DATA PERENCANAAN
1.1 Direncanakan:
α = 300
h3
h2
h1
L1 L2 L3 L4
1
BAB II
PERHITUNGAN KAP
C
8.66
30°
A B A'
D
D'
1.00 2.50
Gambar 2.1 Kuda-kuda
2
3
b. Panjang batang BC
BC
sin
AC
BC
sin 30 =
8,66
BC = 4,33 meter
c. Panjang batang overstek
1,00
Cos 30° =
𝐷𝐴
DA = 1,15 m
2,50
Cos 30° =
𝐷′𝐴′
D’A’ = 2,88 m
0.50
Gambar2.2 Usuk
Direncanakan menggunakan usuk ukuran 5/7.
Jarak usuk = 0,5 m
Jarak gording = 1,443 m
Beban genteng = 50 kg/m²
Beban usuk (q) = Jarak usuk x jarak gording x beban genteng
= 0,5 x 1,443 x 50
= 36,075 kg
1
Perhit. Moment (M) = x q x l2
8
1
= x 36,075 kg x 1,4432
8
= 9,39 kgm
= 938,96 kgcm
1
Moment Tahanan (W) = x 5 x 72
6
1
= x 5 x 72
6
= 40,83 cm3
5
M
Kontrol Tegangan ijin kayu
W
938,96
= 40,83
= 22,99 kg/cm2
22,99 kg / cm 2 136kg / cm 2 ( lt )
(AMAN. OK)
b. Beban Hidup
Menurut PPIUG : 13 untuk beban terpusat berasal dari seorang pekerja
dan peralatannya minimum 100 kg.
- Py = P sinα
= 100 × sin30º = 50 kg
My2 = 1/4 Py (l/3)
= ¼ × 50 × (6/3) = 25 kgm
- Px = P cosα
= 100 × cos30º = 86,60 kg
Mx2 = 1/4 Px l
= ¼ × 86,60 × 6 = 129,9 kgm
7
c. Beban Angin
Berdasarkan PPIUGI : 23 dan 28
Jenis bangunan : bangunan tertutup
4
-0, -0,
2a 4
+0,0
d. Kombinasi Pembebanan
Menurut pembebanan tetap = (Beban Mati + Beban Hidup)
Mx,y = Beban Mati + Beban Hidup
e. Beban Tetap
Mxt = Mx1 + Mx2 = 452,052 + 129,9 = 581,952 kgm
Myt = My1 + My2 = 29 + 25 = 54 kgm
8
f. Beban Sementara
Mx,y = (Beban Mati + Beban Angin)
Mxs = Mx1 + Mx3 = 452,052 + 6,4935 = 458,5455 kgm
Mys = My1 + My3 = 29 + 0 = 29 kgm
Jadi momen yang menentukan adalah momen pembebanan tetap:
Mx = 581,952 kgm
My = 54 kgm
= 1904,76
Dengan demikian ,
𝐸 2,1.10 6 kg / cm 2
C1 ≥ C2 C2 = 0,63 𝜎 = 0,63
1600kg / cm 2
= 826,87
10
= 486,2
𝜎kip ≤ 0,042. C1.C2( 𝐭𝐡𝐛 )3 x ( ijin )
4,5
486,2 ≤0,042. 2667,67 x 826,87 x ( 150 )3 x 1600
4,5 3
486,2 ≤ 0,042. 2667,67 x 826,87 x ( ) x 1600
150
IKATAN ANGIN
1.443
TREKSTANG
GORDING
1.443
150.70.20.4,5
a. Beban hidup
Py = P.sin α
Py = 100. Sin 30
Py = 50 kg
Qy Ly 41,575 6,00
Pmax Py 50 133,15 kg
3 3
b. Dimensi trekstang
x 1,443m
tan 0,721
y 2m
R 688,71
F
ijin 1600
= 0,43 cm2
F 14 d 2
F 4 0,43 4
d 0,74 cm ~ 1 cm = 10 mm
3,14
Jadi, diameter trekstang yang digunakan ∅10 mm
12
Dimana:
Atepi = luas bagian tepi kuda-kuda
h = jarak kuda-kuda pada bentang ikatan angin
L = panjang sisi miring atas kuda-kuda = 8,66 x 2 = 17,32 m
b = ½ x Lebar bangunan ↔ ½ x 15 m = 7,5 m
n = jumlah trave antara 2 bentang ikatan angin
Q = n . q. L. dk
13
Dimana:
a
a tg 30o = 1
𝑥𝐵
2
1
a = tg 30o x 𝑥 7,5 = 2,16 m
2
b
b tg 30o = 𝐿
( − 𝑑𝑔)
2
17,32
b = tg 30o x − 1,443 = 3,55 m
2
= 3713,56 kg
- P’ = ( 0.01 x Pkuda-kuda ) + ( 0,005 x n x q x dk x dg )
= ( 0.01 x 3713,56 kg ) + ( 0.005 x 2 x 25 kg/m² x 6m x 1.443m )
= 37,14 + 2,16
= 39,30 kg
a+b
- Atepi = { } x dg
2
a+b
Maka, Atepi = { } x dg
2
2,16 + 3,55
={ } x 1.443 m
2
= 4,13 m²
- Q = n x qtekanan angin x L x dk
= 2 x 25 kg/m² x 17,32 m x 6m
= 5196 kg
Pada bentangan ikatan angin harus memenuhi syarat (PPBBI ’84: 64)
ℎ 0.25 𝑥 𝑄
- ≥ √
𝐿 𝐸.𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑖
6 0.25 𝑥 ( 5196 𝑘𝑔 )
- ≥ √ (2.1 𝑥 106 𝑘𝑔/𝑚²) 𝑥 ( 4,13 )
17,32
- 0.35 ≥ 0.012............
