The once great city of Babylon, where the Jews were held captive Kota itu besar sekali
Babel, di mana orang-orang Yahudi ditawan
for 70 years, became a symbol of power, materialism, and cruelty. selama 70 tahun,
menjadi simbol kekuasaan, materialisme, dan kekejaman.
The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient land of Babylonia in southern
Mesopotamia. Kota Babel adalah ibukota tanah kuno Babilonia di Mesopotamia selatan.
It was situated on the Euphrates River about 50 miles south of modern Baghdad, just
north of what is now the modern Iraqi town of al-Hillah. Itu terletak di Sungai Efrat
sekitar 50 mil selatan Baghdad modern, di utara yang sekarang Irak modern kota al-
Hillah.
The tremendous wealth and power of this city, along with its monumental size and
appearance, were certainly considered a Biblical myth, that is, until its foundations were
unearthed and its riches substantiated during the 19th century. Archaeologists stood in
awe as their discoveries revealed that certain stories in the Bible were an actual situation
that had happened in time. Kekayaan luar biasa dan kekuatan kota ini, bersama dengan
ukuran yang monumental dan penampilan, jelas-jelas dianggap sebagai mitos Alkitab,
yaitu, sampai fondasinya digali dan kekayaannya terbukti pada abad ke-19. Arkeolog
berdiri takjub sebagai penemuan mereka mengungkapkan bahwa cerita tertentu dalam
Alkitab adalah sebuah situasi yang sebenarnya yang terjadi dalam
waktu.
The Bible reveals much about the Babylonians all the way back from the time of
Hammurapi (2000 BC) to the fall of Babylon (about 500 BC). Alkitab mengungkapkan
banyak hal tentang orang Babel sepanjang perjalanan kembali dari waktu Hammurapi
(2000 SM) untuk jatuhnya Babel (sekitar 500 SM). Throughout the Old Testament there
are references to the Babylonians, their people, culture, religion, military power, etc.
Sepanjang Perjanjian Lama ada referensi ke Babel, mereka orang-orang, budaya, agama,
kekuatan militer, dll
Babylonia was a long, narrow country about 40 miles wide at its widest point and having
an area of about 8,000 square miles. Babilonia adalah sempit, negara yang panjang
sekitar 40 mil lebar pada titik terlebar dan memiliki luas sekitar 8.000 mil persegi. It was
bordered on the north by Assyria, on the east by Elam, on the south and west by the
Arabian desert, and on the southeast by the Persian Gulf. Itu dibatasi di utara oleh Asyur,
di timur oleh Elam, di sebelah selatan dan barat oleh Arab gurun, dan di tenggara Teluk
Persia.
The earliest known inhabitants of Mesopotamia were the Sumerians, whom the Bible
refers to as the people of the "land of Shinar" (Gen 10:10). Penduduk yang diketahui
paling Mesopotamia adalah Sumeria, yang Alkitab sebut sebagai orang-orang dari tanah
"dari Sinear" (Kej 10:10). Sargon, from one of the Sumerian cities, united the people of
Babylonia under his rule about 2300 BC Many scholars believe that Sargon might have
been the same person as Nimrod (Gen 10:8). Sargon, dari salah satu kota Sumeria,
bersatu masyarakat Babilonia di bawah pemerintahannya sekitar 2300 SM Banyak
sarjana percaya bahwa Sargon mungkin orang yang sama seperti Nimrod (Kej 10:8).
Around 626 BC, Babylonian independence was finally won from Assyria by a leader
named Nabopolassar. Sekitar 626 SM, Babilonia kemerdekaan dari Asyur akhirnya
dimenangkan oleh seorang pemimpin bernama Nabopolassar. Under his leadership,
Babylonia again became the dominant imperial power in the Near East and thus entered
into her "golden age." Di bawah kepemimpinannya, Babilonia lagi menjadi kekuatan
kekaisaran yang dominan di Timur Dekat dan dengan demikian mengadakan usianya
emas "." In 605 BC, Nebuchadnezzar II, the son of Nabopolassar, became ruler and
reigned for 44 years. Pada 605 SM, Nebukadnezar II, putra Nabopolassar, menjadi
penguasa dan memerintah selama 44 tahun. Under him the Babylonian Empire reached
its greatest strength. Di bawahnya Kekaisaran Babel mencapai kekuatan terbesar. Using
the treasures which he took from other nations, Nebuchadnezzar built Babylon, the
capital city of Babylonia, into one of the leading cities of the world. Menggunakan harta
yang ia ambil dari negara lain, Nebukadnezar membangun Babel, ibukota Babel, ke salah
satu kota terkemuka di dunia. The famous hanging gardens of Babylon were known to
the Greeks as one of the seven wonders of the world. Taman-taman gantung terkenal
Babel diketahui orang-orang Yunani sebagai salah satu dari tujuh keajaiban dunia.
