Spek Reaktor

REAKTOR - 02 (R - 02)
Fungsi : Tempat terjadinya proses pembentukan Metil Metakrilat dengan mereaksikan produk intermediete den
Tipe : Stirred Tank Reactor dengan menggunakan Sparger
Bahan konstruksi : carbon steel
Kondisi operasi : Temperatur

Tekanan
Konversi
Waktu Reaksi
Perhitungan :
1. konstanta kecepatan reaksi
Propionaldehida
WG= 3544.890 kg/jam
F AO = 61.036 kmol/jam
Densitas = 727.800 kg/m3
VA= 4.871 m3/jam
Formaldehida
WG= 1832.653 kg/jam
F BO = 61.036 kmol/jam
VB= 2.049 m3/jam
Reaksi yang terjadi merupakan reaksi orde 2
Laju alir massa, Mfr =

Densitas campuran,ρc
Volumetric laju reaksi, Qf =

=
Konsentrasi Umpan,
Fao ( mol umpan Propionaldehida masuk R-01

Cao = Fao/Qf
Fbo ( mol umpan Formaldehida masuk R-01

Cbo = Fbo/Qf
Persamaan laju reaksi untuk orde 2 adalah
(- ra = k CaCb)
untuk persamaan reaksi orde 2, digunakan
dX B 1
C Bo = k (C Ao − 2
C Bo X Bo ) (C Bo − C Bo X B )
dt
C Bo dX B
= k . dt
C Ao 1
C Bo ( − 2
X B ) C Bo ( 1− X B )
C Bo
C Bo dX B
= k . dt
C
C 2 ( Ao − 1 2 X B ) (1−X B )
Bo C
Bo
dim ana :
C Ao
M=
Bo B
= k . dt
C Ao 1
C 2( − 2 X B ) (1−X B )
Bo C
Bo
dim ana :
C Ao
M=
C Bo
1 dX B
1
= k . dt
C Bo ( M − 2 X B ) ( 1− X B )
hasil int egrasi persamaan diatas :
1
1 ( M − 2 XB )
ln = k .t
C Bo M (1 − X B)
2. Volume Reaktor, VR
Untuk menentukan volume reaktor digunakan persamaan :
V V C Ao C . XA
   Ao
vo FAo  rA
V
 
vo
V
 
Q
V  . Q
V = τ.Q
= 1
= 13.7093
faktor keamanan = 20.00%
volume total = (1 +
= 16.4512
3. Menentukan tipe pengaduk

Menurut Treybal (hal.146), untuk operasi mass transfer,
dan Warren L. McCabe (opersi Teknik Kimia, hal 229) untuk jangkauan viskositas yang cukup luas
maka jenis pengaduk yang biasanya digunakan secara umum adalah jenis “disk flate blade turbine”
4. menentukan konfigurasi mixer

Konfigurasi tanki yang digunakan adalah Brooke dan Sue
(Holland and Chapman, “Liquid Mixing and Processing in Stirred Tank”, p-160)
a. Ratio tinggi liquid terhadap diameter tanki : HL/DT = 2.5

b. Ratio diameter impeller terhadap diameter tanki : Di/DT = 0,2
c. Ratio lebar baffle terhadap diameter tanki : Wb/DT = 0,1
d. Ratio tinggi impeller dari dasar tanki terhadap diameter tanki : Hi/DT = 0,3
e. Tipe impeller yang digunakan adalah Disk flate turbine
f. Ratio lebar pengaduk terhadap diameter impeller : g/Di = 0,2
g. Ratio panjang blade pengaduk terhadap diameter impeller : r/Di = 0,25
h. Posisi baffle dari dinding tanki : rb = Di/48
Perhitungan :
diameter tangki
• Volume silinder (VS)
1
Vs   DT
2
H s
4
• Volume ellipsoidal bagian bawah (VE)

1
VE   DT
3
24
1
h  DT
4
• Tinggi tangki (HT)
HT  H s  2h
1 
2.5 DT  H s  2  DT 
 4 
H s  2.0 DT
• Volume tangki total (VT)
VT  Vs  2VE
1  1
  DT 2
H s  2  DT 3
4  24
VT  Vs  2VE
 DT 2 H s  2 
1 1
   DT 3
4  24
11
  DT 3
24
• Diameter tangki (DT)
 24 VT  1
DT 
 11  

3
 
DT
• Tinggi Tangki (Hs)
Tinggi silinder
tinggi tutup
tinggi total tangki
tinggi liquid
diameter impeler
tinggi impeler
lebar baffle
lebar baffle pengaduk
panjang blade pengaduk

posisi baffle dari dinding tangki
Tebal dinding tangki, t
 P. ri 
t     C
 S . E  0.6 P 
dimana :
P
r
S
E
C
maka :
outside diameter, OD
ID
OD
kecepatan putaran pengaduk

0.5
 600   WELH 
N 
 
 x
 

  Di   2 Di 
spgr =
HL =
=
WELH =
=
Jadi :
N =
=
menentukan tenaga pengaduk

μL =
=
ρ L N Di 2
N Re =
μL
N Re =
tenaga pengaduk
Dari Fig. 6.5 Treybal didapat, Po =
Po ρL N3 Di5
P =
gc
P
Dari Fig.14.38 Peter, untuk Brake Horse Power =
diperoleh efisiensi motor sebesar
sehingga tenaga pengaduk yang dibutuhkan sebesar =
5. Menentukan Desain Sparger
Berdasarkan literatur Treybal (hal.153), digunakan sparger yang berbentuk lingkaran (ring – shaped sp
dengan konfigurasi :
a. Rasio diameter sparger terhadap diameter impeller : Ds/Di = 1

b. Ratio tinggi sparger terhadap diameter impeller : hs/Di = 0,8
perhitungan :
diameter sparger Ds
tinggi sparger hs
debit per orifice q
dari Treybal (hal.153), diperoleh diameter orifice yang paling baik

berkisar antara 3 - 6,5 mm
ambil diameter orifice = do =

1
Nt
diameter sparger = do ( )
0,319
2,142
maka :
jumlah orifice, Nt =
=
=
Luas area total orifice, At =
flowrate total =
massa udara =
densitas udara =
flowrate total =
=
maka :
Vo =
=
=
=
jadi :'
debit per orifice q
6. Design Jacket heating System
overall heat transfer coefficient U
Fouling factor coefficient Rd

Flow
HL area
Jacket
volumetric flow area jacket heating system
flowrate heating steam =

densitas steam (120 oC) =
residence time =
volumetrik flowrate =
=
tinggi jacket = tinggi liquid di dalam reaktor =
OD = outside diameter reaktor-01 =
D = diameter reaktor beserta jacket
maka :
0.4644 m3
Sehingga, tebal jacket =

=
=
=
aksikan produk intermediete dengan Metanol dan Oksigen dari udara
= 80 oc = 353.15 oK
= 2.5000 atm
= 0.817
= 1 Jam = 60 Menit
BM = 58.0791 Kg/kmol
Hysys
Hysys
(levenspiel)
5377.543 kg/jam
392.254354061 Kg/m3 Hysys
Mfr/ρc
13.7093264352 m3/jam
= 61.036 Kmol/jam mol Propionaldehida sisa =

= 4.4521185954 kmol/m3 Ca =
= 61.036 kmol/jam mol Formaldehida sisa =

= 4.4521185954 kmol/m3 Cb =
(levenspiel, pers 49)
dimana diketahui
Cbo = 4.4521185954
M = (Cao/Cbo) 1
Xa (Konversi) 0.817
t = 1
sehingga nilai k adalah
k = 0.263509497 m3/kmol.jam
(-ra) = k CaCb
= 0.174916952 kmol/m3.jam
(-rb) = kCbo(M-0,5Xb)(1-Xb)
= 0.126989799
jam x 13.7093 m3/jam

m3
0.2000 ) x 13.7093 m3
m3
an viskositas yang cukup luas
enis “disk flate blade turbine”
nk”, p-160)
2
H s
3
DT
 1 
 2  DT 3

 24 
 1 
 2  DT 3

 24 
 1
T


3

= 2.2527 m
Hs = 3 DT
= 6.7580 m
h = 0.25 DT
= 0.5632 m
HT = Hs + 2h
= 7.8843 m
HL = 1.8 DT
= 4.0548 m
Di = 0.3 DT
= 0.6758 m
= 2.2172 ft
Hi = 0.3 DT
= 0.6758 m
Wb = 0.1 DT
= 0.2253 m
g = 0.2 DT
= 0.1352 m
r = 0.25 DT
DT
= 0.1689 m
rb = DT /48
= 0.0469 m
(table 4, hal 537, Peters and Timmerhaus)
= tekanan desain = 2.5000 atm =

= jari-jari vessel = 1.1263 m =
= working stress allowable = 20000 psi
= joint effisiensi = 1.00
= korosi maksimum = 0.125 in
t = 0.2065 in
= 0.0052 m
= 0.5246 cm
= 2.2527 m
= ID + 2t
= 2.2632 m
0.5
LH 


Di 
0.4038 ρ air pada 80 oC = 971.5000 kg/m3
4.0548 m
13.3031 ft
HL x spgr
HL
5.3713 ft
94.8512 rpm
1.5809 rps
0.1073 cp HYSYS
0.0001 kg/m. s
26383.3899
N3 Di5
c
= 1092.1854 J/s
= 1.4646 hp
2.0000 hp
1.4646 hp
= 81%
1.8082 hp = 2 hp
entuk lingkaran (ring – shaped sparger)
= Di
= 0.6758 m
= 0.8 Di
= 0.5406 m
= 0,25 p do2 Vo
6.5 mm = 0.0065 m
1
Nt
do ( )
0,319
2,142
2,142
Ds
0, 319 ( )
do
2,142
Ds
0, 319 ( )
do
6668.0308 buah
6668 buah
1
Nt x π do 2
4
0.2212 m2
At x Vo
21614.6354 kg/jam
1.0921 kg/m3 HYSYS
massa udara / densitas udara