(AMAN. OK)
14
𝑃′ 39,30 𝑘𝑔
Dimensi F = = x 102 = 2,46 cm²
ijin 1600 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚²
Dimana: F= ¼ x π x d²
F=¼ x 3.14 x d²
4𝑥𝐹
d = √ 𝜋
4 𝑥 2,46
d = √ 3,14
d = 1,7 cm ≈ 17 mm
maka digunakan diameter tulangan ikatan angin minimum yaitu
∅ 17 mm.
Ø17mm
c. Pembebanan Merata
C
8,66 m
4,33 m
D
B
h=9,50 m
A 7,5 m 7,5 m E
q = 836,447 kg/m
18
Koefisien.
𝐼 ℎ
k = 𝐼2 x
1 𝑠
𝑓
ϕ =ℎ
m = 1+ ϕ
B = 3k + 2
C = 1 + 2m
K1 = 2(k + 1 + m + m2)
K2 = 2(k + ϕ 2)
R = ϕC - k
N1 = K1.K2 - R2
N2 = 3k + B
Moment.
𝑤𝑙2 𝑘(8+15𝜙)+𝜙(6−𝜙)
MA=ME = .
16 𝑁1
𝑤𝑙2 𝑘(16+15𝜙)+𝜙2
MB=MD =- .
16 𝑁1
𝑤𝑙2
MC = – ϕMA+mMB
8
𝑤𝑙
VA=VE = 2
𝑀𝐴 −𝑀𝐵
HA=HE = ℎ
Perhitungan
13600 3,5
k = 13600 x 8,66 = 0,404
4,33
ϕ = 9,5
= 1,237
m = 1+ 0,456 = 2,237
B =3.(1,097) + 2 =3,212
C = 1 + 2.(1,456) = 5,474
K1 = 2(1,097 + 1 + 1,456 + 1,4562) = 17,292
K2 = 2(1,097 + 0,456 2) =3,869
R = 0,456. 3,912–1,097 =6,368
N1 = 11,344. 2,609 - 0,6862= 26,354
N2 = 3. 1,097 + 5,291 =4,425
19
Moment.
836,447 x 152 0,404.(8+15 x 1,237)+1,237(6−1,237)
MA=ME = .
16 26,354
= 11762,54 x 0,63
= 7420,38 kgm
836,447 x 152 0,404.(16+15 x 1,237)+1,2372
MB=MD =- .
