Oleh:

Dimas Rahadian AM, S.TP. M.Sc

Email: rahadiandimas@yahoo.com
JURUSAN ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
Integrated Palm Oil Process Chain Management
Oil Palm Seed Production
Oil Palm Plantation
Palm Oil Mill
Palm Oil Refinery
UP-STREAM MID-STREAM DOWN-STREAM
PRINSIP PENGOLAHAN SAWIT
Sterilisasi tandan buah segar (TBS)
Pelepasan buah dari tandan
Pengepresan buah untuk mendapatkan minyak
Penjernihan minyak
Pemisahan serat dan biji
Pemecahan biji
Pemisahan inti dan cangkang
UTILITAS
Penyediaan uap (steam)
Pembangkitan listrik
Pengolahan air
Pengelalaan limbah
PRODUK
CPO
INTI SAWIT
PEMANENAN....
PENGANGKUTAN....
PENERIMAAN BUAH....
LOADING RAMP....
Tujuan :
Enzim FFA
Pelepasan buah
Preparasi mesokarp
Preconditioning kernel
Mesin :
Horizontal vessels P 3 kg cm
-2 ;
T 143
0
C ; t under
steam 60 min
PEREBUSAN / STERILISASI....
Gambar 3.1. Skema alat Sterilizer tipe horizontal
a. pipa saluran uap masuk; b. Manometer;
c. pintu masuk; d. pintu keluar; e. Lori; f. kran afblas
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Triple Peak Sterilization
14'
12'
2'
11'
2'
45'
4'
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
T
e
k
a
n
a
n