19791.8097 m3/jam
flowrate total / At
19791.8097 m3/jam / 0.2212 m2
89493.5092 m/jam
24.8593 m/s
= 0,25 p do2 Vo
= 2.9682 m3/jam
= 200 - 500 W/m2. oC (table 12.1, Coulson hal 638)
= 3000 - 6000 W/m2 . oC (table 12.2, Coulson hal 516)
OD
Flow Area
Jacket
1 1
= ( π D2 H L +
24 ) (
π D3 − π OD 2 H L +
24
π OD 3 )
1
= π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D3 − OD 3 )
24
4377.4347 kg/jam 437.7435

942.6000 kg/m3 HYSYS
1 jam
437.7435 kg/jam x 1.0000 jam / 942.6000 kg/m3

0.4644 m3
4.0548 m
2.2632 m
1 1
=
( π D2 H L +
24 ) (
π D3 − π OD 2 H L +
24
π OD 3 )
= 1
π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D3 − OD 3 )
24
= 12.7320 (D2 -
5.1219 ) - 0.1308 (D3 -
= 2.2715 meter
0.4636 m3
D - OD
2.2715 m - 2.2632 m
0.0083 m
0.83 cm
11.1695051289 kmol/jam
0.814737703 kmol/m3
11.1695051289 kmol/jam
0.814737703 kmol/m3
K
Timmerhaus)
36.7400 psi
44.3437 in
table 4, Peter, hal538
HYSYS
11.5915 )
REAKTOR - 01 CSTR
Kapasitas Produksi 36000 ton/tahun

Operasi Pabrik 300 hari/tahun
Satuan massa Kg
Basis 1 Jam operasi
Bahan Baku Propionaldehida dan Formaldehida
Produk Metakrolein
Kapasitas Produksi 5000 Kg/Jam
Ket : Aliran 5
Aliran 6
A. Data Feed Reaktor-01

Senyawa BM (kg/kmol) kg kmol
Propionaldehida (C3H6O) 58.0791 3544.8896 61.0355
Air (H2O) 18.0150 85.5140 4.7468
Formaldehida (CH2O) 30.0260 1832.6533 61.0355
Air (H2O) 18.0150 3193.0435 177.2436
Komponen Katalis Masuk Reaktor dengan rasio mol Asam asetat : Propionaldehid = 0.002 :
Komponen Katalis Masuk Reaktor dengan rasio mol Dimetilamina : Propionaldehid = 0.005 : 1
B. Data Feed Katalis

Dibutil amina 129.2460 39.9480 0.3091
Asam asetat 60.0530 7.4246 0.1236
Air 18.0150 0.2350 0.0130
C. Nilai Konversi
YIELD Propionaldehid (C3H6O) 81.70%
F. Kondisi Operasi Reaktor

T reaktor 80 (Patent No. US 2014/0206897 A1, Hal 3)
P reaktor 2.5 atm
D. Reaksi Pada Reaktor

C3H6O CH2O C4H6O
M 61.0355 61.0355 0
R 49.8660 49.8660 49.8660
S 11.1695 11.1695 49.8660
E. Data Produk Reaktor-01

Senyawa BM (gr/mol) kg` kmol
Metakrolein (C4H6O) 70.0901 3495.11587204 49.8660
Air (H2O) 18.015 898.336747057 49.8660
G. Neraca Massa Reaktor
Input Output
Komponen
kg kmol kg
Propionaldehid 3544.8896 61.0355 648.7148
Formaldehid 1832.6533 61.0355 335.3756
Dibutilamina 39.9480 0.3091 39.9480
Asam Asetat 7.4246 0.1236 7.4246
Metakrolein 0 0 3495.1159
Air 3278.5575 181.9904 4176.8943
Total 8703.4732 304.4942 8703.4732
input output 2896.1748

Komponen
aliran 5 aliran 6 1497.2778
Propionaldehid 3,544.8896 648.7148
Formaldehid 1,832.6533 335.3756
Dibutilamina 39.9480 39.9480
Asam Asetat 7.4246 7.4246
Metakrolein 0.0000 3,495.1159
Air 3,278.5575 4,176.8943
Total 8,703.4732 8,703.4732
M
R
S
36000
5
= Campuran Propionaldehid, Formaldehid & Air
= Produk, bahan baku tidak bereaksi dan katalis
total air 3278.5575 181.9904 kmol
ropionaldehid = 0.002(Patent
: No. US 2014/0206897 A1, Hal 3)
Propionaldehid = 0.005 : 1
US Patent 2.848.499 dan US Patentn4.282.564

014/0206897 A1, Hal 3)
H2O Reaktanbereakskmol kg tidak bereakaskg

0 Propionaldehid 49.8660 2896.1748 11.1695 648.7148
49.8660 Formaldehida 49.8660 1497.2778 11.1695 335.3756
49.8660
Output
kmol
11.1695
11.1695
0.3091
0.1236
49.8660
231.8565
304.4942 balance
8727.7002481
REAKTOR (R-01)
Fungsi = Menghitung panas masuk R-01 dan panas keluar R-01
Neraca Massa Reaktor-01

Masuk Aliran 3 Keluar Aliran 5
Komponen
Kg Kmol Kg
Propionaldehid (C3H6O) 3590.2798 61.8171 657.0212
Formaldehid (CHOH) 1856.1193 61.8171 339.6698
Dimetilamin (C2H7N) 39.9480 0.3091 39.9480
Asam Asetat (CH3COOH) 7.4246 0.1236 7.4246
Metakrolein (C4H6O) 0 0 3,539.8687
Air (H2O) 3233.9285 179.5131 4,143.7679
Total 8727.7002 303.5800 8727.7002
MENGHITUNG KAPASITAS PANAS DENGAN METODE RIHANY & DOROISWARNY

(SATUAN : KKAL/KMOL)
Input dari H-01
IN OUT
Celcius Kelvin Celcius
T ref 25.000 298.150 25.000
Toperasi 80.000 353.150 80.000
25 298.150
NILAI
Komponen
A B C
Dibutilamin (C8H19N) 144060.00 499.10 0.00
Asam Asetat (CH3COOH) 139640.00 -320.80 0.90
Metakrolein (C4H6O) 16568 278.56 0.31981
Air (H2O) 276370.00 -2090.10 81.25
a. Panas sensibel dari aliran campuran input R pada T = 45 oC
Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dt (kj/kmol K) Q1 (kj/jam)

Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dt (kj/kmol) Q2 (kj/jam)


Dibutilamin (C8H19N) 0.3091 8678.1888 2682.3010

Asam Asetat (CH3COOH) 0.1236 7244.8193 895.7070

Air (H2O) 179.5131 16513.7139 2964427.9706
Qin= Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + 3316460.865 kj
b. Panas sensibel dari aliran campuran produk R pada T = 80 oC

Propionaldehid (C3H6O) 11.3125 5,636.8716 63,767.2443

Formaldehid (CHOH) 11.3125 3,448.2530 39,008.4446

Dimetilamin (C2H7N) 0.3091 8,678.1888 2,682.3010

Asam Asetat (CH3COOH) 0.1236 7,244.8193 895.7070

Metakrolein (C4H6O) 50.5045 1,350.2981 68,196.1941

Air (H2O) 230.0176 16,513.7139 3,798,445.5968
Qout= Q6 + Q7 + Q8 + Q9 + Q10 + Q11 3,972,995.4877 kj
c. Panas Reaksi Qr
Diketahui data panas pembentukkan pada T = 25 oC = 298.15 K Sumber: Perry hal 197 &
produk :
Metakrolein (C4H6O) = -102.000 kj/kmol
Air (H2O) = -285.830 kj/kmol
reaktan :
Propionaldehid (C3H6O) = -186.300 kj/kmol
Formaldehid (CHOH) = -108.570 kj/kmol
∆Hf = 92.960 kj/kmol
Panas pembentukkan Standard pereaktan dan Bahan baku pada T = 298.15 K
Komponen n(kmol/jam) ∆Hf (kj/kmol) n. ∆Hf

Propionaldehid (C3H6O) 61.8171 -186.3000 -11516.5201
Formaldehid (CHOH) 61.8171 -108.5700 -6711.4793
Total -18227.9994
Panas pembentukkan standard produk pada T = 298.15 K T = 25 C
Komponen n(kmol/jam) ∆Hf (kj/kmol) n. ∆Hf

Metakrolein (C4H6O) 50.5045 -102.0000 -5151.4637
Air (H2O) 230.0176 -285.8300 -65745.9436
Total -70897.4073
∆HRᵒ = -52669.4079 kj/jam
Menghitung Panas Reaksi pada T = 80 oC
Panas produk
Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dT Q (kj/kmol)
Metakrolein (C4H6O) 50.5045 1350.2981 68196.1941
Air (H2O) 230.0176 16513.7139 3798445.5968
Total 3866641.7908
Panas pereaktan
Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dT Q (kj/kmol)
Total 348454.8868
∆HR = 3465517.496 kj/jam (endotermis)
d. Total panas
Cp air = 4.1860 (Kkal/Kg K)
T1 = 250 C
T2 = 134.081 C
Tref = 25 C
Neraca Panas pada R-01

