Radang Akut
Radang Akut
Dr. C. Kaelan
Dept of Pathology
Outline RADANG AKUT
1. Perubahan vaskuler
a. Perubahan aliran dan ukuran p.darah
b. Peningkatan permeabilitas vaskuler
2. Peristiwa seluler: ekstravasasi & fagositosis leukosit
a. Adhesi dan transmigrasi
b. Kemotaksis dan aktivasi leukosit
3. Fagositosis (pengenalan, perlekatan,
pelahapan dan degradasi)
4. Pengeluaran produk leukosit
5. Defek fungsi leukosit
Efek Jejas pada sel
RADANG AKUT
• Merupakan respon langsung dan
dini terhadap jejas
• Ditandai perubahan
sirkulasi mikro,
eksudasi cairan dan
transmigrasi leukosit dari p. darah
ke tempat jejas
5 CARDINAL SIGNS
• Rubor
• Calor
• Tumor
• Dolor
• Functio laesa
ISTILAH - ISTILAH
• Eksudasi
• Eksudat
• Transudat
• Edema
• Pus
1. PERUBAHAN VASKULER
• Kaliber pembuluh darah dan aliran
darah
a. Vasodilatasi
b. Perlambatan sirkulasi
c. Stasis
• Peningkatan permiabilitas vaskuler
(vascular leakage)
Mekanisme Kontraksi endotel
terjadinya (histamin,bradikinin,
lekotrin)
vascular leakage
Reorganisasi
sitoskeleton
(sitokin)
Jejas langsung
Leakage diperantarai
leukosit
Granula spesifik
NADPH
Oksidase aktif
NADP+
Oksidase membran
PENGELUARAN PRODUK
LEUKOSIT
• Terdiri dari :
• E. lisosom,
• metabolit aktif O2,
• prostalglandin dan
• lekotrin.
5. DEFEK FUNGSI LEUKOSIT
• Lebih rentan terhadap infeksi
• Genetik :
a. LAD tipe1,2 (defisiensi molekul
adhesi)
b. CGD (defisiensi NADPH oksidase)
c. Chediak-Higashi S. (neutrofenia,
defektif degranulasi, perlambatan
pembunuhan bakteri)
• Didapat (acquired):
a. Kemotaksis : febris, diabetes ,
sepsis, immunodefisiensi
b. Adhesi : hemodialisis, DM
c. Fagositosis, aktivitas mikrobisidal :
leukemia, anemia, sepsis, diabetes,
neonatus, malnutrisi
MANIFESTASI KLINIK
(SISTEMIK)
• FEBRIS : pirogen dan prostalglandin
• Perubahan hitung sel darah putih perifer
- Neutrofil leukositosis
- Neutropenia, limfositosis
• Perubahan protein plasma
C-reactive protein, antitrypsin, fibrinogen,
haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin
RINGKASAN
Reaksi Radang Akut
1. Aliran darah meningkat (dilatasi arteriol)
2. Permeabilitas meningkat (inter endotel
junction melebar, jejas langsung endotel)
3.Neutrofil (adhesi, transmigrasi, migrasi
ktempt jejas)
4.Fagositosis
5. Produk leukosit
Acute Inflammation. A capillary surrounded by
PMN leukocyte in are of inflammation.
Purulent exudate in some alveoli of the lung (left). Alveoli to
the right are dilated as compensatory measure for the
obstruction of alveoli on the left.
Alveolar exudate. Leucocytes in the alveoli together
with strands of fibrin. Venules in the alveolar walls
are dilated as part of the inflammatory response.
Fibrinous exudate. Pink staining threads of
fibrin with leucocytes in alveoli. The vessels
are dilated.
Pus. Section of skin showing an accumulation of the pus
(pustule) in the epidermis. This is often seen in impetigo
which superficial infection caused by coccal bacteria.
Purulent exudate. The edge of an ulcer in the
colon. Damaged colonic epithelium is seen on
the left and purulent exudate in the base of the
ulcer on the right.
Fibrinopurulent
exudate. The wall
of an ulcer showing
fibrino purulent
exudate on the
surface (top) and
newly formed
vessels
(granulation tissue)
deeper down.
Acute
inflammation.
Section of heart
muscle an visceral
pericardium showing
pink layer of fibrin
on the surface.
Inflammatory cells
and dilated vessels
are present in the
underlying
connective tissue.
Acute inflammation. Visceral pericardium.
Movement of the heart in pericardial sac causes
strands of fibrin to project into the lumen of the
pericardial sac.
Radang akut
Selesai
Radang Kronik
• Kelangsungan inflamasi
• Ber minggu-minggu
• Berbulan- bulang
• Bertahun –tahun