SMK DATUK MANSOR

CHEMISTRY
Paper 3
Name:

Chapter : Chemical Formulae and Equation

Class :

1.

Time :
Marks :

An experiment is carried out to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide by using hydrogen as shown
in Diagram (a).
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum oksida dengan menggunakan
hidrogen seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah (a).

Diagram (a)/Rajah (a)

The steps of weighing are shown in the Diagram (b).
Langkah-langkah penimbangan ditunjukkan dalam Rajah (b).

Diagram (b)/Rajah (b)

(a) Write a problem statement for the experiment.
Tuliskan pernyataan masalah untuk eksperimen itu.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(b) Write a balanced equation to show how hydrogen gas is produced.
Tuliskan persamaan seimbang untuk menunjukkan bagaimana gas hidrogen dihasilkan.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
1

(c) Based on the diagram, record each of the following readings to two decimals places:
Berdasarkan rajah itu, catatkan setiap bacaan berikut sehingga ke dua titik perpuluhan:
The mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper: _________ g
Jisim tabung pembakaran + kertas asbestos: _________ g
The mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper oxide before heating:
_________ g
Jisim tabung pembakaran + kertas asbestos + kuprum oksida sebelum dipanaskan: _________ g
The mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper when cooled after heating: _________ g
Jisim tabung pembakaran + kertas asbestos + kuprum apabila disejukkan selepas dipanaskan: _______ g
[3 marks/markah]
(d) Construct a table that can be used to record the data from the experiment.
Bina satu jadual yang dapat digunakan untuk merekod data daripada eksperimen.

[3 marks/markah]
(e) State two observations made in this experiment.
Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang dibuat dalam eksperimen ini.
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(f) Calculate the following:
Hitungkan yang berikut:
i. the mass of copper in the copper oxide,
Jisim kuprum dalam kuprum oksida,
ii. the mass of oxygen in the copper oxide
Jisim oksigen dalam kuprum oksida
[2 marks/markah]
(g) State the empirical formula of copper oxide.
Nyatakan formula empirik untuk kuprum oksida.
[Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64; O = 16]
[Jisim atom relatif: Cu = 64; O = 16]
[3 marks/markah]
(h) Based on the empirical formula obtained in (g), write a chemical equation for the reaction. Include the
physical state of each substance involved.
Berdasarkan formula empirik yang didapati dalam (g), tuliskan satu persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas
itu. Masukkan keadaan fizikal bagi setiap bahan yang terlibat.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(i) State the operational definition for empirical formula.
Nyatakan definisi operasi untuk formula empirik.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2

[1 mark/markah]
(j) i. Why is this experiment not suitable for determining the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?
Mengapa eksperimen ini tidak sesuai untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida?
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
ii. Suggest another reaction which can be used to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide.
Cadangkan tindak balas lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II)
oksida.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
2.

Your explanation must include the following:

Penerangan anda haruslah mengandungi perkara-perkara yang berikut:
(a) Problem statement
Penyataan masalah
(b) All the variables
Semua pemboleh ubah
(c) Statement of hypothesis
Penyataan hipotesis
(d) List of substances and apparatus
Senarai bahan dan radas
(e) Procedure for the experiment
Prosedur eksperimen
(f) Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data
[17 marks/17 markah]
Jawapan
1.(a) How to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide? [3 m]
(b) Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 [3 m]
(c) 15.40, 19.40, 18.60 [3 m]
(d)

(e) 1. Black solid turns to brown. [1 m]

3

2. A colourless liquid is formed at the end of combustion tube. [1 m]

(f) i. 18.60 15.40 = 3.2 g
ii. 19.40 18.60 = 0.8 g
[2 m]
(g)

= 0.05 mole of copper combined with

= 0.05 mole of oxygen atom. [1 m]

Therefore, 1 mole of copper atom combined with = 1 mol of oxygen atom. [1 m]

Empirical formula of copper oxide is CuO [1 m]
(h) CuO(s) + O2 (g) Cu (s) + H2O(l) [2 m]
(i) The empirical formula is a chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number
of atoms for each element in the compound. [1 m]
(j) i. Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen. [1 m]
ii. Reduction of copper(II) oxide by flow of hydrogen gas. [1 m]
2.(a) Problem statement: How to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?
(b) Manipulated variable: Quantity of oxygen
Constant variable: Type of metal
Responding variable: Mass of magnesium oxide formed/empirical formula of
magnesium oxide
(c) The empirical formula of magnesium oxide can be determined by finding out the mass
of magnesium and oxygen in a sample of magnesium oxide.
(d) Substance: Magnesium tape
Apparatus: Crucible and lid, tripod stand, weighing balance, clay-pipe triangle
(e) Procedures:
The crucible and the lid is weighed and the mass is recorded.
The magnesium tape that is cleaned with sandpaper is coiled and placed in the
crucible with the lid and weighed again.
The crucible without the lid filled with magnesium tape is heated slowly and then
strongly on top of the clay-pipe triangle and tripod stand.
As soon as the magnesium tape burnt, the crucible is closed with its lid and followed
with a strong heating and open once in a while but make sure that the white fume
does not escape.
When magnesium burnt completely, the lid is opened and continued with strong
heating, then left to cool to room temperature and the crucible with its lid and
contents are weighed again.
The heating, cooling and weighing steps are repeated until a constant mass is
obtained.
(f)