Q1 + Q-win = Q2 + Qr +Q-wout
Qs = Q-wout - Q-win
= Q1 - Q2 - Qr
-4122052.118
e. Jumlah pemanas yang dibutuhkan
8494.92655972 kg/jam
f. Panas sensibel yang dibawa oleh steam masuk
8000946.58027 kj/jam
g. Panas sensibel steam keluar dari R-01
3878894.46188 kj/jam
NERACA PANAS R-01
Komponen Panas Masuk (kj/jam)
Panas Keluar (kj/jam)
Q in 3316460.8654 0.0000
Q out 0.0000 3972995.4877
Qr 0.0000 3465517.4961
Q-win 8000946.5803 0.0000
Q-wout 0.0000 3878894.4619
Total 11317407.4457 11317407.4457 Balance!
Keluar Aliran 5
Kmol
11.3125
11.3125
0.3091
0.1236
50.5045
230.0176
303.5800
OUT
Kelvin
298.150
353.150
Cp dT
D E IN OUT
0.00 0.00 5636.8716 5636.8716
0.00 0.00 0.0000 3448.2530
0.00 0.00 8678.1888 8678.1888
0.00 0.00 7244.8193 7244.8193
0 0 1350.2981 1350.2981
-0.01 0.00 16513.7139 16513.7139
348454.887 kj Komponen n(kmol/jam)

Cp dt (kj/kmol
Q1K)
(kj/jam)
Propionaldehi
61.8110 ### ###
d
Dibutilamin 0.3091 ### ###
0.000 kj Asam Asetat 0.1236 ### 895.6334
Air (H2O) 179.4984 ### ###
Total ###
2682.301 kj
895.707 kj
2964427.971 kj
Komponen n(kmol/jam)Cp dt (kj/kmol

Q1K)(kj/jam)
Propionaldehi
63767.244 kj 11.3125 ### ###
d
Formaldehida 11.3125 ### ###
Dibutilamin 0.3091 ### ###
39008.445 kj Asam Asetat 0.1236 ### 895.7070
Metakrolein 50.5045 ### ###
Air (H2O) 230.0176 ### ###
2682.301 kj Total ###
895.707 kj
68196.194 kj
3798445.597 kj
r: Perry hal 197 &
T = 25 C
Kj/mol
3866641.791 kj
348454.887 kj
523.15 K
407.231 K
298.15 K
Densitas umpan gas R-01
Komponen Densitas (Kg/m3)) Kg x Densitas cam(Kg/m3)

Propionaldehida 727.800 3544.890 0.659202 479.7676
Formaldehida 894.200 1832.653 0.340798 304.7411
Jumlah 5377.543 1 392.2544

Gliserol 1254.8414 27982.843667 0.834467 1047.124
HCl 1473.5 5550.9445318 0.165533 243.9127
Jumlah 33533.788199 645.5183

MCP 1029.3273 16055.651 0.751701 773.746
HCl 1473.5 5303.4501896 0.248299 365.869
Jumlah 21359.101 1139.615
Viskositas umpan gas R-01
Densitas cam(Kg/m3) KomponenVis (cP) Kg BM x Vis cam(cP)

Propionald 0.2028028175 3544.890 0.659202 0.133688
Formaldeh 0.2376549407 1832.653 0.340798 0.080992
Jumlah 5377.543 1 0.10734

Gliserol 509.1 27982.844 0.834467 424.8272
HCl 0.01491 5550.9445 0.165533 0.002468
33533.788 212.4148

MCP 0.9341 16055.651 0.751701 0.702164
HCl 0.01491 5303.450 0.248299 0.003702
Jumlah 21359.101 0.705866
Vis cam(cP)
Vis cam(cP)
Vis cam(cP)
REAKTOR - 02 (R - 02)
Fungsi : Tempat terjadinya proses pembentukan Metil Metakrilat dengan mereaksikan produk intermediete (Metakr

Tekanan
Konversi
Perhitungan :

Metakrolein
WG= 3730.132 kg/jam
VA= 4.661 m3/jam
Metanol
WG= 1704.937 kg/jam
VB= 2.262 m3/jam
Oksigen
WG= 4539.073 kg/jam
F CO = 141.850 kmol/jam
VC= 3820.769 m3/jam
Reaksi
C4H6O + CH3OH
Metakrolein Metanol
atau : A + B + C = D + E
Persamaan Archenius :
k = A . e− E/RT
2
k= ( σ A + σ B + σC
3 ) N
10 3
√8. π . K .T
1
(+
1
+
M A MB MC
1
e
−E/RT
)
dimana :
σA = diameter molekul A
σB = diameter molekul B
σC = diameter molekul C
N = bilangan avogandro
K = konstanta Boltzmann
T = temperatur reaksi
MA = BM molekul A
MB = BM molekul B
MC = BM molekul C
E = energi aktivasi
R = konstanta gas
1
3
σ A = 1, 18 ( V A )
= 1.18
= 1.9711
= 1.97108702010329E-10
= 1.97108702010329E-08
1
σ B = 1,18 ( V B ) 3
= 1.18
= 1.5489
= 1.5489332722199E-10
= 1.5489332722199E-08
1
σ C = 1, 18 ( V C ) 3
= 1.18
= 18.4473
= 1.84472767535954E-09
= 1.84472767535954E-07
Energi aktivasi
E =
ΔH 298 =
=
E =
=
=
2
k= ( σ A + σ B + σC
3 ) N
10 √
3
8. π .
(
K .T
1
+
1
+
M A MB MC
1
e
)−E/RT
k1 = 0.7621
k1 = 0.000762137
k1 = 2.7437
2. Waktu Reaksi:
laju alir massa =

densitas campuran =
mol Metakrolein mula-mula, n Ao =
konsentrasi mula-mula, C Ao =
mol Metanol mula-mula, n Bo =
konsentrasi mula-mula, C Bo =
mol oksigen mula-mula, n Co =
konsentrasi mula-mula, C Co =
X = 0.937
C Ao = 4.2302
C Bo = 4.2294
C Co = 11.2752
Q = 12.5807
CA = C Ao (1- X A)
= 4.2302
= 0.2665
V V C Ao C . XA
   Ao
CB v o = FAo CBo – b/arA(CAo – CA)
= CBo – 1/1 (CAo – CAo (1-XA))
V = CBo – 1/1 (CAo – CAo + CAo . XA)
 
vo = CBo – 1/1 CAo . XA
V = 4.2294
  0.2658
Q =
V  . Q
 
vo
V
 
Q
Asumsi : V   Cb=Cc
.Q
Reaksi orde 3
persaman untuk laju reaksi berorde tiga :
( 2 CA 0 +CB 0 )( CB 0 −CB ) CA 0 . CB
( CB 0 . CB
+ln
)
CA . CB 0
=( 2CA 0 −CB 0 )2 kt
maka, t =
( 2 CA 0 +CB 0 )( CB 0 − CB ) CA 0 .CB
t=
( CB 0 . CB
+ln
)
CA .CB 0
( 2 CA 0 −CB 0 )2 k
t1 = 0.9110 jam
t1 = 54.6596 menit
1
Vs   DT
2
H s
4
V = τ .1
Q
VE 
=
 DT
3
0.9110
24
= 1 11.4610
h  DT
4

HT  H s  2h
volume total = (1 +  1 
2.5 DT  H s  2  DT 
4 
H s  2.0 DT
HT  H s  2h
1 
2.5 DT  H s  2  DT 
=  4  13.7532
H s  2.0 DT

VT  Vs  2V E
 DT 2 H s  2   DT 3 
1 1
  
4  24 
5. menentukan konfigurasi  11
mixer  DT 3
Konfigurasi tanki yang24
digunakan adalah Brooke dan Sue

b. Ratio diameter impeller terhadap diameter tanki : Di/DT 1= 0,2
 24 VT 
c. Ratio lebarDbaffle 
Tterhadap diameter tanki : Wb/DT 
= 0,1 3

11 
 tanki terhadap diameter
d. Ratio tinggi impeller dari dasar  tanki : Hi/DT = 0,3
Perhitungan :
HT
diameter tangki
HL

 P. ri 
t     C
 S . E  0.6 P 
Tinggi silinder
tinggi tutup
0.5
 600   WELH 
N 
 
 x  

  tinggi
Ditotal
tangki 2 Di 
tinggi liquid
HL
diameter impeler
HL
tinggi impeler
lebar baffle
dimana :
P
r
S
E
C
maka :
ID
OD
spgr =
=
=
WELH =
=
Jadi :
N =
=

μL =
=
ρ L N Di 2
N Re =
μL
N Re =
tenaga pengaduk
Po ρL N3 Di5
P =
gc
P
Berdasarkan literatur Treybal (hal.153), digunakan sparger yang berbentuk lingkaran (ring – shaped sparge

perhitungan :
diameter sparger Ds
tinggi sparger hs
debit per orifice q


1
Nt
0,319
2,142
1
Nt
do( )
0,319
2,142
maka :
=
=
1
Luas area total orifice, At = Nt x π do 2
4
=
flowrate total =
massa udara =
densitas udara =
flowrate total =
=
maka :
Vo =
=
=
=
jadi :'
debit per orifice q

D
D
Flow OD
HL area OD
Jacket
Flow Area
Jacket
Flow Area
Jacket

residence time =
=
maka :
0.4231 m3
140.4803
=
=
=
aksikan produk intermediete (Metakrolein) dengan Metanol dan Oksigen dari udara
= 55 oc = 328.15 oK
= 1.0000 atm
= 0.937
Hysys
Hysys
Hysys
+ O2 = C5H8O2 + H2O
Oksigen Metil Metakrilat Air
(Pers.2.39 Levenspiel)
= 6.20E+23 molekul/mol
= 1.30E-23 J/K
= 55 oC = 328.15
= 70.0910
= 32.0420
= 31.9990
= 0.001987 kkal/mol. K
(Pers.11-14 JM.Smith)
(VA)^1/3
oA
m
cm
(VB)^1/3
oA
m
cm
(VC)^1/3
oA
m
cm
ΔH 298 - R.T (Pers.2-47 Levenspiel)
-18659.4254 KJ/kmol
-4.4567 kkal/mol
ΔH 298 - R.T
-4.4567 kkal/mol - 0.0020 kkal/mol. K x 328.15
-5.1088 kkal/mol
cm3/mol det
m3/ Kmol. Det
m3/ Kmol. Jam
9974.0000 kg/jam
792.8000 kg/m3 Hysys
laju alir massa

densitas
12.5807 m3/jam
53.2184 kmol/jam
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
4.2301543144 kmol/m3
53.2094 kmol/jam
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
4.2294403007 kmol/m3
141.8505 kmol/jam
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
11.275221434 kmol/m3
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
m3/jam
kmol/m3 x ( 1 - 0.9370 )
kmol/m3
kmol/m3 - 1/1 4.2302 kmol/m3 x 0.9370 )

kmol/m3
jam x 12.5807 m3/jam
m3
0.2000 ) x 11.4610 m3
m3

 DT 3  

nk”, p-160)
DT
DT
HT
HL
DT
DT
DT
DT
DT
DT
DT
= 2.1221 m
Hs = 4
= 8.4884 m
h = 0.25
= 0.5305 m
0.5
H 


