HARMONIK
SEBAB
&
AKIBAT
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL LISTRIK DAN PEMANFAATAN ENERGI
2006
us sinusoidal yang memiliki frekuensi yang merupakan kelipatan dari frekuensi di mana sistem pasokan dirancang untuk
Harmonik (Harmonics)
3rd Harmonics
Penyebab Harmonik
Di Sisi Konsumen :
- Harmonik timbul karena adanya beban yang tidak linier
Harmonik Akibat
Lihat Definisi
Integral --- Sampling
V 1st x I 3rd = 0%
V1st+V3rd+V5th x I1st+I5th+I7th = 32%
Mengukur Harmonik
Disisi konsumen
Harmonics Filter : Active dan Passive
Gunakan PWM 18 Pulses
Emisi Harmonik dari konsumen harus dibatasi
(Perlu Standar – Menyatu dengan Power Quality (IEC61000-3-2 and 3-4) )
Bagaimana pengaturan dan penerapannya....
Paberik
NOTE :
KAPASITOR BANK
VAR INDIVIDUAL
LOGIC
TIDAK MENIMBULKAN
HARMONIK !
- SPIKES
Panel Kapasitor Bank
- EXECESIVE SWITCHING
CAP BANK 6 STEP
6 STEP CAP BANK
Contoh :
Kawasan
Industri
Perlu
Perhatikan
SCL
PCC
Power Electronic and Capacitor
Harmonics Sources
Fundamental Component
Voltage Distortion
Harmonik Pd 3 Fase 4 Kawat
ANSI C57.110-1986
IEC 61000-3-x series PQ Parameters...Apa saja ?
IEC 61000-4-x series PQ Measurement... Bagaimana ?
IEC 555 - 1982
IEC 555 is enforced in Europe, making it a de facto
standard for commercial equipment intended to be sold
worldwide
IEEE 519 th 1992
Recommended limits are set at 5% Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD)
THD Max 5%
Partial Max 3%
Standard Harmonics
ANSI C57.110-1986
IEC 555 - 1982
IEEE 519 th 1992 :
In section 10.3 (Development of Current Distortion Limits), "..... The
objectives of the current limits are to limit the maximum individual
frequency voltage harmonic to 3% of the fundamental and the voltage
THD to 5% for systems without a major parallel resonance at one of the
injected frequencies."
"..If individual customers meet the current distortion limits, and there is
not sufficient diversity between individual customer harmonic injections,
then it may be necessary to implement some form of filtering on the
utility system to limit voltage distortion levels."
Standard Harmonics
Energy Distributor
Memutuskan memasang
Lebih dari 20 Juta Meter elektronik
Berkaitan dengan Meter Error
yang ditimbulkan
Oleh harmonik dari peralatan rumah tangga
Canada - Meter Market Profile
Annual demand
982,000 meters
Demand includes 400,000 meters a year in 2006 and 2007 due to the
replacement of electromechanical meters with
electronic meters
Target of 5 million out of 12 million by 2010.
Harmonics Mitigation
17 Aspek Mutu Listrik
1. Variasi frekuensi
2. Variasi tegangan
3. Kelip (flicker)
4. Kedip (voltage sag)
5. Harmonik
6. Ketidak seimbangan tegangan
7. Keandalan (pemadaman)
8. Voltage swells
Aspek mutu listrik
9. Electrical noise
10. Faktor daya rendah
11. Ground loops
12. EMI (Electromagnetic Interference
13. Static electricity
14. Voltage surges
15. Voltage impulses
16. Demand interval
17. Kelayakan instalasi
IEC 61000-3-2 edition (A14)
IEC 61000-3-2 edition (A14)
IEC 555
IEC 555
IEC 555
IEEE-519
IEEE-519
IEEE-519
Peraturan Ketenagalistrikan
UU 15 th 1985 Ketenagalistrikan