Sosiologi Penuaan dan

Gizi Kesehatan
Almira Sitasari, Poltekkes Kemenkes
Yogyakarta
GERONTOLOGY
Bidang sains yang mempelajari penuaan dan tantangannya :
bagaimana kehidupan kelompok tersebut mempengaruhi dan
dipengaruhi oleh kelompok sosial
Hari Lansia Nasional – 29 Mei
Population Pyramid
continued

Sumber : United Nations (2005)

4
FASE PENUAAN

Young-Old Middle-Old Old-Old

65-74 tahun 75-84 tahun > 85 tahun

Menurut Pusdatin Kemenkes RI (2014), Lansia yang menjadi sasaran program kesehatan :
1. Pra Lansia (45-59 tahun)
2. Lansia (60-69 tahun)
3. Lansia Risti (>70 tahun atau 60 tahun dengan masalah kesehatan)
Dimensi Penuaan

▰ Chronological ▰ Biological Aging ▰ Phsychological

Aging Penurunan fungsi sel Penurunan motivasi,
Tahun yang dibutuhkan dalam tubuh secara memori, daya tangkap
untuk menua (terhitung fisiologis
dari lahir) Dipengaruhi oleh
lingkungan : contohnya
gizi
 ▰ Social Ageing
Perubahan dalam cara
berinteraksi dalam
struktur sosial
 Place your screenshot here
Angka Kesakitan
Lansia
Negara dengan Lansia Terbanyak (WHO,
2015)
JEPANG

Implikasi dari Umur Harapan Hidup yang Implikasi Keberhasilan Program Pengendalian
Tinggi Penduduk
Perawatan kesehatan dikhususkan pada WHO (2015)
perawatan geriatri.
1. Impor perawat geriatri
2. Robot pembantu geriatri

1,5 bayi
YUNANI

▰ Uang pensiun hampir 1/3 dari seluruh uang yang beredar

Pengaruh Globalisasi dan Industrialisasi yang
Mempengaruhi Hak Lansia

▰ Industrialisasi – Family Land

▰ Female family members – Caring to aged family member
▰ Declining fertility – declining adult member to care aged
family
▰ Rural to urban migration
Hak Lansia (UN Principle for Older Person-
1991)

▰ Kebebasan
▰ Partisipasi
▰ Care
▰ Kehormatan
Succesful Aging

▰ Cara yang digunakan agar penuaan tidak menjadi beban : secara

fisik-sosial-mental
Cara Menilai “Social Well-Being” Seorang
Lansia

Kesehatan Fungsi Fisik Fungsi Kognitif

Kondisi kronis ADL MMSE

Self-rated Health IADL

AADL

Coping/Pertahanan Finansial Aktivitas

Bagaimana mengkontrol kejadian
ttt
Dengan cara : Sense of mastery
dengan menggunakan Pearlin
Mastery Scale
Dengan pertanyaan : Meliputi
1. Apakah sudah puas dengan 1. Aktifitas pastisipatif selama 1
income? tahun terakhir
2. Apakah sudah puas dengan 2. Olahraga : 2 minggu terakhir
standar hidup? (jam)
Cara Menilai “Social Well-Being” Seorang
Lansia

General Well-Being
1. Emosi : Dutch Version of
Center of Epidemiology
Depression Scale

2. Kepuasan Hidup : Apakah

puas?

3. Kesepian : De Jong Gierveld

Scale
Successful vs Active Aging
Terfokus pada bagaimana aging dapat berfokus pada masa
pensiun yang memberikan dampak pada sosial dan ekonomi,
bukan hanya “istirahat”
Untuk itu diperlukan :

▰ Social Support
▰ Social Network
▰ Social Engagement
▰ Social Isolation
Social Support

▰ Types of social support include:

1. emotional (including the presence of a close confidante),
2. instrumental (help with activities of daily living,
provided through labor or financial support)
3. appraisal (help with decision making)
4. informational (provision of information or advice)
Upaya Perbaikan Kesehatan dan Gizi untuk
Lansia

▰ Posyandu Lansia
Social Networks

▰ Social networks are the ties that link individuals and groups in
social relationships.
▰ Various characteristics can be measured, including size, density,
relationship quality, and composition
Klub Harley Davidson
Social engagement

▰ represents an individual’s participation in social, occupational, or

group activities, which may include formal organized activities such
as religious meetings, service groups, and clubs of all sorts. More
informal activities such as card groups, trips to the bingo hall, and
cultural outings to see concerts or galleries can also be considered
as social engagement.
▰ Volunteerism is often considered separately,but can also be seen as
an important measure of social engagement.
Klub-Klub Kegiatan dengan Anggota Lansia
Social isolation

▰ is another term that is encountered in the literature relating

social circumstances and health. It is related to ideas of
loneliness, reduced social and religious engagement, and
reduced access to social supports.
▰ It may also incorporate properties of the older person’s
environment, such as difficulty with transportation. As with
many other social factors, social isolation can be “subjective”
(as perceived by the older person themselves, e.g., loneliness) or
“objective” (based on outside measures or assessments by
others)
LIVING ALONE

▰ The high percentage of older people living alone reflects the

household changes resulting from:
1. death of a spouse (or their entry into long term care) and
Changing family structures
2. the trend for older people and adult children to live
independently.
3. transformations of cultural values, as reflected in higher
incomes, better health, lower fertility rates, and a growing
preference for privacy.
 ▰ The disadvantages
• It can be challenging in the areas of access to health care, social
interaction, and meeting one’s daily needs.
• The disadvantages of elderly people living alone range from their
safety and health to their psychological well-being.
 ▰ Negative outcomes
• Increased risk and complications of falls
• Dehydration
• Hyponatremia • Malnutrition
• Infections
• Physical injuries
• Worsening of symptoms of diseases (unnoticed) • Non compliance •
Loneliness • Depression • sleep problems • Use more formal home-
care services • Higher mortality
Masalah Lansia
terkait Gizi
Perubahan yang Dialami Lansia

1 • Fisiologis
• Sosio-
2 Psikologis
 PERUBAHAN FISIOLOGIS

Masalah gigi geligi

Gangguan syaraf dan otot

Gangguan pendengaran
dan penglihatan
Continued
Continued
Sosio-psikologis
Continued
Continued
Nutrition Screening Initiatives (NSI)

▰ Mengetahui resiko terkait malnutrisi dalam

berbagai macam setting
▰ DALAM SETTING RUMAH
SAKIT/KLINIS TERDAPAT BERBAGAI
MACAM METODE YANG LEBIH BAIK
Terima Kasih