 = Hs + 2h
= 9.5494 m
= 0.75 Hs
= 6.3663 m
Di = 0.359080007
= 0.7620 m 0.7620
= 2.5000 ft
Hi = 0.3
= 0.6366 m
Wb = 0.1
= 0.2122 m
g = 0.2
= 0.1524 m
r = 0.25
= 0.1905 m
rb = /48
= 0.0442 m

t = 0.1557 in
= 0.0040 m
= 0.3955 cm
= 2.1221 m
= ID + 2t
= 2.1300 m
0.8026 ρ air pada 50oC = 987.8000 kg/m3
6.3663 m
20.8867 ft
x spgr
16.7635 ft
139.9519 rpm
2.3325 rps
0.3340 cp HYSYS
0.0003 kg/m. s
32148.0603
N3 Di5
c
= 12923.8370 J/s
= 17.3311 hp
17.3311 hp
= 88%
19.6945 hp = 20 hp
= Di
= 0.7620 m 0.7620
= 0.8 Di
= 0.6096 m
= 0,25  do2 Vo
6.5 mm = 0.0065 m
1
Nt
do ( )
0,319
2,142
1
Nt
do ( )
0,319
2,142
2,142
Ds
0, 319( )
do
8623.3859 buah
8623 buah
1
Nt x π do 2
4
0.2860 m2
At x Vo
21614.6354 kg/jam
1.0921 kg/m3

19791.8097 m3/jam
flowrate total / At
19791.8097 m3/jam / 0.2860 m2
69200.8318 m/jam
19.2225 m/s
= 0,25  do2 Vo
= 2.2951 m3/jam
D
D
OD
OD Flow Area
Jacket
= ( π D H + 241 π D ) − ( π OD
2
L
Flow Area 3
Jacket
2
HL +
1
24
π OD 3 )
1
= π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D 3 − OD 3 )
24
4377.4347 kg/jam 437.7435

0.9110 jam
437.7435 kg/jam x 0.9110 jam / 942.6000 kg/m3

0.4231 m3
6.3663 m
2.1300 m
=
( π D H + 241 π D ) − ( π OD
2
L
3 2
HL +
1
24
π OD 3 )
= 1
π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D 3 − OD 3 )
24
= 19.9901 (D2 -
4.5369 ) - 0.1308 (D3 -
= 2.1351 meter
0.4231 m3
D - OD
2.1351 m - 2.1300 m
0.0051 m
0.51 cm
K
K
DT
Timmerhaus)
14.6960 psi
41.7734 in
HYSYS
D
OD
Flow Area
Jacket
9.6636 )
REAKTOR - 02 (R - 02)
Fungsi : Tempat terjadinya proses pembentukan Metil Metakrilat dengan mereaksikan produk intermediete (Metakr

Tekanan
Konversi
Perhitungan :

Metakrolein
WG= 3730.132 kg/jam
VA= 4.661 m3/jam
Metanol
WG= 1704.937 kg/jam
VB= 2.262 m3/jam
Oksigen
WG= 4539.073 kg/jam
F CO = 141.850 kmol/jam
VC= 3820.769 m3/jam
Reaksi
C4H6O + CH3OH
Metakrolein Metanol
atau : A + B + C = D + E
BERDASARKAN BAB 22 LEVENSPIEL YAITU REAKSI SOLID LIQUID DAN GAS
Data
Kag( Koefisien film gas) 0.0003
Kal(koefisien film liquid) 0.02
Kac(koefisien film solid) 3.86E-04
dP (diameter katalis) 0.000005
rho katalus 12023
De (Difusivitas Solid) 4.16E-10
fs( solid loading) 4.99E-05
Ha (konstanta Henry utk Oksigen 67146
Cb (Konsentrasi akhir liquid) 0.2666
Cb 0(Konsentrasi awal liquid) 4.2305
Vl (Volume liquid) 5.0926
Vr (Volume reaktor) 6.1111
O2 (g ke l) + (Metakrolein+metanol)(l) --------------> MMA

rA = K'CaCb
> ac = 6fs/dp
Kac.ac =
MT Optimum yaitu 0.3
MT =L
√ k ' Cb ρs
De
MT =L
√ k ' Cb ρs
De
MT/L = 360000
(MT/L)^2 = 129600000000
kcbps 7705124519230.77
De 4.16E-10
K' = 0.0168199748
dari halaman 508 levenspiel
−rA ''''=
0.0496430664
50
2590.6735751295
371.7073272852
1.5090251095
−rA ''''= 5.01E-04
menentukan waktu reaksi

3297.1100690472
54.9518344841
0.9158639081
1
Vs   DT
2
H s
4
V = τ .1
Q
V
= E   DT
3
0.0000
24
= 1 0.0000
h  DT
4
HT  H s  2h
volume total = (1 +  1 
2.5 DT  H s  2  DT 
= 4  0.0000
H s  2.0 DT

VT  Vs  2V E
 DT 2 H s  2   DT 3 
1 1
  
4  24 
5. menentukan konfigurasi  11
mixer  DT 3
24

b. Ratio diameter impeller terhadap diameter tanki : Di/DT 1 = 0,2
 24 VT 
D
c. Ratio lebar baffle 
Tterhadap diameter tanki : Wb/DT 
= 0,1 3
 tanki11  tanki : Hi/DT = 0,3
d. Ratio tinggi impeller dari dasar terhadap diameter
Perhitungan :
HT
diameter tangki
HL

 P. ri 
t     C
 S . E  0.6 P 
Tinggi silinder
tinggi tutup
0.5
 600   WELH 
N 
 
 x  

  tinggi
Ditotal
tangki 2 Di 
tinggi liquid
HL
diameter impeler
HL
tinggi impeler
lebar baffle
dimana :
P
r
S
E
C
maka :
ID
OD

spgr =
=
=
WELH =
=
Jadi :
N =
=

μL =
=
2
ρ N Di
N Re = L
μL
N Re =
tenaga pengaduk
3 5
Po ρL N Di
P =
gc
P

perhitungan :
diameter sparger Ds
tinggi sparger hs
debit per orifice q

1
Nt
diameter sparger = do( )
0,319
2,142
maka :
=
=
1
4
=
flowrate total =
massa udara =
densitas udara =
flowrate total =
=
maka :
Vo =
=
=
=
jadi :'
debit per orifice q

D
D
Flow OD
HL area OD
Jacket
Flow Area
Jacket
Flow Area
Jacket

residence time =
=
maka :
0.0000 m3
D
140.4803

=
=
=
aksikan produk intermediete (Metakrolein) dengan Metanol dan Oksigen dari udara
= 55 oc = 328.15 oK
= 1.0000 atm
= 0.937
Hysys
Hysys
Hysys
+ O2 = C5H8O2 + H2O
Oksigen Metil Metakrilat Air
mol/m3. pa.s
m3l/m2.s
m/s
m
kg/m3
m3/m cat.s
pa.m3l/mol 0.089362715 pa
Kmol.m3 266.6 mol.m3
Kmol.m4 4230.5 mol.m4
m3
m3 0.8333360606
273.15
59.88
2.31E-02
m^-1
m^-2
mol.kgmcat/m^6
m3/m cat.s
273.15
SEKON
menit
JAM
jam x 0.0000 m3/jam
m3
0.2000 ) x 0.0000 m3
m3

 DT 3  

nk”, p-160)
DT
DT
HT
HL
DT
DT
DT
DT
DT
DT
= 0.0000 m
Hs = 4
= 0.0000 m
h = 0.25
= 0.0000 m
0.5
H 


 = Hs + 2h
= 0.0000 m
= 0.75 Hs
= 0.0000 m
Di = 0.359080007
= 0.0000 m 0.7620
= 0.0000 ft
Hi = 0.3
= 0.0000 m
Wb = 0.1
= 0.0000 m
g = 0.2
= 0.0000 m
r = 0.25
= 0.0000 m
rb = /48
= 0.0000 m

t = 0.1250 in
= 0.0032 m
= 0.3175 cm
= 0.0000 m
= ID + 2t
= 0.0064 m
#VALUE! ρ air pada 50oC = 987.8000 kg/m3
0.0000 m
0.0000 ft
x spgr
#VALUE! ft
#DIV/0! rpm
#DIV/0! rps
0.3340 cp HYSYS
0.0003 kg/m. s
#VALUE!
3 5
N Di
c
= #VALUE! J/s
= #VALUE! hp
#VALUE! hp
= 88%
#VALUE! hp = #VALUE! hp
= Di
= 0.0000 m 0.7620
= 0.8 Di
= 0.0000 m
= 0,25  do2 Vo
6.5 mm = 0.0065 m
1
Nt
do ( )
0,319
2,142
2,142
Ds
0, 319( )
do
0.0000 buah
0 buah
1
Nt x π do 2
4
0.0000 m2
At x Vo
21614.6354 kg/jam
1.0921 kg/m3

