Identifikasi Gugus Fungsi

Aldehid dan Keton

Pada Senyawa Formaldehida
dan Keton Menggunakan
Pereaksi Tollens
 Kelompok 21

Farhan Abdurrahman Berliana Rahmawati

Dwi Ajni Shafarwati
1800001 1805297 1801575
 Tujuan
1. Merancang percobaan reaksi identifikasi gugus fungsi senyawa
formaldehida dan aseton menggunakan pereaksi Tollens

2. Menyajikan hasil rancangan percobaan identifikasi gugus fungsi

senyawa formaldehida dan aseton menggunakan pereaksi Tollens

3. Membedakan ciri – ciri fisik yang muncul pada identifikasi gugus fungsi
antara senyawa formaldehida dengan aseton menggunakan pereaksi
Tollens
Table of Contents
0 Dasar Teori 06 Pembahasan

01 Variabel
2 07 Faktor Kesalahan

0 Alat dan Bahan

30 08 Kesimpulan

40
Set Alat
09 Daftar Pustaka

Langkah Kerja
5
Dasar Teori
Aldehid adalah suatu senyawa yang mengandung
gugus karbonil (C=O) yang terikat pada sebuah atau
dua buah unsur hidrogen. Golongan aldehid disebut
golongan alkanal. Senyawa-senyawa aldehid dengan
jumlah atom C rendah (1 s/d 5 atom C) sangat mudah
larut dalam air, sedangkan senyawa aldehid dengan
jumlah atom C lebih dari 5 sukar larut dalam air.
Keton merupakan senyawa karbon yang
mempunyai gugus karbonil atau dapat ditulis -CO-.
Golongan keton disebut alkanon. Gugus fungsi
karbonil terletak di tengah, diapit dua buah alkil
(Suwarji, 2007) Gambar 2. Struktur keton
1.  Pereaksi tollens adalah larutan perak nitrat dalam amonia. Pereaksi ini
dibuat dengan cara menetesi larutan perak nitrat dalam larutan amonia
hingga endapan yang mula-mula terbentuk larut kembali. Pereaksi tollens
disebut juga larutan perak oksida (). Aldehid dapat mereduksi pereaksi
tollens sehingga membebaskan unsur Ag
(Putrianti, 2009)

Pengoksidasi ringan yang digunakan dalam uji ini, adalah larutan basa
dan perak nitrat. Larutannya jernih dan tidak berwarna. Untuk mencegah
pengendapan ion perak sebagai oksida (Ag2O) pada suhu tinggi,
ditambahkan beberapa tetes larutan amonia. Amonia membentuk kompleks
larut air dengan ion perak. Jika aldehida dioksidasi dengan pereaksi tollens,
terbentuk asam karboksilat, dan pada saat itu ion perak direduksi menjadi
logam perak.
(Budhikarjono,2007)
1.  
Formaldehid atau yang populer disebut formalin adalah senyawa
organik golongan aldehid atau alkanal yang paling sederhana. Senyawa
kimia formaldehida (metanal) berbentuk gas yang rumus kimianya .
Formalin adalah larutan formaldehida dalam air, dengan kadar antara 10-
40 %.
(Putrianti, 2009)

Aseton adalah kontaminan organik volatil dapat ditemukan dalam

lingkungan. Pada suhu kamar aseton merupakan larutan jernih, tidak
berwarna, bersifat volatil dengan bau aromatik menyerupai benzena dan
mudah terbakar. Sehingga aseton tergolong zat pembakar berbahaya
yang signifikan pada suhu kamar.
(Wuntu dan Vanda, 2011)
 Variabel
Variabel bebas :
Formaldehida dan
Aseton

Variabel terikat :
Endapan Ag

Variabel kontrol :
Pereaksi Tollens
 Alat dan Bahan

Tabung Reaksi Besar Pipet Tetes

Gelas Kimia
(2 Buah) (3 Buah)
(1 Buah)

Penjepit Tabung
(1 Buah)
Kaki Tiga
Kassa
(1 Buah)
(1 Buah) Pembakar Spirtus
(1 Buah)
Alat dan Bahan

Formaldehid Aseton   Larutan

(2 mL) (2 mL) (2 mL)

Larutan NaOH 0,3M

(1 – 2 tetes)   Larutan
(2 mL)
Set Alat
 0
1
Pembahasan

You could enter a subtitle

here if you need it
 Pembahasan
Pereaksi Tollens mengandung ion diamminperak(I),
[Ag(NH3)2]+.Ion ini dibuat dari larutan perak(I) nitrat. Caranya
dengan memasukkan setetes larutan natrium hidroksida ke
dalam larutan perak(I) nitrat yang menghasilkan sebuah
endapan perak(I) oksida, dan selanjutnya tambahkan larutan
amonia encer secukupnya untuk melarutkan ulang endapan
tersebut.Untuk melakukan uji dengan pereaksi Tollens,
beberapa tetes aldehid atau keton dimasukkan ke dalam
pereaksi Tollens yang baru dibuat, dan dipanaskan secara
perlahan dalam sebuah penangas air panas selama
beberapa menit
Pembahasan
Tahapan dari uji Tollens Pembuatan pereaksi tollens
terjadi dalam dua tahap,
tahap 1 : Merekasikan AgNO3 dengan NaOH untuk
melepaskan Nitratnya sehingga terbentuk endapan
Ag2O
Tahap 2 Mereaksikan Ag2O dengan NH4OH ssehingga
terbentuk suatu oksidator diamin bla bla bala (pereaksi
tollens)
Aldehid mereduksi ion diamminperak(I) menjadi logam
perak. Karena larutan bersifat basa, maka aldehid
dengan sendirinya dioksidasi menjadi sebuah garam dari
asam karboksilat yang sesuai.Persamaan lengkap untuk
reduksi ion diamminperak(I) menjadi perak adalah
sebagai berikut:
Pada tabung 1 terjadi reaksi dan terbentuk Endapan Ag
(cermin perak),
HCHO + Ag2O → HCOOH + 2Ag
sedangkan pada tabung kedua yang berisi aseoton tidak
terjadi reaksi.

Kemudian kedua tabung dimasukkan ke dalam penangas air,

yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat reaksi yang terjadi
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It’s the smallest Despite being
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Solar System cold place

Earth Saturn
Earth is the third Yes, this is the
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Mercury
Mercury is the
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Jupiter is the 80%
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24h 37m in the Solar System

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Mercury Venus Neptune

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smallest planet name farthest planet

Saturn Mars Jupiter

Saturn is a gas giant Mars is actually a cold It’s the biggest planet
and has rings place of them all
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