Obat-obatan
Tujuan
1. Supaya obat selalu tersedia, sehingga apabila diperlukan
dapat segera digunakan
2. Mencegah kerusakan obat dengan cara memperahannkan
kebersihan dan kerapihan tenpat dan lemari obat
3. Memberi pengamanan terhadap obat-obatan
Indikasi
Pada semua jenis obat-obatan yang diperlukan hal sebagai berikut
1. Cair
a. Larutan yaitu Garamycin, Tarramycin, Papiverin, OBH, dll
b. Suspensi Yaitu Milanta, Stomapel, Amoxcillin.
c. Emulsi yaitu Vit A, Penicilin dan Duramicillin.
Yaitu Menyiapkan dan memberikan obat-obatan untuk klien yang diberikan melalui mulut dan
ditelan
Tujuan
1. Menyediankan obat yang memliki efek Bentuk dan macam obat yang diebrikan
lokal atau sistemik melalui saluran melalui mulut
gastrointestinal 1. Cair
2. Menghindari pemberian obat yang dapat 2. Padat
menyebabkan kerusakan kulit dan jaringan 3. Tablet
3. Menghindari obat yang dapat menyebabkan 4. kapsul
nyeri
Persiapan alat
1. Baki berisis obat
Prosedur Pelaksanaan
2. Kartu obat
1. Siapkan peralatan dan cuci tangan
3. Mangkuk oabt sekali pakai
2. Kaji kemempuan pasien untuk dapat minum
4. Pemotong obat jika diperlukan
obat per oral
5. Martil dan lumping penggerus jika
3. Periksan kembali order pengobatan (nama,
diperlukkan
dan dosis obat, waktu dan cara pemberian)
6. Jelas pegukur jika diperlukkan
4. Periksa tanggal kadarluarsa obat
7. Gelas dan air minum
5. Ambil obat sesuai keperluan
8. Sedotan
6. Siapkan obat yang akan dierikan
9. Sendok
10.Spuit sesuai ukuran mulut anak-anak
Pemberian Obat secara Sublingual
Tujuan
1. Memperoleh efek lokal dan sistemik
2. Memperoleh aksi kerja obat yang lebih cepat dibandingkan cara oral
3. Menghindari kerusakan obat oleh hepar
Posedur Pelaksanaan
1. Secara umum persiapan dan langkah-langkahnya sama
seperti pemberian obat secara oral
2. Beri obat kepada klien
3. Jelasakan pada klien prosedur tindakan yang akan
dilakukan
4. Anjurkan klien untuk menutup mulut dan tidak minum,
makan maupun berbicara selama obat belum larut
seluruhnya
Pemberian obat Pemberian obat dengan cara meletakkanya di antara
gusi dengan membran mukosa pipi
secara Bukal
Tujuan
1. Memperoleh efek lokak dan sisitemik
2. Memperoleh aksi kerja obat yang lebih
cepat dibandingkan secara oral
3. Meghindari kerusakan obat oleh hepar
Yaitu
Kulit Mata
dan
Vagina Rektum
Pemberian obat
topical pada Yaitu pemberian obat secara lokal pada kulit dengan
kulit cara:
1. Dioleskan (salep, krim, gliserin violet dll)
2. Dikompres (hangat, dingin dengan alkohol,
rivanol(untuk luka), dll)
3. Diberi penyinaran (ultra violet, radium, dll)
4. Dibakar (caustic), (nitras argenti pada kutil)
Persiapan Alat
Tujuan 1. Botol obat atau salap (bergantung pada seiaan
1. Mengobati gangguan mata obat)
2. Mendilatasikan pupil pada 2. Buku obat
pemeriksaan struktur internal mata 3. Bola kapas kering steril (stuppers)
3. Melemahkan otot lensa mata pada 4. Baskom cuci dengan air hangat
pengukuran refraksi mata 5. Penutup mata jika perlu
4. Mencegah kekeringan pada mata 6. Sarung tangan steril
Lanjut
SPO
Membilas Memebersihkan mata dengan cariran yang
dialirkan dengan TUJUAN memebrsihkan masat
(irigasi) mata
kotor/ mengeluarkana benda asaing dan
mengobatai mata
Indikasi
mata sakit yang kotor, kemasaukan benda asing, dan kecelakaan pada mata
Persiapan Alat
1. Boorwater 3% obat lain yang steril di
dalam tempatnya Persiapan Kliean:
2. Semprit 20 ccsemprit mata khusus steril Klien diberitahukan dan disiapkan dalam
3. Kapas steril posisi duduk, kedua kepala miring ke arah
4. Perlak dan pengalas mata yang akan dicuci
5. Bengkok
6. handuk
Prosedur Pelaksanaan
Indikasi