s
t
e
a
m

(
k
g
/
c
m
2
)
Waktu (menit)
Kurva Perebusan Tiga Puncak
Steam
2,3
2,5
2,8
Shaking and beating (hentakan)
buah lepas dari tandan
Mesin: Drum horizontal
= 1,8 2 m; l = 3 5 m;
rotasi = 20 25 rpm
PELEPASAN BUAH DARI TANDAN...
Tromol pemipil
Tempat
pengeluaran
tandan kosong
Tempat masuknya
tandan buah kelapa
sawit dari feeder
Tujuan :
digest mesocarps cells
Reheat
Loosen pericarp-nuts
Mesin :Silinder vertikal
Dilengkapi pisau pengaduk
T 95 100
0
C;
waktu operasi 20 min
PENGHANCURAN...
Diges
ter
Hasil pengepresan :
minyak (66%) ; air (24%); padatan tersuspensi (10%)
Sisa pengepresan :
cake : serabut, biji
PENGEPRESAN...
MINYAK (66%), AIR (24%) DAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI (10%)
Dilution with water
Screening
Settling
Vacuum drying
Cooling
Storage
OIL
mc 0.1-0.2%; Impurities <0.02%
PENJERNIHAN MINYAK...
PEMURNIAN MINYAK MENTAH (Refining)
Menghilangkan impurities yang tidak berguna, mempertahankan
minor components yang berguna dan mendapatkan trigliserida
sebanyak mungkin namun tetap ekonomis
Degumming penghilangan gum
Netralisasi penghilangan asam lemak bebas (FFA)
Bleaching penghilangan warna
Deodorisasi penghilangan bau
FLOWCHART PABRIK MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT
PT. Letawa Ltd.
Sterilizer (4 unit)
Transfer Carriage (2 unit)
Loading
Ramp @ 12 doors
Hanging
bridge
Condensat Pit
Blowdown
Chamber
Blowoff
Silencer
Main Steam
Auxiliary Steam
Condensat
Exhaust
Capstan
Dilution Pump
Sludge Pit
Effluent Pump
Thresher (3 unit)
HEB Conv.
IEB Conv.
Under Thresher Conv.
Auto Feeder
Hoisting Crane (3 unit)
HEB Conv.
Incinerator
Fruit
Elevator
Bottom
Cross
Conv.
Top
Cross
Conv.
Distributing Conveyor
Digester
Screw Press
Cake Breaker Conveyor
Polishing
Drum
Oil Gutter
Vibrating Screen (4 unit)
Crude Oil Tank
CO Pump
Sand
Cyclone
Sand Settling
Tank
Sludge Desanding
Pump
Sludge
Tank
WetOil
Tank
Clarifier
Tank
Clarifier
Tank
Recycling
Tank
Oil Recycling Pump
Distributing Tank
Sludge
Buffer
Tank
Purifier (4 unit)
Sludge Centrifuge (7 unit)
Collecting
Tank
Oil
Collecting
Pump
Oil Storage
Tank No.1
Oil Storage
Tank No.2
Oil Despatch Pump
Dry Oil Pump
Wet Oil Pump
Float
Tank
Vacuum Pump
Vacuum
Drier
Sand Trap
Tank
Kernel
Hopper
Shell
Hopper
Fiber Shell Conv.
Fuel Dist.
Conv.
Water Tube
Boiler 18t/h(Mechmar-2 unit);
Boiler 20 t/h(Atmindo-1 unit)
Steam Turbine
650 kW (3 unit)
Back Pressure Vessel (BPV)
Shell Conveyor
Kernel Distr.
Conveyor
Kernel Disch.
Conveyor
Winnowing Fan
Kernel Sorting Belt Conv.
Kernel Drier No. 1
Kernel Drier No. 2
Kernel Despatch
Conveyor
Kernel Despatch
Hopper
KD. Fan 1.1 KD. Fan 1.2
KD. Fan 2.2 KD. Fan 2.1
Hidrosiklon
Kernel
Pump
Shell
Pump
Kernel Conv.
Kernel Silo 1 Kernel Silo 2
Kernel
Storage
Elevator
Storage Chain Conveyor
Despatch Chain Conveyor
Kernel
Desp.
Elevator
DESPATCH CPO DESPATCH KERNEL
Depericarper
Fan
LTDS 1 Fan
LTDS 2 Fan
CM Polishing
Drum
Vibrating
Grate
LTDS 1
Cyclone
LTDS 2
Cyclone
Secondary
Dep. Fan
Sec. Dep.
Cyclone
Depericarper
Cyclone
Wet
Kernel
Conv.
Wet Shell
Conv.
Wet
Kernel
Elevator
Wet
Shell
Elevator
Nut Hopper
Nut
Basculator
Ripple
Mill
CM Conveyor
CM
Elevator
Kernel
Basculator
Incl. Nut Conveyor
KEBUN
Transport
Weigh Bridge
Anaerobic
Pond 1
Anaerobic
Pond 2
Anaerobic
Pond 3
Anaerobic
Pond 4
Mixing
Pond 1
Mixing
Pond 2
Mixing
Pond 3
Mixing
Pond 4
Cooling
Pond 1
Cooling
Pond 2
Contact
Pond 1
Contact
Pond 2
Aerobic
Pond
ke Land Aplikasi
Domestic
Hydrant
Deaerator
Softener
SWT
Clarifier Tank
Water Tank
Sand
Settling
Feed Water
Pump
Gravity Sand Filter
S. Rokan
Raw Water Pump
Ke Concrete Bak
Turbine Cooler Pump
Ke Hot Water Tank
Copyright : Management Trainee Factory Assistant 2000
Brush
Strainer
Sludge
Basculator
Genset
250 kW (2 unit)
150 kW (1 unit)
ke Sterilizer
ke Proses
Sand
Settling
S
t
e
a
m
2
0
k
P
a

S
t
e
a
m
3
k
P
a
Bollard
Lorry 105 unit
Deaerasi
Mulching
NOT USED
Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng...
Keadaan ; bau dan rasa normal
Kadar air maksimal 0,3 persen
Kadar asam lemak bebas maksimal 0,3
persen sebagai asam laurat
Kadar kotoran maksimal 0,05 persen.
Bilangan peroksida maksimal 5 mg oks/gr
sampeljumlah meq oksigen yang terdapat
pada 100 g minyak.
Bilangan penyabunan 255-265
Bilangan Iodium 8-10