19791.8097 m3/jam
flowrate total / At
19791.8097 m3/jam / 0.0000 m2
#DIV/0! m/jam
#DIV/0! m/s
= 0,25  do2 Vo
= #DIV/0! m3/jam

OD
OD Flow Area
Jacket
= ( π D H + 241 π D ) − ( π OD
2
L
Flow Area 3
Jacket
2
HL +
1
24
π OD
3
)
1
= π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D 3 − OD 3 )
24
4377.4347 kg/jam 437.7435

0.0000 jam
437.7435 kg/jam x 0.0000 jam / 942.6000 kg/m3

0.0000 m3
0.0000 m
0.0064 m
=
( π D H + 241 π D ) − ( π OD
2
L
3 2
HL +
1
24
π OD 3 )
= 1
π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D 3 − OD 3 )
24
= 0.0000 (D2 -
0.0000 ) - 0.1308 (D3 -
= 2.1351 meter
-1.2734 m3
D - OD
2.1351 m - 0.0064 m
2.1287 m
212.87 cm
202.2752
K
K
DT
Timmerhaus)
14.6960 psi
0.0000 in
HYSYS
D
OD
Flow Area
Jacket
0.0000 )
REAKTOR - 02
CSTR WITH OXYGEN DISTRIBUTOR
Ket : Aliran 9 =
Aliran 10 =
Aliran 11 =
Aliran 12 =
54.85
A. Data Feed Reaktor-02 2.4E-07

Metakrolein 70.091 3730.131901027 53.2184146471
Metanol 32.042 1704.936614878 53.2094318357
Oksigen 31.999 4539.073430425 141.8504775282
Nitrogen 28.014 17075.56 609.5367299405
Metil Metakrilat 100.1175000016 0 0
Air 18.015 0.1618253473 0.0089828114
Senyawa Laju Alir(kg/h) act volume (m3/h)Oksigen Terlarut

Udara 21614.63538298 19791.8097088 798.3503912369 kg/h
Nitrogen 17075.56195255 15635.52966995 797.8255395614
Oksigen 4539.073430425 4156.280038847 798.3503912369
x=0.175884 densitas pd 50 c 1.0921 kg/m3
B. Data Feed Katalis

Senyawa Pd5Pb5Mg2/Al2O3 74.4537305594 kg 0.01996 (Patent No. US 2014/0
Pd 0.0491 3.6557 kg persentase katalis dari jumlah me
Pb 0.0490 3.6482 kg
Mg 0.0194 1.4444 kg Sumber: Yanyan Diaoa,b, Ruiyi Y
Al2O3 0.8825 65.7054 kg Effects of Pb and Mg doping in A
esterification of aldehydes with a
C. Konversi Reaksi Journal of Molecular Catalysis A
Konversi metakrolein(C4H6O) 93.70%

D. Kondisi Operasi Reaktor
T reaktor 50 (Patent No. US 2014/0206897 A1, Hal 3)

P reaktor 1 atm
E. Reaksi Pada Reaktor
C4H6O CH3OH 1/2 O2 C5H8O2 H2O

M 53.2184 53.2094 141.8505 0.0000 0.0000
R 49.8657 49.8657 24.9328 49.8657 49.8657
S 3.3528 3.3438 116.9177 49.8657 49.8657
F. Neraca Massa Reaktor
Input Output
Komponen
kg kmol kg kmol kg
Metakrolein 3730.131901027 53.2184146471 0 0 234.9983
Metanol 1704.936614878 53.2094318357 0 0 107.1413
Oksigen 0 0 4539.073430425 141.8505 3741.248
Nitrogen 17075.56 609.5367 17075.56
Metil Metakrilat 0 0 0 0 4992.425
Air 0.1618253473 0.0089828114 0 0 898.4916
Katalis 74.4537305594 74.45373
5509.684071812 Err:522 21614.63538298 Err:522 27124.32
Total
27124.3194547885 27124.3194548695
input Reaktor (kg) output Reaktor (kg)

Komponen
aliran 16 aliran 17 aliran 18 aliran 19
Metakrolein 3,730.1319 0.0000 234.9983097647 0.0000
Metanol 1,704.9366 0.0000 107.1413126108 0.0000
Oksigen 0.0000 4,539.0734 0.0000 3741.248
Nitrogen 0.0000 17,075.5620 0.0000 17075.56
Metil Metakrilat 0.0000 0.0000 4992.424666917 0.0000
Air 0.1618 0.0000 898.4915916024 0.0000
katalis 74.4537 0.0000 74.4537305594 0.0000
5,509.6841 21,614.6354 6307.509611454 20816.81
Total
27124.3195 27124.3194548695
3730.131901027 50
X 1
74.6026380205 Pd 4.9% 3.66299
Pb 4.9% 3.655529
Mg 1.9% 1.447291
Al2O3 88.2500% 65.83683
M
R
S
Input Seluruh Reaktan
Input Oksigen
Venting Oksigen
Output Produk Utama dan Produk Samping
851.8754
densitas p 1.0921
15635530
260592
(Patent No. US 2014/0206897 A1, Hal 3)

e katalis dari jumlah metakrolien masuk reaktor
Yanyan Diaoa,b, Ruiyi Yana,b, Suojiang Zhanga,∗, Pu Yanga, Zengxi Li b, LeiWanga, Haifeng Donga,b
Pb and Mg doping in Al2O3-supported Pd catalyst on direct oxidative
ion of aldehydes with alcohols to esters
Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 303 (2009) 35–42
Output
kmol bereaksi
3.35276 3495.134
3.343777 1597.795
116.9177 797.8255
609.5367
49.86565 898.3298
49.87464
832.8912
27124.3194548695
aliran 19 aliran 18
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 74.4537
0.0000 74.4537
REAKTOR (R-02)
Fungsi = untuk menghitung panas masuk reaktor-02 dengan panas yang keluar dari reaktor
Neraca Massa Reaktor-01

Masuk Aliran 3
Komponen
Kg Kmol
Metakrolein (C4H6O) 3730.1319010267 53.2184146471
Metanol (CH3OH) 1704.9366148781 53.2094318357
Oksigen (O2) 4539.0734304252 141.8504775282
Nitrogen (N2) 17075.5619525518 609.5367299405
Metil Metakrilat (C5H8O2) 0 0
Air (H2O) 0.1618253473 0.0089828114
Total 27049.8657 857.8240
MENGHITUNG KAPASITAS PANAS DENGAN METODE RIHANY & DOROIS

(SATUAN : KKAL/KMOL)
Input dari H-01
IN
Celcius Kelvin
T ref 25.000 298.150
Toperasi 50.000 323.150
Komponen NILAI
A B
Metakrolein (C4H6O) 16568 278.56
Metanol (CH3OH) 105800.00 -362.23
Oksigen (O2) 68337.00 -613.54
Nitrogen (N2) -33400.00 3507.00
Metil Metakrilat (C5H8O2) 529780.00 -5340.70
Air (H2O) 276370.00 -2090.10
a. Panas sensibel dari aliran campuran input R pada T = 55 oC
Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dt (kj/kmol K)

Metakrolein (C4H6O) 53.2184 502.9157
Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dt (kj/kmol)

Metanol (CH3OH) 53.2094 2536.6880
Oksigen (O2) 141.8505 1554.8917

Nitrogen (N2) 609.5367 38.4798

Air (H2O) 0.0090 6677.9106
Qin= Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 405817.077 kj
b. Panas sensibel dari aliran campuran produk R pada T = 55 oC

Metakrolein (C4H6O) 3.3564 502.9157

Metanol (CH3OH) 3.3474 2536.6880

Oksigen (O2) 116.9012 1554.8917

Nitrogen (N2) 609.5367 38.4798

Metil Metakrilat (C5H8O2) 49.9194 11690.9795

Air (H2O) 49.9284 6677.9106
Qout= Q5 + Q6 + Q7 + Q8 + Q9 1132426.8200
c. Panas Reaksi Qr
Diketahui data panas pembentukkan pada T = 25 oC = 298.15 K

produk :
Metil Metakrilat (C5H8O2) = 347.4
Air (H2O) = -285.830
reaktan :
Metakrolein (C4H6O) = -112
Metanol (CH3OH) = -238.660
Oksigen (O2) = 0
∆Hf = -412.230
Panas pembentukkan Standard pereaktan dan Bahan baku pada T = 298.15 K
Komponen n(kmol/jam) ∆Hf (kj/kmol)

Metakrolein 53.2184 -112.0000
Metanol 53.2094 -238.6600
Oksigen 141.8505 0.0000
Total
Panas pembentukkan standard produk pada T = 298.15 K
Komponen n(kmol/jam) ∆Hf (kj/kmol)

Metil Metakrilat 49.8985 347.4000
Air 49.9074 -285.8300
Total
∆HRᵒ = 21729.106 kj/jam
Menghitung Panas Reaksi pada T = 50 oC
Panas produk
Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dT
Metil Metakrilat 49.898 11690.979
Air 49.9074407134 6677.911
Total
Panas pereaktan
Komponen n(kmol/jam) Cp dT
Metakrolein 53.2184 502.9157
Metanol 53.2094 2536.6880
Oksigen 141.8505 1554.8917
Total
∆HR = 556066.164 kj/jam
d. Total panas
Cp air = 4.1860 (Kkal/Kg K)
T1 = 120
T2 = 50
Tref = 25
Neraca Panas pada R-01

Q1 + Q-win = Q2 + Qr +Q-wout
Qs = Q-wout - Q-win
= Q1 - Q2 - Qr
Qs = -1282675.907
e. Jumlah pemanas yang dibutuhkan
4377.4346686122 kg/jam
f. Panas sensibel yang dibawa oleh steam pendingin masuk
1740774.44466702 kj/jam
g. Panas sensibel steam keluar dari R-01
458098.538070268 kj/jam
NERACA PANAS R-01