Klien optitis media perforate (OMP), telinga yang tersumbat oleh kotoran, telinga kemasukan
benda asing
Persiapan alat
1. Semprit balon
2. Cairan /obat dalam tempatnya Prosedur
3. Bengkok kerja
4. Perlak dan pengalas
5. Handuk
lanjut di
6. Pinset bengkok (pinset telinga) SPO
7. Kapas
8. Sarung tangan bersih
Obat Tetes
Tindakan pemberian obat tetes melalui hidung
Hidung degan TUJUAN mengencerkan sekresi dan
memfasilitasi drainase hidung serta mengobati
infeksi pada rongga hidung dan sinus
Persipan alat
1. Botol obat dengan penates steri
2. Buku obat
3. Sarung tangan bersih jika perli
Prosedur pelaksanaan
1. Cek kembali pengobatan klien (prinsip 5 benar) dan pada hidung mana yang
akan diberikan
2. Siapkan klien (identifikasi klien, atur posiis klien (supinasi) dengan kepala
hiperekstensi diatas bantal (untuk mengobati sinus etmoid), atau posisi
supinasi dengan hiperekstensi dan miring ke samping (sinus maksilaris dan
frontal), bersihkan lubang hidung, gunkan sarung tanagn bila dicurigai ada
infeksi
3. Masukkan sejumlah obat yang tepat
4. Minta klien untuk tetap pada posisi ini Selma 1 menit
5. Kai respon klien dan jumlah pengeluaran, adanya ketiaknyamanan dan obat
telah bekerja
6. Rapikan alat
7. dokumentasikan
Obat tetes
vagina
Pemberian
Memberikan sejumlah obat ke dalam rektum
supositoria dalam bentuk supositoria dengan tujuan
melalui rektal memberikan efek pengobatan lokal maupun
sistemik serta melunakkan feses sehingga mudah
untuk dikeluarkan
Perispan alat
1. Karto obat Lanjut
2. Supositoria rektal SOP
3. Jeli pelimas
4. Sarung tangan bersih
5. tisu
Pemberian obat
Pemberian oabat/ pengobatan
melalui pernapasan melalui hidung (selaput lender
hidung dan saluran pernapasan)
dengan cara sbb:
1. Tetesan yaitu dengan cara
menetesakan oabt-obatan ke
dalam hidung
2. Inhalasi, memberikan zat/uap
yang mengandung obat tertentu
melalaui saluran pernapasn
dengan cara menghirup
Pemberian obat melalui selaput
lender saluran pencernaan
Malalui saluran
kemih
Melalui vagina
Mengumbah atau irigasi lambung
Yaitu mencuci lambung dengna cara memasukkan dan mengeluarkan cairan tertentu
malalui pipa lambung dan untuk menghilangkan racun serta membersihkan lambung
Persiapan alat
Indikasi 1. Pipa lambung dan mangkuk berisi air
1. Klien yang keracunan atau hangat
mengeluarkan obat-obatan 2. Corong
tertentu 3. Kom berisi air hangat
2. Persiapan operasi lambung 4. Bengkok,
3. Persiapan pemeriksaan 5. Ember
lambung 6. Perlak kecil dan pengalas, handuk
7. Pipa penyambung jika perlu
Prosedur Pelaksanaan
1. Atur posisi klien semi fowler
2. Pasang perlak dan pengalas di atas dada
3. Letakkan bengkok diawah dagu
4. Ember diletakkan dekat tempat tidur
5. Ukur selang
6. Pipa lambung diklem
7. Klien dianjurkan menjulurkan lidah sepanjang mungkin, supaya
ujung selang sampai di pangkal liah. Setelah itu klien dianjurkan
menelan, lalu menarik napas panjang
8. Selang dimasukkan dengan perlahan-lahan sampai batas ukuran
40-50 cm
9. Diperiksa apakah pipa betul-betul masuk lambug dengan cara memasukkan pangkalnya
ke dalam air
10. setelah selang masuk, anjurkan klien tidur miring tanpa bantal atau kepala lebih rendah
11. Pasang corong , air dituangkan sebanyak lebih kurang 500 cc tetapi sebelum habis
dituangkan , air yang masuk tadi dikeluarkan dan ditampung ke dalam ember/baskom
12. dilakukan berulang kali sampai air yang keluar sudah jernih
13. Rapihkan klien dan alat
Nott: bilas lambung tidak boleh dilakukan pada pasien dengan keadaan sbb:
1. Keracunan obat-obatan yang bersifat membakar, seperti kreolin, lisol, air keras
2. Varises esophagus
3. Tumor paru-paru
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