Peperiksaan Pertengahan Tahun Biology Tingkatan 4 Kertas 2
Peperiksaan Pertengahan Tahun Biology Tingkatan 4 Kertas 2
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) Based on the given model, identify the cell components labelled P, Q, R and S.
Berdasarkan pada model yang diberi, kenal pasti komponen sel berlabel P, Q,
R, dan S.
[4 marks/markah]
(b) (i) On Diagram 1, label a cell component which has the following properties.
Pada Rajah 1, labelkan komponen sel yang mempunyai ciri-ciri berikut.
It is a rod-shaped organelle with two membranes.
Organel berbentuk rod dengan dua membran.
Its size ranges from 1 to 10 m.
Saiznya berukuran di antara 1 hingga 10 m.
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) What is the function of the cell component labelled in (b)i?
Apakah fungsi komponen sel yang dilabel di (b)i?
__________________________________________________________________
[2 mark/markah]
(iii) It is found that a human male sex cell has a larger number of the organelle labelled
in (b)i. than a human somatic cell. Give an explanation for this.
Didapati bahawa sel seks jantan manusia mempunyai bilangan organel yang
berlabel di (b)i. yang banyak berbanding sel soma manusia. Berikan penerangan
tentang hal ini.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(c) Based on your answer in (a), Berdasarkan pada jawapan kamu di (a),
(i) suggest the function of the part labelled S. cadangkan fungsi struktur berlabel S.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) name the component in S that helps to conduct the function which you have
suggested in (c)i.
nyatakan komponen dalam S yang membantu untuk menjalankan fungsi yang
kamu cadangkan di (c)i.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(d) Name the process whereby unspecialised cells become specialised for particular
functions.
Namakan proses dimana sel yang tidak spesifik menjadi spesifik bagi fungsi yang
tertentu.
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(e) Give an example of the process which you have named in (d).
Berikan satu contoh proses yang kamu namakan di (d).
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
2. A green mustard stem is cut longitudinally into four equal strips as shown in
Diagram 2.
Batang sawi dipotong secara menegak kepada empat jaluran yang sama saiz seperti
dalam Rajah 2.
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
Three of the strips are placed in solutions X, Y and Z respectively.
Tiga daripada jaluran tersebut diletakkan di dalam larutan X, Y dan Z secara individu.
[2 marks/markah]
ii. Explain your answer in (c)ii. Jelaskan jawapan anda di (c)ii.
________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
3.Diagram 3 shows the action of an enzyme on a substrate.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan tindakan suatu enzim terhadap substrat.
Diagram 3 / Rajah 3
(a) What does X in Diagram 3 represent? Apakah yang diwakili oleh X pada Rajah 3?
__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b)State two properties of enzymes which are shown in Diagram above.
Nyatakan dua sifat enzim yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah di atas.
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(c) State two other properties of enzymes which are not shown in Diagram 5.
Nyatakan dua lagi sifat enzim yang tidak ditunjukkan pada Rajah 5.
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(d)The explanation of the action of an enzyme on a substrate as shown in Diagram 3 above is
based on a hypothesis. What is this hypothesis called?
Huraian tentang tindakan suatu enzim terhadap substrat seperti yang ditunjukkan pada
Rajah 3 di atas adalah berdasarkan pada satu hipotesis. Apakah hipotesis itu?
__________________________________________________________________________
4
[1 mark/1 markah]
(e) Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction
catalysed by pepsin.
Rajah 4 ialah satu graf yang menunjukkan kesan suhu terhadap kadar tindak balas yang
dimangkinkan oleh pepsin.
Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
(i) What is the temperature, t, which is shown in Diagram 4?
Apakah suhu, t, yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 4?
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in (e)(i). Huraikan jawapan anda di (e)(i).
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(iii) Why is there no reaction at 60C?
Mengapakah tiada tindak balas pada suhu 60C?
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(f) Pepsin is found in the gastric juice which is secreted by the stomach. What is the optimum
pH for the action of pepsin?
Pepsin ditemui dalam jus gaster yang dirembes oleh perut. Apakah pH optimum bagi
tindakan pepsin?
__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
Diagram 5 / Rajah 5
(a)i. State the phases for interphase. Nyatakan fasa-fasa bagi interfasa.
_______________________________________________________________________
_
[3 mark/markah]
ii.Name phases J, K and L.
Namakan fasa-fasa J, K, dan L.
J: ______________________________________________________________________
K: ______________________________________________________________________
L: ______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(b)Stages I, II, III and IV are included in the M-phase. Match the stages with the descriptions.
Peringkat I, II, III, dan IV terdapat dalam fasa M. Padankan peringkat-peringkat ini dengan
penerangannya.
[4 marks/markah]
i. Name stage V.
Diagram 6 / Rajah 6
Namakan peringkat V.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
ii. Based on Diagram 6 explain how stage V occurs in a plant cell.
Berdasarkan Rajah 6, terangkan bagaimana peringkat V berlaku dalam sel tumbuhan.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
5.Diagram 7 below shows four stages of mitosis in an animal cell.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan empat peringkat mitosis di dalam sel haiwan.
Diagram 7 / Rajah 7
(a)i. Arrange the stages in Diagram 7 according to the correct sequence of the mitotic process.
Susun peringkat pada Rajah 7 mengikut susunan peringkat mitosis yang betul.
[1 mark/markah]
ii. Name the stages labelled W to Z.
W: _____________________________________________________________________
X: _____________________________________________________________________
Y: _____________________________________________________________________
Z: _____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(b)Name the type of cells in humans where mitosis takes place.
Namakan jenis sel di dalam manusia yang berlakunya mitosis.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(c)Give three examples of cells named in (b).
1. _________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(d)Give two significance of mitosis.
1.__________________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________________
[4 marks/markah]
Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks / markah]
Answer any two questions from this section.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.
6.
7.
(a)(i)
Wha
t is
an
enzy
me?
Apa
kah
enzi
m?
[2
mar
ks/2
mar
kah]
(ii)Discuss the general characteristics of enzymes.
Bincangkan ciri-ciri umum enzim.
[8 marks/8 markah]
(b) Explain how enzymes are synthesised in the cells.
Terangkan bagaimana enzim disintesis di dalam sel.
[10 marks/10 markah]
Diagram 8 shows three different types of cells. Rajah 8 menunjukkan tiga jenis sel.
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
(a) i. Name the cells labelled X, Y and Z in Diagram 8 above.
9
Diagram 9 / Rajah 9
(a) What is the function of red blood cells? Apakah fungsi sel darah merah?
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Explain what happens when red blood cells are immersed in...
Huraikan apa yang berlaku apabila sel darah merah direndam dalam...
(i) a hypotonic solution, larutan hipotonik,
[3 marks/3 markah]
(ii) an isotonic solution, larutan isotonik,
[3 marks/3 markah]
(iii)a hypertonic solution. larutan hipertonik.
[3 marks/3 markah]
(c) Diagram 10 shows a plant cell. Rajah 10 menunjukkan sel tumbuhan.
Diagram 10 / Rajah 10
Explain what happens when plant cells are immersed in...
10
(a)
Explain the importance of water in cells. Terangkan kepentingan air di dalam sel.
[8 marks/markah]
(b) i. Describe the structure of nucleic acid. Terangkan struktur asid nukleik.
[10 marks/markah]
ii. State two importances of nucleic acids in cells.
Nyatakan dua kepentingan asid nukleik di dalam sel.
[2 marks/markah]
11