Komponen Panas Masuk (kj/jam) Panas Keluar (kj/jam)
Q in 405817.0775 0.0000
Q out 0.0000 1132426.8200
Qr 0.0000 556066.1640
Q-win 1740774.4447 0.0000
Q-wout 0.0000 458098.5381
Total 2146591.5221 2146591.5221
yang keluar dari reaktor-02
Keluar Aliran 5
Kg Kmol
235.1529040344 3.354965745
107.2120132645 3.3459838108
3740.7230391883 116.9012481386
17075.5619525518 609.5367299405
4995.7089469019 49.8984587791
899.0825444519 49.9074407134
27053.4414 832.9448
E RIHANY & DOROISWARNY

)
OUT
Celcius Kelvin
25.000 298.150
50.000 323.150
Cp dT
C D E IN
0.31981 0 0 502.9157
0.94 0.00 0.00 2536.6880
7.93 -0.03 0.00 1554.8917
-46.70 0.21 0.00 38.4798
22.71 -0.03 0.00 11690.9795
81.25 -0.01 0.00 6677.9106
Q1 (kj/jam)
26764.3750 26764.375 kj Komponen
Metakrolein
Q2 (kj/jam) Metanol
134975.7283 134975.728 kj Oksigen
Nitrogen
Q3 (kj/jam) Air
220562.1254 220562.125 kj Tot
Q3 (kj/jam)
23454.8623 23454.862 kj Komponen
Metakrolein
Q4 (kj/jam) Metanol
59.9864 59.986 kj Oksigen
Nitrogen
Metil Metakrilat
Air
Tot
Q5 (kj/jam)
1687.9729 1687.973 kj
Q6 (kj/jam)
8491.2861 8491.286 kj
Q7 (kj/jam)
181768.7766 181768.777 kj
Q3 (kj/jam)
23454.8623 23454.862 kj
Q8 (kj/jam)
583606.6580 583606.658 kj
Q9 (kj/jam)
333417.2642 333417.264 kj
kj
Sumber: Thermodynamics (J.M.Smith) hal 659 & Perry hal 197 &
kj/kmol
kj/kmol
kj/kmol
kj/kmol
kj/kmol
kj/kmol
= 298.15 K T = 25 C
n. ∆Hf
-5960.4624
-12698.9630
0.0000
-18659.4254
T = 25 C
n. ∆Hf
17334.7246
-14265.0438
3069.6808
Q (kj/kmol)
583361.858
333277.428
916639.287 916639.287 kj
Q (kj/kmol)
26764.3750
134975.7283
220562.1254
382302.2288 382302.229 kj
(endotermis)
C 393.15 K
C 323.150 K
C 298.15 K
Balance!
OUT
502.9157
2536.6880
1554.8917
38.4798
11690.9795
6677.9106
n(kmol/jam) Cp dt (kj/kmol K) Q1 (kj/jam)

53.2184 502.9157 26764.3750
53.2094 2536.6880 134975.7283
141.8505 1554.8917 220562.1254
609.5367 38.4798 23454.8623
0.0090 6677.9106 59.9864
Total 405817.0775
n(kmol/jam) Cp dt (kj/kmol K) Q1 (kj/jam)

3.3550 502.9157 1687.2649
3.3460 2536.6880 8487.7171
116.9012 1554.8917 181768.7766
609.5367 38.4798 23454.8623
49.8985 11690.9795 583361.8583
49.9074 6677.9106 333277.4283
Total 1132037.9073
REAKTOR - 02 (R - 02)
Fungsi : Tempat terjadinya proses pembentukan asam terephtalat lebih lanjut dengan mereaksikan produk intermed
Tipe : Continous Stirred Tank Reactor dengan menggunakan Sparger
Kondisi operasi : Temperatur = 205 oc =

Tekanan = #REF! atm
Konversi = 0.997
Perhitungan :

Liquid paraxylene
WG= 410.048 kg/jam
Densitas = #REF! kg/m3
VA= #REF! m3/jam
Gas Oksigen
WG= 7507.458 kg/jam
VB= #REF! m3/jam
Reaksi 1
C6H4(CH3)2 + O2 = C6H4CH3COH + H2O

p-xylene p-toluic aldehyd
atau : A + B = C + D
− E/RT
k= A.e
2
k=
dimana :
( σ A + σB
2 ) N
103 √ 8. π .K .T
1
+
1
M A MB (
e
−E/RT
)
N = bilangan avogandro =
K = konstanta Boltzmann =
T = temperatur reaksi =
MA = BM molekul A =
MB = BM molekul B =
E = energi aktivasi
R = konstanta gas =
1
σ A = 1, 18 ( V A ) 3
= 1.18 (VA)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
1
3
σ B = 1,18 ( V B )
= 1.18 (VB)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
Energi aktivasi
E = ΔH 298 - R.T
ΔH 298 = -14686.3632 KJ/kmol

= -3.5078 kkal/mol
E = ΔH 298 - R.T
= -3.5078 kkal/mol -
= -4.4579 kkal/mol
√
σ A + σB
k= ( 2 ) N
103
8. π .K .T
( 1
+
1
M A MB
e
)
−E/RT
k1 = #REF! cm3/mol det

k1 = #REF! m3/ Kmol. Det
k1 = #REF! m3/ Kmol. Jam
Waktu Reaksi 1 :
laju alir massa = 78029.8743 kg/jam

densitas campuran = #REF! kg/m3
volumetrik flowrate = laju alir massa

densitas
= #REF! m3/jam
mol paraxylene mula-mula, n Ao = 3.8623 kmol/jam
konsentrasi mula-mula, C Ao = n AO
volumetrik flowrate
= #REF! kmol/m3
mol oksigen mula-mula, n Bo = 234.6154 kmol/jam
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
= #REF! kmol/m3
X = 0.997
C Ao = #REF! kmol/m3
C Bo = #REF! kmol/m3
Q = #REF! m3/jam
CA = C Ao (1- X A)
= #REF! kmol/m3 x ( 1 - 0.9970
= #REF! kmol/m3
CB = CBo – b/a (CAo – CA)

= CBo – 1/1 (CAo – CAo (1-XA))
= CBo – 1/1 (CAo – CAo + CAo . XA)
= CBo – 1/1 CAo . XA
= #REF! kmol/m3 - 1/1 ( #REF! kmol/m3 x
= #REF! kmol/m3
persaman untuk laju reaksi berorde dua :
C B . C Ao 1
ln = CAo ( M- ) kt
C Bo . C A 2
C Bo
M =
C Ao
= #REF!
1 C B . C Ao
t = ln
1 C Bo . C A
CAo ( M- )k
2
t1 = #REF! jam
t1 = #REF! menit
Liquid Asam p - toluic aldehyd

WG= 1672.200 kg/jam
VA= #REF! m3/jam
Gas oksigen
WG= 7384.201 kg/jam
Densitas = #REF! kg/m3 =
VB= #REF! m3/jam
Reaksi 2
C6H4CH3COH + 1/2 O2 = C6H4CHCOOH

p-toluic aldehyd asam p-toluat
atau : A + 1/2 B = C
k = A . e− E/RT
2
√
σ A + σB
k= ( 2 ) N
103
8. π .K .T
( 1
+
1
M A MB )
e
−E/RT
dimana :
MA = BM molekul A =
MB = BM molekul B =
E = energi aktivasi
R = konstanta gas =
1
3
σ A = 1, 18 ( V A )
1
3
σ A = 1, 18 ( V A )
= 1.18 (VA)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
1
3
σ B = 1,18 ( V B )
= 1.18 (VB)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
Energi aktivasi
E = ΔH 298 - R.T
ΔH 298 = -14686.3632 KJ/kmol

= -3.5078 kkal/mol
E = ΔH 298 - R.T
= -3.5078 kkal/mol -
= -4.4579 kkal/mol
2
k= (
k2 =
σ A + σB
2 ) N
103 √ 8. π .K .T
#REF! cm3/mol det

( 1
+
1
M A MB
e
)
−E/RT

Waktu Reaksi 2 :


densitas
= #REF! m3/jam
mol p-toluic aldehyd mula-mula, n Ao = 13.9176 kmol/jam
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
= #REF! kmol/m3
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
= #REF! kmol/m3
X = 0.997
Q = #REF! m3/jam
CA = C Ao (1- X A)
= #REF! kmol/m3 x ( 1 - 0.9970
= #REF! kmol/m3

= CBo – 1/2 (CAo – CAo (1-XA))
= CBo – 1/2(CAo – CAo + CAo . XA)
= #REF! kmol/m3
C B . C Ao 1
ln = CAo (M- ) kt
C Bo . C A 2
M = C Bo
C Ao
= #REF!
1 C B . C Ao
t = ln
1 C Bo . C A
CAo ( M- )k
2
t2 = #REF! jam
t2 = #REF! menit
Liquid asam p-toluat

WG= 13771.390 kg/jam
VA= #REF! m3/jam
Gas oksigen
WG= 7162.125 kg/jam
VB= #REF! m3/jam
Reaksi 3
C6H4CHCOOH + O2 = C6H4COHCOOH + H2O

asam p-toluic 4-CBA
atau : A + B = C + D
− E/RT
k= A.e
2
k=
σ A + σB
(
2 ) N
103 √ 8. π .K .T
( 1
+
1
M A MB
e
)−E/RT
dimana :
MA = BM molekul A =
MB = BM molekul B =
E = energi aktivasi
R = konstanta gas =
1
3
σ A = 1, 18 ( V A )
= 1.18 (VA)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
1
σ B = 1,18 ( V B ) 3
= 1.18 (VB)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
Energi aktivasi
E = ΔH 298 - R.T
ΔH 298 = -14686.3632 KJ/kmol

= -3.5078 kkal/mol
E = ΔH 298 - R.T
= -3.5078 kkal/mol -
= -4.4579 kkal/mol
√
σ A + σB
k= ( 2 ) N
103
8. π .K .T
( 1
+
1
M A MB )
e
−E/RT

