)
The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox.
verb

The classes were taught by Professor Smith.

verb
Present participle
sebagai adjective jika
tidak didahului oleh
kata have dan be.

Artinya “yang”
The letter left in the mailbox was for me.
adj

The classes taught by professor smith were

adj
very interesting .
 Exercise

Setiap kalimat di bawah ini mengandung satu atau

lebih past participles.
Garis bawahi subjek sekali, verb dua kali. Lingkari
past participle dan tandai apakah adjective
(Adj) atau verb (V).
Tentukan apakah kalimat tersebut Correct (C) atau
Incorrect (I).
I 1. The food is served in this restaurant is
delicious.
C 2. The plane landed on the deserted runway.
C 3. The teacher found the lost exam.
C 4. The locked drawer contained the unworn
jewels.
I 5. The tree was blown over in the storm was cut
into logs.
1. The first __________ appeared during the last period of the
dinosaurs’ reign.
(A) flowers are plants
(B) plants have flowers
(C) plants flowers
(D) flowering plants

2. The earliest medicines __________ from plants of various

sorts.
(A) obtaining
(B) they obtained
(C) were obtained
(D) they were obtained
3. The pituitary gland, _______ the brain, releases hormones
to control other glands.
(A) found below
(B) it is found below
(C) its foundation below
(D) finds itself below

4. Multinational companies _______ it increasingly important to

employ internationally acceptable brand names.
(A) finding
(B) are finding
(C) they find
(D) they are finding
5. The Statue of Liberty, completed in Paris in 1884, ___ in
New York Harbor in 1886.
(A) the unveiling
(B) to unveil
(C) it unveiled
(D) was unveiled

6. Humans _______ at high elevations adjust to the lower level

of oxygen in the air by producing more red blood
corpuscles.
(A) living
(B) to live
(C) the life
(D) lived
Skill5.
Coordinate
Connectors

Banyak kalimat dalam

bahasa inggris memiliki klausa.
Untuk menghubungkan 2 klausa
digunakan kata penghubung spt
and, but, or atau so di antara
klausa-klausa tersebut.
 Example

The sun was shining, and the sky was blue.

The sky was blue, but it was very cold.
It may rain tonight, or it may be clear.
It was raining outside, so I took my umbrella.
 Exercise

Setiap kalimat di bawah ini mengandung satu atau

lebih past participles.
Garis bawahi subjek sekali, verb dua kali. Lingkari
kata penghubung..
Tentukan apakah kalimat tersebut Correct (C) atau
Incorrect (I).
I 1. It was raining, so decided not to go camping.
I 2. The patient took all the medicine, he didn’t
feel much better.
C 3. The bill must be paid immediately, or the
electricity will be turn off.
C 4. The furnace broke so the house got quite
cold.
C 5. The leaves kept falling of the trees, and the
boys kept raking them up, but the yard
was still covered.
Skill 6.
Tenses

Tense adalah perubahan kata

kerja/verb yang dipengaruh oleh
awktu dan sifat kejadian.
Seluruh kalimat bahasa Inggris
tidak akan lepas dari
penggunaan tenses.
 NAME AND
FORMULAS OF
TENSES

Waktu kejadian Sifat kejadian

1. Present “sekarang” 1. Simple “sederhana”
2. Past “Lampau” 2. Continuous “sedang”
3. Future “akan datang” 3. Perfect “telah/sempurna”
4. Past future “Kegagalan” 4. Perfect Continuous “Dur
asi”
 NAME AND FORMULAS OF TENSES

Waktu kejadian Sifat kejadian

1. Present “V1”
2. Past “V2”
3. Future “will + V1”
4. Past future “would + V1”
1. Simple “-”
2. Continuous “be + Ving”
3. Perfect “Have/has/had + V3”
4. Perfect Continuous “have/has
/had + been + Ving”
 NOTE
• Perubahan tense hanya terjadi pada verb bukan
pada subjek atau objeknya.