16 26,354
= -11762,54 x 0,59
= -6916,68 kgm
836,447 x 152
MC = – 1,237x 7420,38+2,237x (-6916,68)
8
= 6273,35 kg
7420,38 −(−6916,68)
HA=HE = 3,5
= 4096,30 kg
1 MBC +MCB
VA = 2
xqxs+
L
1 −4527,27+4527,27
= 2
x 836,447 x 8,66 +
L
= 3621,82 kg
20
N Balok kapstang
N = VA . sin α + HA . cos α
= 3621,82 kg . sin 30° + 4096,30 kg. cos 30°
= 5358,31 kg
Q = VA . cos α
= 3621,82 kg. cos 30°
= 3136,49 kg
MBC +MCB
- Mlap = ⅛ . q . l . s - 2
4527,27+4527,27
= ⅛ . 836,447 kg/m . 7,5m . 8,66m - 2
= 2263,64 kg.m
Kombinasi Beban
250
Ix = 9930 cm 4 ix = 10,8 cm
Iy = 3350 cm 4 iy = 6,29 cm
Wx = 801 cm 3 A = 84,70 cm²
8 250
Wy = 269 cm 3 g = 66,5 kg/m
13 h = 25 cm b = 25 cm
ts = 1,3 cm tb =0,8 cm
Gambar 2.9 IWF 250.250.8.13
h−ts h−tb h
δx = (b − ts) x + x
2 2 4
25−1,3 25−0,8 25
= (25 − 1,3) x 2
+ 2
x 4
= 356,47 cm3
D x Sx
tb x Ix
3136,49 kg x 356,47 cm3
0,7cm x 9930 cm 4
140,74 kg / cm 2 928 kg / cm 2 .........(memenuhi)
22
Lh
C1 =
b ts
866 25
=
25 1,3
= 666,15
M ki M ka 4527,27 kgm (4527,27 kgm)
C3 β= = =1
2 M jep 2 4527,27 kgm
E
C3 = 0,21 . (1 + β ). (3 - 2β)
2,1.10 6 kg / cm 2
= 0,21 . (1 + 1) . ( 3 – 2 . 1)
1600kg / cm 2
= 551,25
C1 = 666,15 > C3 = 551,25
C3
σijin KIP = x 0,7 x σijin
C1
551,25
= x 0,7 x 1600
666,15
= 926,81 kg/cm2 > σmax = 926,39 kg/cm2....(OK)
Berarti penampang tidak berubah bentuk.
23
5 8,36447 kg(606,20cm) 4
f =
384 2,1 10 6 kg / cm 2 9930cm 4
= 0,71 cm < fijin = 3,46 cm....(profil aman terhadap lendutan)
Jadi profil baja IWF 250.250.8.13 aman digunakan sebagai kapstang.
24
1.40
1.30
5.90
1.50
N5
8.43
30.27
N4
8.43
N3
6.10
42.00
1.50
33.56
4.50
N2
25.13
8.53
20.43
14.53
N1
25
.00
1.30
6.00
6.00
1.40
11.85 11.85
25.00
a. Sambungan Baut
Profil yang dipakai IWF 250.250.8.13
Mmax = 4527,27 kgm
N = 5358,31 kg
Q = 3136,49 kg
D = Q cos α + N sin α
= 3136,49 . cos 30 + 5358,31 sin 30
= 5395,44 kg
Plat penyambung tebal 13 mm, dipakai bout 22 mm = 2,2 cm
Sambungan direncanakan menggunakan baut dan las.
1,5d <s< 3d
1,5(2,2) <s< 3(2,2)
3,3 <s< 6,6 dipakai jarak s s = 6 cm = 60 mm
Perhitungan terhadap titik puncak
N1 = 62 = 36 cm2
N2 = 14,43² = 208,22 cm²
N3 = 25,13² = 631,52 cm²
N4 = 33,56² = 1126,27 cm²
N5 = 41,992 = 1763,16 cm²
= 3765,18 cm²
Tegangan tarik max untuk satu baut
Mmaks Y 452727 kgcm 47,99cm
N= = = 5770,35 kg
Y 3765,18cm 2
5770,35 kg
Untuk satu baut = = 2885,17 kg
2
2885,17 kg
σ tarik baut = = 758,69 kg/cm² < 0,7.1600 = 1120 kg/cm²
1
.3,14.(2,2cm) 2
4
Kontrol tegangan geser
D 5395,44 kg
τ= = = 141,88kg/cm² < 0,58x1600kg/cm²= 928kg/cm²
1 d 2 1 3,14 ( 2, 2cm) 2
4 4
σ = √𝜎 2 + 1,56 𝜏 2 ≤ σijin
b. Sambungan Las
Tebal las :
Badan = ½ . √2 . 8 = 5,66 mm ~ 6 mm ~ 0,6 cm
Sayap = ½ . √2 . 14 = 9,19 mm ~ 10 mm ~ 1 cm
Statis momen las terhadap terhadap las bagian bawah :
S1 = 25 x 1 x 0 = 0 cm3
S2 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 2,3 = 56,66 cm3