Waktu Reaksi 3 :


densitas
= #REF! m3/jam
mol asam p-toluat mula-mula, n Ao = 101.1483 kmol/jam
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
= #REF! kmol/m3
n AO
volumetrik flowrate
= #REF! kmol/m3
X = 0.997
Q = #REF! m3/jam
CA = C Ao (1- X A)
= #REF! kmol/m3 x ( 1 - 0.9970
= #REF! kmol/m3

= CBo – 1/1 (CAo – CAo (1-XA))
= #REF! kmol/m3

C B . C Ao 1
ln = CAo (M- ) kt
C Bo . C A 2
C Bo
M =
C Ao
= #REF!
1 C B . C Ao
t = ln
1 C Bo . C A
CAo ( M- )k
2
t3 = #REF! jam
t3 = #REF! menit
Sehingga ;Waktu Reaksi Total :
ttotal = #REF! jam

ttotal = #REF! menit
Untuk menentukan volume reaktor tipe plug flow (PFR) digunakan persamaan :
V V C Ao C . XA
τ= = = Ao
vo F Ao −r A
V
τ=
vo
V
τ=
Q
V=τ .Q
V = τ.Q
= #REF! jam x #REF! m3/jam
= #REF! m3

volume total = (1 + 0.2000 ) x #REF!
= #REF! m3



Perhitungan :
diameter tangki
1
Vs = π D 2 Hs
4 T

1
VE = π D 3
24 T
1
h= D
4 T
H T = H s + 2h
1
2.5 DT = H s + 2 ( )D
4 T
H s = 2.0 DT
H T = H s + 2h
1
2.5 DT = H s + 2 ( ) D
4 T
H s = 2.0 DT
VT = V s + 2 V E
1 1
= π D 2 Hs + 2
4 T 24
π D 3
T ( )
11
= π D 3
24 T
1
24 V T
DT =
11 π( ) 3
DT = #REF! m
Tinggi silinder Hs =
=
tinggi tutup h =
=
tinggi total tangki HT =

=
tinggi liquid HL =
=
diameter impeler Di =
=
=
tinggi impeler Hi =
=
lebar baffle Wb =
=
lebar baffle pengaduk g =
=
panjang blade pengaduk r =

=
posisi baffle dari dinding tangki rb =

=
P . ri
t= (
S . E − 0 .6 P
+C )
dimana :
P = tekanan desain
r = jari-jari vessel
S = working stress allowable
E = joint effisiensi
C = korosi maksimum
maka : t = #REF!
= #REF!
= #REF!
ID = #REF! m
OD = ID + 2t
= #REF! m

0. 5
600 WELH
N= (
π Di
x ) (
2 Di )
spgr = #REF!
HL
HL = #REF! m
= #REF! ft
WELH = HL x spgr
= #REF! ft
Jadi :
N = #REF! rpm
= #REF! rps

μL = #REF! cp
= #REF! kg/m. s
2
ρ L N Di
N Re =
μL
N Re = #REF!
tenaga pengaduk
Dari Fig. 6.5 Treybal didapat, Po = 5
3 5
P ρ N Di
P= o L
gc
P = #REF! J/s
= #REF! hp
Dari Fig.14.38 Peter, untuk Brake Horse Power = #REF!
diperoleh efisiensi motor sebesar = 83%
sehingga tenaga pengaduk yang dibutuhkan sebesar = #REF!

perhitungan :
diameter sparger Ds = Di
= #REF! m
tinggi sparger hs = 0.8 Di

= #REF! m
debit per orifice q = 0,25  do2 Vo

ambil diameter orifice = do = 5 mm = 0.0050

1
Nt
do ( )
0,319
2,142
1
Nt
0,319
2,142
maka :
2,142
Ds
jumlah orifice, Nt = 0, 319 ( )
do
= #REF! buah
= 6100 buah
1
4
= 0.1197 m2
flowrate total = At x Vo
massa udara = 32232.6346 kg/jam

densitas udara = #REF! kg/m3
flowrate total = massa udara / densitas udara

= #REF! m3/jam
maka :
Vo = flowrate total / At
= #REF! m3/jam / 0.1197
= #REF! m/jam
= #REF! m/s
jadi :'
debit per orifice q = 0,25  do2 Vo

= #REF! m3/jam
6. Design Jacket Cooling System
overall heat transfer coefficienU = 200 - 500 W/m2. oC
Fouling factor coefficient Rd = 3000 - 6000 W/m2 . oC

D
OD
Flow
HL area
Jacket
Flow Area
Jacket
volumetric flow area jacket cooling system = ( π D H + 241 π D ) − ( π OD

2
L
3 2
HL +
1
24
π
1
= π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D 3 − OD 3 )
24
flowrate cooling water = 836911.6770 kg/jam 83691.1677

densitas air (30 oC) = 995.6470 kg/m3
residence time = #REF! jam
volumetrik flowrate = 83691.1677 kg/jam x #REF!

= #REF! m3
tinggi jacket = tinggi liquid di dalam reaktor #REF! m
OD = outside diameter reaktor-01 #REF! m
maka :
volumetric flow area jacket cooling system =
( π D H + 241 π D ) − ( π OD
2
L
3 2
HL +
1
24
π
= 1
π H L ( D 2 − OD 2 ) − π ( D 3 − OD 3 )
24
#REF! m3 = #REF! (D2 -
D = 2.6920 meter
#REF! m3
Sehingga, tebal jacket = D - OD

= 2.6920 m - #REF!
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
KOMPONEN BM
p-xylene 106.1670
aksikan produk intermediete dengan oksigen dari udara oksigen 31.9990
nitrogen 28.0140
asam asetat 60.0530
Tetrahydrated Co-Asetat 249.0900
Tetrahydrated Mn-Asetat 245.0800
asam bromida 80.9200
asam terephthalat 166.1340
4-carboxybenzaldehyde 150.1345
p-toluic aldehyd 120.1500
air 18.0150
asam p-toluat 136.1505
478.15 oK
−E/RT(Pers.2.39 Levenspiel)
e
6.20E+23 molekul/mol
1.3E-16 erg/K
205 oC = 478.15 K
106.1670
31.9990
0.001987 kkal/mol. K
(Pers.2-47 Levenspiel)
0.0020 kkal/mol. K x 478.15 K

)
0.9970 )
1.3E-16 erg/K
205 oC = 478.15
120.1500
31.9990
0.0020 kkal/mol. K x 478.15

)
0.9970 )
1.3E-16 erg/K
205 oC = 478.15 K
136.1505
31.9990
0.0020 kkal/mol. K x 478.15 K

)
0.9970 )
m3
s yang cukup luas

ate blade turbine”
2 DT
#REF! m
0.25 DT
#REF! m
Hs + 2h
#REF! m
1.8 DT
#REF! m
0.2 DT
#REF! m
#REF! ft
0.3 DT
#REF! m
0.1 DT
#REF! m
0.2 DT
#REF! m
0.25 DT
#REF! m
DT /48
#REF! m
= #REF! atm = #REF! psi

= #REF! m = #REF! in
= 20000 psi table 4, Peter, hal538
= 1.00 table 4, Peter, hal538
= 0.125 in table 6, Peter, hal538
in
m
cm
ρ air pada 205 oC = #REF! kg/m3

hp
hp = 5 hp
ran (ring – shaped sparger)
m
m2
(table 12.1, Coulson hal 638)
(table 12.2, Coulson hal 516)

1
) (
D3 − π OD 2 H L +
24
π OD 3 )
1
− π ( D3 − OD 3 )
24
jam / 995.6470 kg/m3
1
) (
D3 − π OD 2 H L +
24
π OD 3 )
1
− π ( D3 − OD 3 )
24
#REF! ) - 0.1308 (D3 -
#REF! )
m
Liquid 4-CBA
WG= 15144.9794 kg/jam
VA= #REF! m3/jam
Gas oksigen
WG= 3934.1918 kg/jam
VB= #REF! m3/jam
Reaksi 4
C6H4COHCOOH + 1/2 O2 = C6H4(COOH)2

4-CBA asam terepthalat
atau : A + 1/2 B = C + D
dimana :
N = bilangan avogandro = 6.20E+23 molekul/mol
K = konstanta Boltzmann = 1.30E-16 erg/K
T = temperatur reaksi = 205.0000 oC
MA = BM molekul A = 150.1345
MB = BM molekul B = 31.9990
E = energi aktivasi
R = konstanta gas = 0.0020 kkal/mol. K
= 1.1800 (VA)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
= 1.1800 (VB)^1/3
= #REF! oA
= #REF! m
= #REF! cm
Energi aktivasi
E = ΔH 298 - R.T (Pers.2-47 Levenspiel)
ΔH 298 = -14686.3632 KJ/kmol

= -3.5078 kkal/mol
E = ΔH 298 - R.T
= -3.5078 kkal/mol - 0.0020 kkal/mol. K x
= -4.4579 kkal/mol
√
σ A + σB
k= ( 2 ) N
103
8. π .K .T
( 1
+
1
M A MB )
e
−E/RT

Waktu Reaksi 4 :


densitas
= #REF! m3/jam
mol 4-CBA mula-mula, n Ao = 100.8761 kmol/jam

n AO
volumetrik flowrate
#REF! kmol/m3
konsentrasi mula-mula, C Bo = n AO
volumetrik flowrate
#REF! kmol/m3
X = 0.9970
Q = #REF! m3/jam
CA = C Ao (1- X A)
= #REF! kmol/m3 x ( 1 - 0.9970 )
= #REF! kmol/m3

= CBo – 1/2 (CAo – CAo (1-XA))
= #REF! kmol/m3 - 1/2 ( #REF! kmol/m3 0.9970 )
= #REF! kmol/m3