As previously mentioned, in 587 BC, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and carried
the leading citizens of the Kingdom of Judah as prisoners to Babylon. Seperti yang
disebutkan sebelumnya, pada tahun 587 SM, orang Babel menghancurkan Yerusalem dan
membawa warga terkemuka Kerajaan Yehuda sebagai tawanan ke Babel. The Hebrew
prophet Jeremiah had foretold that the Jews would be free to return home to Jerusalem
after 70 years. Ibrani Yeremia Nabi telah menubuatkan bahwa orang-orang Yahudi akan
bebas untuk pulang ke Yerusalem setelah 70 tahun. The Lord had encouraged His people
through Ezekiel and Daniel who were also captives in Babylon. Tuhan telah mendorong
orang-orang-Nya melalui Yehezkiel dan Daniel yang juga tawanan di Babel. During this
70 year period of captivity, the Persians conquered Babylonia, and the Babylonians
passed from the scene as a world power. Selama periode 70 tahun penawanan, Persia
menaklukkan Babilonia, dan Babel lulus dari adegan sebagai kekuatan dunia.
Throughout the long period of Babylonia history, the Babylonians achieved a high level
of civilization that made an impact on the whole known world. Selama periode panjang
sejarah Babilonia, orang Babel mencapai tingkat tinggi peradaban yang membuat dampak
di seluruh dunia yang dikenal. Sumerian culture was its basis, which later Babylonians
regarded as traditional. budaya Sumeria adalah dasar, yang kemudian dianggap sebagai
tradisional Babel. In the area of religion, the Sumerians already had a system of gods,
each with a main temple in each city. Di bidang agama, Sumeria sudah memiliki sistem
dewa-dewa, masing-masing dengan candi utama di kota masing-masing. The chief gods
were Anu, god of heaven; Enlil, god of the air; and Enki or Ea, god of the sea. Para dewa
utama adalah Anu, dewa langit; Enlil, dewa udara, dan Enki atau Ea, dewa laut. Others
were Shamash, the sungod; Sin, the moon-god; Ishtar, goddess of love and war; and
Adad, the storm-god. Yang lainnya Shamash, yang sungod; Sin, bulan-dewa; Ishtar, dewi
cinta dan perang, dan Adad, orang-dewa badai. The Amorites promoted the god Marduk
at the city of Babylon, so that he became the chief god of the Babylonian religion,
starting around 1100 BC. Amori mempromosikan dewa Marduk di kota Babel, sehingga
ia menjadi dewa utama agama Babel, dimulai sekitar 1100 SM.
Babylonian religion was temple-centered, with elaborate festivals and many different
types of priests, especially the exorcist and the diviner, who mainly were trained to drive
away evil spirits. agama Babel kuil-terpusat, dengan festival rumit dan berbagai jenis
imam, terutama dukun dan peramal, yang terutama telah terlatih untuk mengusir roh
jahat.
Babylonian literature was mainly dominated by mythology and legends. Babel sastra
terutama didominasi oleh mitologi dan legenda. Among these was a creation myth
written to glorify their god Marduk. Salah satu diantaranya adalah sebuah mitos
penciptaan mereka ditulis untuk memuliakan dewa Marduk. According to this myth,
Marduk created heaven and earth from the corpse of the goddess Tiamat. Another work
was the Gilgamesh Epic, a flood story written about 2000 BC. Scientific literature of the
Babylonians included treatises on astronomy, mathematics, medicine, chemistry, botany,
and nature. Menurut mitos ini, Marduk menciptakan langit dan bumi dari mayat dewi
Tiamat. Pekerjaan lainnya adalah Epic Gilgamesh, cerita banjir yang ditulis sekitar 2000
SM literatur ilmiah. Dari Babel termasuk risalah mengenai astronomi, matematika,
kedokteran, kimia, botani , dan alam.
One of the main aspects of Babylonian culture was a codified system of law.
Hammurapi's famous code was the successor of earlier collections of laws going back to
about 2050 BC. Salah satu aspek utama budaya Babilonia adalah sistem hukum yang
dikodifikasikan terkenal Hammurapi. Kode penerus koleksi sebelumnya hukum akan
kembali ke sekitar 2050 SM. The Babylonians used art for the national celebration of
great events and glorification of the gods. Orang-orang Babel seni digunakan untuk
perayaan peristiwa besar nasional dan pemuliaan dari para dewa. It was marked by
stylized and symbolic representations, but it expressed realism and spontaneity in the
depiction of animals. Itu ditandai dengan dan representasi simbolik bergaya, tetapi
menyatakan realisme dan spontanitas dalam penggambaran hewan.
The Old Testament contains many references to Babylonia. Perjanjian Lama berisi
banyak referensi ke Babel. Gen 10:10 mentions four Babylonian cities, Babel (Babylon),
Erech (Uruk), Accad (Agade) and Calneh. These, along with Assyria, were ruled by
Nimrod. Kej 10:10 menyebutkan empat kota Babilonia, Babel (Babel), Erech (Uruk),
Accad (Agade) dan Calneh Nimrod. Ini, bersama dengan Asyur, diperintah oleh.