POLICY
Prof.Dr.Azhar Kasim,MPA
Universitas Indonesia
Kebijakan Publik
1. Elite Theory
2. Institutionalism
3. Group Theory
4. Political System Theory
Elite Theory
• Adalah teori yang menganggap kebijakan
publik di suatu negara atau daerah dibuat
oleh ruling elite.
• Berdasarkan nilai dan preferensi mereka,
rakyat banyak (massa) tidak mempunyai
akses dalam formulasi maupun
implementasi kebijakan.
Elite Theory
Sar
em ri
D Va
ana
Outputs
Action
Pa
Per
r
ta
i
eko
Po
Iklim
liti
no
Ormas
mia
POLICY
n
is
MAKING
isn
Struktur uts
gi
iB
p /
In d
olo
Sosial n t
ias
a
m or dll
kn
e
sos
D upp s
Te
S imit
As
u&
L LSM
Ilm
Kebudayaan
Politik
Hubungan
Internasional
Public Problem
Policy Formulation:
Leave it alone
Tidak ada keputusan
kebijakan
Policy Analysis
Policy Decision
(keputusan Positive Action
kebijakan)
Policy Statement
Policy
Implementation
Policy Output
Policy Evaluation
Policy Implementation:
Administrative (Deliver)
POLICY OUTPUT
ASUMSI:
• The ends or goals of administrative action were fixed by statue or by
directive of a responsible political official
• The administrator’s discretion extended only to decision on means
New Model: The Policy
Process As a System
ENVIRONMENT I Linkages ENVIRONMENT III
Policy Formulation Policy Evaluation
Linkages Linkages
ENVIRONMENT II
Policy Implementation
Linkages Linkages
ENVIRONMENT II
Policy Implementation