S3 = 2(0,6 x16,83)x10,7 = 216,40 cm3
S4 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 19,1 = 462,95 cm3
S5 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 21,4 = 518,61 cm3
S6 = 2(0,6 x 25,26)x34,1= 1032,43cm3
S7 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 46,2 = 1117,80cm3
S8 = 25 x 1 x 48,99 = 1224,75cm3
= 4628,59cm3
Luas = 25 + 24,20 + 20,20 + 24,20 + 24,20 + 30,31 + 24,20 + 25 = 197,31 cm²
4628,59cm 3
Yb = = 23,46 cm
197,31 cm 2
Ya = 48,99cm – 23,46 cm = 25,53 cm
1.00
1.30
S8
1.30
S7 S7
Ya =25,53
46,20
S6 S6
Y = 48,99
0.60
S5 S5
42.00
1.30
33.56
S4 S4
Yb = 23,46
25.13
S3 S3
19,10
14.43
1.00
1.30
6.00
S2 S2
S1
11.85 11.85
25.00
63288,95 cm 4
Wb = = 2697,89 cm3
23,46cm
Q 3136,49kg
τ = = 2 = 15,90 kg/cm²
F 197,31cm
9.00 25.00
43.00
25.00
43.00
Tebal plat
b 52,61
= 59,39. b = 52,61 . a
a 59,39
59,39. b = (43-b) . 52,61
59,39. b = 2262,23 – 52,61b
112 b = 2262,23
b = 20,19 cm
a = 43 – b
= 43 – 20,19
= 22,80 cm
x : 59,39 = ( 22,80 - 9) : 22,80
59,39kg / cm 2 13,80cm
x=
22,80cm
x = 35,95 kg/cm²
Momen terhadap sumbu y-y
M = Q1 . ½ . L + Q2 . ⅔ . L
(59,39kg / cm 2 35,95kg / cm 2 ) 9cm
= (35,95 kg/cm² .9cm)½ .9cm + x ⅔.9 cm
2
= 2088,87 kg.cm
M 2088,87kgcm
W= = = 1,31 cm³
1600kg / cm 2
W = ⅙ . b . h²
1,31 = ⅙ . 43 . h²
1,31 = 7,17 . h²
1,14
Diperoleh nilai h = = 0,43 cm ~ 1 cm
7,17
Digunakan plat kaki kolom ukuran 43 cm x 43 cm x 1 cm
30
12.10
0.80
25.00
Gambar 2.13 Perhitungan Las Plat
12.10
Kaki Kolom
2.30
13.00
23.70
25.00
14848,48cm 4 14848,48cm 4
Wb = = 1142,19 cm³ Wa = = 1142,19 cm³
13cm 13cm
32
Q 4096,30kg
τ = = = 33,34 kg/cm²
F 122,88cm 2
i = a 2 3 n 2
1.40
1.30
5.90
1.50
N5
8.43
30.27
N4
8.43
N3
6.10
42.00
1.50
33.56
4.50
N2
25.13
8.53
20.43
14.53
N1
25
. 00
1.30
6.00
6.00
1.40
11.85 11.85
25.00
σ = √𝜎 2 + 1,56 𝜏 2 ≤ σijin
c. Sambungan Las
Tebal las :
Badan = ½ . √2 . 8 = 5,66 mm ~ 6 mm ~ 0,6 cm
Sayap = ½ . √2 . 14 = 9,19 mm ~ 10 mm ~ 1 cm
Statis momen las terhadap terhadap las bagian bawah :
S1 = 25 x 1 x 0 = 0 cm3
S2 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 2,3 = 56,66 cm3
S3 = 2(0,6 x16,83)x10,7 = 216,40 cm3
S4 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 19,1 = 462,95 cm3
S5 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 21,4 = 518,61 cm3
S6 = 2(0,6 x 25,26)x34,1= 1032,43cm3
S7 = 2(12,10 x 1) x 46,2 = 1117,80cm3
S8 = 25 x 1 x 48,99 = 1224,75cm3
= 4628,59cm3
Luas = 25 + 24,20 + 20,20 + 24,20 + 24,20 + 30,31 + 24,20 + 25 = 197,31 cm²
4628,59cm 3
Yb = = 23,46 cm
197,31 cm 2
Ya = 48,99cm – 23,46 cm = 25,53 cm
1.00
1.30
S8
1.30
S7 S7
Ya =25,53
46,20
S6 S6
Y = 48,99
0.60
S5 S5
42.00
1.30
33.56
S4 S4
Yb = 23,46
25.13
S3 S3
19,10
14.43
1.00
1.30
6.00
S2 S2
S1
11.85 11.85
25.00
63288,95 cm 4
Wb = = 2697,89 cm3
23,46cm
Q 3136,49kg
τ = = 2 = 15,90 kg/cm²
F 197,31cm