C B . C Ao 1
ln = CAo (M- ) kt
C Bo . C A 2
C Bo
M = C Ao
= #REF!
t4 = #REF! jam
t4 = #REF! menit
molekul/mol
= 478.1500 K
kkal/mol. K
kkal/mol. K x 478.1500 K
REAKTOR-01
Fungsi : Mereaksi anilin dengan formaldehid untuk menghasilkan MDA dan air
Tipe : Continous Stirred Tank Reactor
Gambar :
Komposisi umpan masuk reaktor
KomponenMol Massa (kg)Xm density Density campuran

aniline 54.85908 5109.026 0.599704 972.2386 583.0558
Formal deh 34.28692 1028.951 0.12078 1.256963 0.151816
HCL (katali 5.485908 200.2357 0.023504 1.516454 0.035643
Air 120.8378 2177.498 0.255598 964.433 246.5068
Chloroben 0.031368 3.53078 0.000414 1037.127 0.429835
total 8519.241 1 830.1798
Reaksi
2 anilin + Formaldeh >>> MDA + Air
Kondisi Operasi
T = 80 C
P = 1.2 atm
Waktu reak= 30 menit 0.5 Jam US. Pat. No. 4792624
1. MENENTUKAN KONSTANTA LAJU REAKSI (k)

Reaksi yang terjadi merupaka reaksi orde 2 (levenspiel)
Laju alir massa, Mfr = 8519.241 kg/jam

Densitas campuran,ρc 830.1798 Kg/m3
Volumetric laju reaksi,= Mfr/ρc

= 10.26192 m3/jam
Konsentrasi Umpan,
Fao ( mol umpan Formaldehid ma= 34.28692 Kmol/jam mol Formaldehid sisa
Cao = Fao/Qf = 3.34118 kmol/m3 Ca
Fbo ( mol umpan anilin masuk R- = 54.85908 kmol/jam mol anilin sisa
Cbo = Fbo/Qf = 5.345887 kmol/m3 Cb
Persamaan laju reaksi untuk orde 2 adalah
(- ra = k CaCb (levenspiel, pers 49)
untuk persamaan reaksi orde 2, digunakan

dimana diketahui
dX B 1
C Bo = k (C Ao − C Bo X Bo ) (C Bo − C Bo X B ) Cbo = 5.345887
dt 2
M= (Ca0/Cbo) 0.625
Xa(konversi) 0.69
C Bo dX B t = 0.5
= k . dt
C Ao 1
C Bo ( − X B ) C Bo (1− X B )
C Bo 2 sehingga nilai k adalah
C Bo dX B k = 0.137759 m3/kmol.jam
= k . dt
C Ao 1
C 2( − 2 X B ) (1−X B ) (-ra = k CaCb
Bo C
Bo = 0.566317 kmol/m3.jam
dimana :
C (-rb = kCbo(M-0,5Xb)(1-Xb)
M = Ao
C Bo = 0.063923
1 dX B
= k . dt
C Bo ( M − 1 2 X B ) (1− X B )
hasil int ergrasi persamaan diatas :
1 ( M − 1 2 XB)
ln = k .t
C Bo M (1 − X B )
2. MENENTUKAN VOLUME LIQUID
untuk menentukan volume reaktor cstr berpengaduk digunakan :
V= 66.84026 m3
safety facto 20%

V= (1+0,2)xV
80.20831 m3


a. Ratio tinggi liquid terhadap diameter tanki : HL/DT = 1,8

Perhitungan :
diameter tangki

= 3.8198 m
Tinggi silinder Hs = 1.5

= 5.7296 m
tinggi tutup h = 0.25

= 0.9549 m
tinggi total tangki = Hs + 2h

= 7.6395 m
tinggi liquid = 1
= 6.8756 m
diameter impeler Di = 0.2

= 0.7640 m
= 2.5064 ft
tinggi impeler Hi = 0.3

= 1.1459 m
lebar baffle Wb = 0.1

= 0.3820 m
lebar baffle pengadu g = 0.2

= 0.1528 m
panjang blade pengar = 0.25

= 0.1910 m
posisi baffle dari dinding tangkrb = /48

0.0796 m
(table 4, hal 537, Peters and Timm
dimana :
P = tekanan desain = 1
r = jari-jari vessel = 1.9099
S = working stress allowable = 13700
E = joint effisiensi = 0.85
C = korosi maksimum = 0.1187
maka : t = 0.2327 in
= 0.0059 m
= 0.5910 cm
ID = 3.8198 m
OD = ID + 2t
= 3.8316 m
tebal dinding elipsoidal head =
= 0.1216 in
0.0031 m
5. kecepatan putaran pengaduk
spgr = 0.8608 ρ air pada 80 oC =
= 6.8756 m
= 22.5576 ft
WELH = x spgr
= 19.4175 ft
Jadi :
N = 150.0468 rpm
= 2.5008 rps
6. menentukan tenaga pengaduk

μL = 0.740 cp
= 0.00074 kg/m. s
= ###
tenaga pengaduk
Dari Fig. 6.5 Treybal didapat, P 4
Ket : g= untuk flate blade turbine

P = ### J/s
= 18.1228 hp
Dari Fig.14.38 Peter, untuk Brake Horse 18.1228 hp

diperoleh efisiensi motor sebes 88%
sehingga tenaga pengaduk yang dibutuhk 20.7118 hp = 21 hp
7. Desain Jacket Cooling System

overall heat transfer U = 200 - 500 W/m2. oC(table 12.1, Coulson hal 638)
Fouling factor coeffiRd = 3000 - 60 W/m2 . o (table 12.2, Coulson hal 516)
volumetric flow area jacket co =
flowrate cooling wat = ### kg/jam

densitas air (30 oC) = 1003.567 kg/m3
residence time = 1.000 jam (masih asumsi, cari lg referensi)
volumetrik flowrate = ### kg/jam x 1.000 jam / 1003.567 kg/m3

= 73.365 m3
jumlah rea 1 V= 73.365 m3
tinggi jacket = tinggi liquid di 6.876 m
OD = outside diameter reaktor-01 3.832 m
maka :
volumetric flow area jacket co =
=
73.365 m3 = 21.589 (D2 -
14.681 ) - 0.262
=
D = 4.284 meter
V = 73.365 m3
Sehingga, tebal jack = D - OD

= 4.284 m - 3.832 m
= 0.452 m
= 45.2 cm
Viscosity campuran
1.226906 0.735781
9.30E-03 0.001124
1.62E-02 0.000381
1.13E-02 0.002887
0.512639 0.000212
0.740385
= 15.36054 kmol/jam
= 1.496848 kmol/m3
= 17.00631 kmol/jam
= 1.657225 kmol/m3
m3/kmol.jam
kmol/m3.jam
yang cukup luas
te blade turbine”
hal 537, Peters and Timmerhaus)
atm = 17.6352 psi

m = 75.1921 in
psi table 4, Peter, hal538
in table 6, Peter, hal538
964.4330 kg/m3
untuk flate blade turbine
(D3 -
56.251 )

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REAKTOR - 02 (R - 02)

Kondisi operasi : Temperatur

1. konstanta kecepatan reaksi

VA= 4.871 m3/jam

VB= 2.049 m3/jam

Reaksi yang terjadi merupakan reaksi orde 2

Laju alir massa, Mfr =

Volumetric laju reaksi, Qf =

Fao ( mol umpan Propionaldehida masuk R-01

Fbo ( mol umpan Formaldehida masuk R-01

Persamaan laju reaksi untuk orde 2 adalah

untuk persamaan reaksi orde 2, digunakan

hasil int egrasi persamaan diatas :

Untuk menentukan volume reaktor digunakan persamaan :

faktor keamanan = 20.00%

3. Menentukan tipe pengaduk

4. menentukan konfigurasi mixer

a. Ratio tinggi liquid terhadap diameter tanki : HL/DT = 2.5

• Volume ellipsoidal bagian bawah (VE)

• Tinggi tangki (HT)

• Volume tangki total (VT)

• Diameter tangki (DT)

• Tinggi Tangki (Hs)

tinggi total tangki

lebar baffle pengaduk

panjang blade pengaduk

Tebal dinding tangki, t

kecepatan putaran pengaduk

menentukan tenaga pengaduk

Dari Fig. 6.5 Treybal didapat, Po =

sehingga tenaga pengaduk yang dibutuhkan sebesar =

5. Menentukan Desain Sparger

a. Rasio diameter sparger terhadap diameter impeller : Ds/Di = 1

debit per orifice q

dari Treybal (hal.153), diperoleh diameter orifice yang paling baik

ambil diameter orifice = do =

Luas area total orifice, At =

debit per orifice q

6. Design Jacket heating System

overall heat transfer coefficient U

Fouling factor coefficient Rd

volumetric flow area jacket heating system

flowrate heating steam =

tinggi jacket = tinggi liquid di dalam reaktor =

OD = outside diameter reaktor-01 =

D = diameter reaktor beserta jacket

Sehingga, tebal jacket =

= 61.036 Kmol/jam mol Propionaldehida sisa =

= 61.036 kmol/jam mol Formaldehida sisa =

(levenspiel, pers 49)

jam x 13.7093 m3/jam

(table 4, hal 537, Peters and Timmerhaus)

= tekanan desain = 2.5000 atm =

0.4038 ρ air pada 80 oC = 971.5000 kg/m3

entuk lingkaran (ring – shaped sparger)

massa udara / densitas udara

= 200 - 500 W/m2. oC (table 12.1, Coulson hal 638)

= 3000 - 6000 W/m2 . oC (table 12.2, Coulson hal 516)

4377.4347 kg/jam 437.7435

437.7435 kg/jam x 1.0000 jam / 942.6000 kg/m3

Kapasitas Produksi 36000 ton/tahun

A. Data Feed Reaktor-01

B. Data Feed Katalis