• Perubahan kata kerja bantu:

Bentuk
NO V1 V2 V3
Asli
Is, am, ar
1 Be Was/were been
e
2 Have Have/has had had
 How to read basic function
of tenses
1. Simple present
(aktivitas SEDERHANA di waktu SEKARANG)
2. Present continuous
(Aktivitas yang SEDANG berlangsung di waktu
SEKARANG)
3. Present perfect
(Aktivitas yang TELAH SEMPURNA di waktu
SEKARANG)
4. Present perfect continuous
(DURASI di waktu SEKARANG)
 How to read basic function
of tenses
1. Simple past
(aktivitas SEDERHANA di waktu KEMARIN)
2. Past continuous
(Aktivitas yang SEDANG berlangsung di waktu
KEMARIN)
3. Past perfect
(Aktivitas yang TELAH SEMPURNA di waktu
KEMARIN)
4. Past perfect continuous
(DURASI di waktu KEMARIN)
 How to read basic function
of tenses
1. Simple future
(aktivitas SEDERHANA di waktu BESOK)
2. Future continuous
(Aktivitas yang SEDANG berlangsung di waktu
BESOK)
3. Future perfect
(Aktivitas yang TELAH SEMPURNA di waktu
BESOK)
4. Future perfect continuous
(DURASI di waktu BESOK)
PENERAPAN BASIC FUNCTION OF
TENSES
No TENSES BASIC FUNCTION
1. Simple present She studies English .
2. Present She is studying English.
continuous
3. Present perfect She has studied English.
4. Present Perfect She has been studying
Continuous English for 3 hours.
PENERAPAN BASIC FUNCTION OF
TENSES
No TENSES BASIC FUNCTION
1. Simple past She studied English yesterday.
2. Past continuous She was studying English.
3. Past perfect She had studied english.
4. Past Perfect She had been studying
Continuous English.
 PENERAPAN BASIC FUNCTION OF
TENSES

No TENSES BASIC FUNCTION

1. Simple future She will study English.
2. Future She will be studying English.
continuous
3. Future perfect She will have studied English.
4. Future Perfect She will have been studying
Continuous English.
 PENERAPAN BASIC FUNCTION OF
TENSES
No TENSES BASIC FUNCTION
1. Simple present Mereka biasanya menyerah-
kan tugas setiap pagi.
2. Present Mereka sedang menyerahkan
continuous tugas saat ini.
3. Present perfect Mereka telah menyerahkan
tugas.
4. Present Perfect Mereka telah menyerahkan
Continuous tugas selama 10 menit.
 PENERAPAN BASIC FUNCTION OF
TENSES
No TENSES BASIC FUNCTION
1. Simple past Mereka menyerahkan tugas
kemarin.
2. Past continuous Mereka sedang menyerahkan
tugas kemarin.
3. Past perfect Mereka telah menyerahkan
tugas kemarin.
4. Past Perfect Mereka telah menyerahkan
Continuous tugas selama 10 menit
kemarin.
 PENERAPAN BASIC FUNCTION OF
TENSES
No TENSES BASIC FUNCTION
1. Simple future Mereka akan menyerahkan
tugas besok.
2. Future Mereka akan sedang menye-
continuous rahkan tugas besok.
3. Future perfect Mereka akan telah menye-
rahkan tugas besok.
4. Future Perfect Mereka akan telah menye-
Continuous rahkan tugas selama 10
menit besok.
 Exercises
• Contoh:
Mereka sedang membuang sampah ke
marin.

Tense : Past continuous

Translation: They were throwing the ru
bbish yesterday.
1. Mereka telah membuang sampah kemarin.
Tense : past perfect
Translation: They had threw the rubbish
yesterday.

2. Mereka akan sedang membuang sampah

besok.
Tense : future continuous
Translation: They will be throwing the
rubbish tomorrow.
3. Mereka sedang membuang sampah
sekarang.
Tense : present continuous
Translation: They are throwing the rubbish
now.

4. Mereka telah membuang sampah selama

10 menit kemarin.
Tense : past perfect continuous
Translation: They had been throwing the
rubbish for 10 minutes
yesterday.
1. Ridwan _________ his grandfather every month.
a. visits
b. is visiting
c. is visit
d. has visited

2. The students _________ card in the living room f

or 1 hour yesterday.
a. Had been playing
b. played
c. had play
d. playing
3. She will _____ cooking in the kitchen, when
her mother comes tomorrow.
a. is
b. have
c. be
d. Been

4. My brother and I _____ at ten o’clock last

night.
a. am sleeping
b. was sleeping
c. were sleeping
d. slept