2

Diagram 2(a) and diagram 2(b) show the experiment carried out to compare the elasticity of rubber
band M and rubber band N.
Rajah 2(a) dan rajah 2(b) menunjukkan eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekenyalan
getah M dan getah N.

Rubber band N
Jalur getah N

Rubber band M
Jalur getah M

Weight
Pemberat

200g

Weight
Pemberat

200g
DIAGRAM 2(a)
Rajah 2(a)

(a)

DIAGRAM 2(b)
Rajah 2(b)

Write one observation for the above experiment?

Tuliskan satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas?
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b)

Write one inference for the observation stated in 3(a)

Tuliskan satu inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian di 3(a).
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

The result of the experiment is shown in Diagram 2(c).

Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2(c).

The Length of rubber band

Panjang jalur getah
20
18

Rubber band M
Jalur getah M

16
Rubber band N
Jalur getah N

14

4
12

2
10
200

400

600

800

Weight (Pemberat (g))

DIAGRAM 2(c)
RAJAH 2(c)
(c)

State one fixed variable for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu pembolehubah yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d)

(i)

What is the relationship between length and load?

Apakah hubungan antara panjang dengan pemberat?
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Rubber band N is vulcanised rubber. What is meant by vulcanised rubber based on this
experiment (definition by operation).
Getah N adalah getah tervulkan. Nyatakan maksud bagi getah tervulkan berdasarkan eksperimen
ini (definisi secara operasI)
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Diagram 4(a) and 4(b) show an experiment to study the different characteristic of natural rubber M with vulcanized
rubber N.
Rajah 4(a) dan 4 (b) menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji perbezaan sifat getah asli M dengan
getah tervulkan N.
Length with weight
Panjang semasa digantung pemberat

Length without weight

Panjang selepas pemberat
dikeluarkan

Rajah 4(a)(ii)

Diagram 4(b)(ii)

The result are recorded in Table 4.

Keputusan yang diperolehi dicatatkan dalam Jadual 4
Length of rubber
Panjang getah
Initial length
Panjang asal
Length with weight 200 gm
Panjang semasa digantung
pemberat 200gm
Length without weight
Panjang selepas pemberat
dikeluarkan

Natural rubber M
Getah asli M

Vulcanized rubber N
Getah tervulkan N

8.0 cm

8.0 cm

10.0 cm

8.3 cm
8.0 cm

DIAGRAM 4
JADUAL 4
(a)

Based on the above experiment, complete Table 4

Berdasarkan eksperimen di atas, lengkapkan Jadual 4
[1 mark]

(b)

State one hypothesis for the above experiment

Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen di atas
........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c)

State the responding variable in this experiment

Nyatakan pembolehubah bergerakbalas dalam eksperimen ini
........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d)

State how to control the constant variable

Nyatakan bagaimana untuk mengawal pembolehubah dimalarkan

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e)

Predict the length of vulcanized rubber N if weight 250 gm is used

Ramalkan panjang getah tervulkan N jika pemberat yang digunakan berjisim 250 gm

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Diagram 4 shows the experiment of coagulation of latex.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan eksperimen penggumpalan lateks.
Latex + ethanoic acid
Lateks + asid etanoik

Beaker A
Bikar A

Latex
Lateks

Beaker B
Bikar B

Diagram 4
Rajah 4
Table 3 shows the result of the experiment.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.
Beaker
Bikar
Beaker A
Bikar A

Substance
Bahan
Latex + ethanoic acid
Lateks + asid etanoik

Beaker A
Bikar B

Latex
Lateks

The time duration of coagulation of latex (minute)

Tempoh penggumpalan susu getah (minit)
2
45

Table 3
Jadual 3
(a)

State one hypothesis in this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b)

State one inference based on the observation in beaker B.

Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian pada bikar B.
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c)

What is the responding variable in this experiment ?

Apakah pembolehubah bergerakbalas eksperimen ini?
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d)

How to fix the constant variable in this experiment ?

Bagaimanakah pembolehubah yang dimalarkan ditetapkan dalam eksperimen ini?

...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e)

Predict what happens if latex is mixed with alkali ?

Ramalkan apakah yang terjadi kepada lateks jika dicampurkan dengan alkali?
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

Diagram 4 shows an experiment to compare the effect of acid and alkali on latex.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kesan asid dan alkali ke atas
lateks.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4
The result are as shown in Table 4.
Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4.
Set of the experiment
Set eksperimen

Observation
Pemerhatian

Latex coagulated
Lateks menggumpal

Latex does not coagulate

Lateks tidak menggumpal

Latex coagulated
Lateks menggumpal

Table 4
Jadual 4

(a)

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

(b)

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
State the variables in this experiment.
Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.
(i)

Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan

(ii)

Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c)

Based on this experiment, what causes latex in beaker C to coagulate ?

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, apakah yang menyebabkan lateks dalam bikar C
menggumpal?

[1 markah]

(d)

After one day, excess hydrochloric acid is added to the beaker in Set B.
What observation can be made about the latex?
Selepas satu hari, asid hidroklorik berlebihan di tambah ke dalam bikar dalam
Set B. Apakah pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat mengenai lateks ini ?

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

Two processes are shown in Diagram 8 .

Dua proses ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.
process X
proses X
W

+ yeast
+ yis

ethanol
etanol

process Y
proses Y
+ organic acid
+ asid organik

Z + water
Z + air

Diagram 8
Rajah 8
(a) What are process X and Y?
Apakah proses X dan Y?
X: .........................................................................................................................................
Y: .........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Name substance W and Z.
Namakan bahan W dan Z.
W: ........................................................................................................................................
Z: .........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) Give one physical characteristic of ethanol.
Berikan satu ciri fizikal etanol.
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(d) State one usage of substance Z in industry.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan bahan Z dalam industri.
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

9.

Diagram 9 shows two structures of plastic.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan dua struktur plastik.

Plastic P
Plastik P

Plastic Q
Plastik Q

Diagram 9
Rajah 9
(a) Name the type of plastic P and Q.
Namakan jenis plastik P dan Q.
P: .........................................................................................................................................
Q: .........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Give one example of plastic Q.
Beri satu contoh plastik Q.
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c) (i) Which type of plastic has higher heat resistance?
Manakah jenis plastik yang lebih tahan haba?

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Give reason for your answer in c(i).
Berikan alasan untuk jawapan anda di c(i).

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(d) State one method on how to manage plastic thrash.
Nyatakan satu kaedah bagaimana menguruskan sampah-sarap plastik.
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

10

Study the following statement :

Kaji pernyataan berikut:
A most suitable pH value is required for the growth of microorganisms.
Suatu nilai pH yang paling sesuai adalah perlu bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisma.

(a)

Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement.

Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk mengkaji pernyataan di atas.

(b)

Using a beaker of drain water, three culturing loops, three Petri dishes of nutrient agar
and other apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate your hypothesis based on
the following criteria :
Dengan menggunakan sebikar air longkang, tiga gelung dawai pengkultur, tiga
piring Petri berisi agar nutrien dan peralatan yang lain, huraikan satu eksperimen
untuk mengkaji hipotesis anda berdasarkan kriteria berikut :
(i)

Aim of the experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Identification of variables

Mengenalpasti pembolehubah

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iii) List of material and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(iv) Procedure
Prosedur

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(v) Tabulation of data

Penjadualan data

[1 mark]
[1 markah]