Pendekatan pengeluaran
Y=C+I+G
Y=C+I+G
Y = a + bYd + I + G
= a + b(Y + Tr – Tx) + I + G
= a + bY + bTr – bTx + I + G
Y – bY = a + bTr – bTx + I + G
(1 – b)Y = a + bTr – bTx + I + G
a + bTr – bTx + I + G
Y =
1–b
BAB VI
S + Tx = I + G + Tr
Yd – C + Tx = I + G + Tr
Y + Tr – Tx - (a + bYd) + Tx = I + G+Tr
Y + Tr – Tx - (a + b(Y + Tr – Tx))+Tx = I + G + Tr
Y + Tr – Tx -(a + bY +bTr –bTx) + Tx = I + G +Tr
Y + Tr – Tx -a -bY - bTr + bTx + Tx = I + G +Tr
Y – bY = -Tr + Tx + a + bTr – bTx –Tx + I + G + Tr
Y – bY = a + bTr - bTx + I + G
(1 – b)Y = a + bTr – bTx + I + G
a + bTr – bTx + I + G
Y=
1–b
BAB VI
Contoh Soal
b. Buktikan S + Tx = I + G + Tr
No. a
a + bTr – bTx + I + G
Yeq =
1-b
10 + 3,75 – 7,5 + 20 + 30
Yeq =
0,25
56,25
Yeq =
0,25
No. b
Bukti bahwa :
S + Tx = I + G + Tr
Saving Keseimbangan 45 + 10 = 20 + 30 + 5
55 = 55
S = (1 – b)Yd – a
S = (1 – 0,75)Yd – 10
= 0,25(Y + Tr - Tx) – 10
= 0,25( 225 + 5 – 10 ) – 10
= 0,25(210) – 10
S = 45
BAB VI
Gambar Grafik Fungsi
Y=C
No. c C + I + G = 0,75Y + 56,25
C,S,I, G,Tr, Tx
C + I = 0,75Y + 30
C=0,75Y+10
56,25 S=0,25Y-10
BEI
30 Data-data fungsi
10 450 C = 0,75 Y + 10
0 Y S = 0,25 Y – 10
-10 40 120 225 YBEI = 40
C + I = 0,75Y + 30
Yeq = 120
C + I + G = 0,75Y + 56,25
Yeq = 225
BAB VI
MULTIPLIER / ANGKA PENGGANDA
Y 1
ka = a =
1-b
Y 1
kI = =
I 1-b
Y 1
kG = G = Tujuan dari multiplier sama
1-b
dengan model perekonomian
Y b
kTr = = 2 sektor
Tr 1-b
Y -b
kTx = =
Tx 1-b
BAB VI
-b
Bukti bahwa kTx = 1 - b
Apabila pajak terjadi sebesar (Tx + Tx), maka Pendapatan
Nasional akan sebesar (Y+ Y)
- bTx
Sebelum terjadi Y =
1-b
a + bTr – bTx + I + G -b
Y= Y = x Tx
1-b 1-b
Sesudah terjadi Y -b
= = kTx
a + bTr – b(Tx + Tx) + I + G Tx 1-b
Y + Y =
1-b
a + bTr – bTx - bTx + I + G
Y + Y =
1-b
a + bTr – bTx + I + G + - bTx
Y + Y = 1-b
1 -b
Y
BAB VI
Jawaban a.
a + bTr – bTx + I + G
Y= 1-b
10 + (0,9)(0) – (0,9)(40) + 60 + 35
Y=
1 – 0,9
10 + 0 – 36 + 95
Y= 0,1
69
Y=
0,1
Y = 690 Y Equilibrium
BAB VI
Jawaban b.
Jawaban c. -0,9
kTx =
-b
= = -9
1 - b 1 – 0,9
…… Tx ?
-b Tx Y = kTx x Tx
Y = X
1-b
Y
Tx =
kTx
Y = Y FE – Yeq -90
Tx = = 10
Y = 600 – 690 -9
Y = -90 Jadi untuk agar terhindar dari kesenjangan
Inflasi, maka pajak harus dinaikkan 10 Mrp.
BAB VI
Jawaban a.
a + bTr – bTx + I + G
Y= 1-b
10 + (0,9)(0) – (0,9)(50) + 60 + 35
Y=
1 – 0,9
10 + 0 – 45 + 95
Y= 0,1
60
Y=
0,1
Y = 600 Y Equilibrium
BAB VI
Tx = f (Y) Tx = To + hY
……..Yeq?
Y=C+I+G
= a + bYd + I + G
= a + b{Y + Tr – (To + hY)} + I + G
= a + b(Y + Tr – To – hY) + I + G
= a + bY + bTr – bTo – bhY + I + G
Y – bY + bhY = a + bTr – bTo + I + G
(1 – b + bh)Y = a + bTr – bTo + I + G
a + bTr – bTo + I + G
Y=
1 – b + bh
BAB VI
1
ka = 1 – b + bh
b
kTr =
1 1 – b + bh
kI =
1 – b + bh
-b
1 kTx =1 – b + bh
kG =1 – b + bh
BAB VI