Hydrawati Sari
Menstruasi Normal
Siklus
21-35 hari
Lama: 4-6 hari; 30 ml
Remaja
Siklus relatif lebih panjang, selama 5-7 tahun
setelah menarche
40s : siklus memanjang lagi
Menstruasi Abnormal
Siklus
Terminologi
Descriptive Term
Pola perdarahan
Menorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Menometorrhagia
Hypermenorrhea
Polymenorrhea
Oligomenorrhea
Siklus memanjang
sistemik
Hepar, ginjal, koagulopati
Infeksi
Servisitis, endometritis
Iatrogenik/obat-obat
IUD, hormon
cycles, hipotiroid,
hiperprolaktinemia, Cushings, PCOS,
disfungsi adrenal, stress
Keganasan
Serviks, endometrium, ovarium
Tumor jinak
Polip, leiomioma, adenomiosis
AMENORRHEA
Tidak
terjadinya menstruasi
Primary amenorrhea
Tidak
ATAU
Etiology of Amenorrhea
Primary
Gangguan pada gonad (Gonadal failure
(43%))
Congenital absence of uterus and
vagina(15%)
Pertumbuhan terlambat(14%)
Secondary
Anovulasi kronik (39%)
Hypothyroidism /hyperprolactinemia(20%)
BB
/anorexia(16%)
Constitutional delay
Secondary sexual
characteristics absent
Hypopituitarism
Hyperprolactinaemia
Hypothyroidism
Androgen-secreting tumour
5-Alpha-reductase deficiency
Turner's syndrome
Constitutional delay
46XY
Laparoskopi harus dilakukan utk mencari kmk testis dlm rongga perut
Imperforate hymen
Primary amenorrhea
breasts have
developed
vagina
yes
no
Pubic hair
yes
no
no
+
congenital uterovaginal complete androgen Estrogenized
agenesis
insensitivity
imperforate hymen
syndrome (CAIS)
complete transverse
high
vaginal septum
Chromosome
Analysis
abnormal ovaries
FSH Level
low
Amenore Sekunder
Tidak terjadinya menstruasi selama 6 bulan
pada wanita yang sebelumnya memiliki siklus
menstruasi yang normal atau 12 bulan pada
wanita yang memiliki siklus menstruasi ireguler
insidensi
History
Galactorrhea
hot flashes, breast atrophy and decreased libido
Certain medications
A large amount of weight loss or gain
Anorexia nervosa
Cushing's disease and hypothyroidism
Sheehan's syndrome
Asherman's syndrome
Amenorrhea following cervical conization
Following discontinuation of oral contraception
Pemeriksaan Fisik
-ve Preg.test
TSH ,PROLACTIN,
Prog.challenge test
without withdrawal
bleeding
withdrawal
bleeding
hypoestrogenic
anovulation
+ve.est,progest
challenge test
compromised
outflow tract.
-ve.est,progest
challenge test
2wk
FSH norm.
Repeat+serum
,est.level
hypothalamicpituitary failure
Normal FSH
FSH>30-40
repeat
HSG OR hysteroscopy
asherman
POF
Etiology of secondary
amenorrhoea
Pemeriksaan
Riwayat
Kehamilan
Gejala yg menyertai, e.g. galactorrhoea, hirsutism, hot
flushes, vagina kering, symptoms penyakit tiroid
Perubahan BB
Level of exercise
Riwayat menstruasi sebelumnya
Pembedahan sebelumnya, e.g. endometrial curettage,
oophorectomy
Radioterapi
Pemakaian obat-obatan, e.g. progestogens, combined oral
contraceptive, chemotherapy
Pemeriksaan
Pemeriksaan
Cushing's syndrome
Gambaran:
autoimmune
disease
it is prudent to screen
for thyroid, parathyroid,
and adrenal dysfunction
Laboratory evidence of
autoimmune phenomenon is much
more prevalent than clinically
significant disease
Hyperprolactinaemia
Weight-related amenorrhoea
Post-pill' amenorrhoea
Progestogen-associated amenorrhoea
PUD
Perdarahan uterus yg abnormal
tanpa disertai kelainan organik
Evaluasi:
Early Reproductive
Years/Adolescent
Ax
Skrining
Labs:
Darah
Evaluasi:
Wanita usia reproduksi
hCG,
LH/FSH, CBC
U/S
Hysteroscopy
Biopsi
endometrium
Evaluasi :
Wanita postmenopause
FSH/LH?
Transvaginal
U/S
Biopsi endoometrium
Hysteroscopy dgn
sampling endometrium
Management Options:
NSAIDs
Antifibrinolytics
Progestins
Estrogen
OCs
Surgical
Progestins: mekanisme
kerja
Menghambat
perumbuhan endometrium
Menghambat sintesis reseptor estrogen
Membantu konversi estradiol estrone
Menghambat LH
Menstimulasi pembentukan asam arakidonat
Surgical Options:
Laser
ablation
Thermal ablation
Resection
Hysterectomy
Thank you