Pengenalan

1.   Template ini bertujuan untuk merancang Heat Exchanger tipe Shell and Tube menggunakan metode Delaware.
2. Template ini memiliki data keluaran yang dibutuhkan untuk perancangan HE Shell and Tube, seperti :
a.   LMTD
b.   Heat Duty (Q)
c.   Temperature wall (Twall)
d.   Arequired
e.   Aavailable
f.   Uclean
g.   Udirty
h.   Uavailable
i.   Over-surface
j.    Over-design
k.   Pressure drop shell-side
l.   Pressure drop tube-side

Petunjuk Penggunaan (Masukkan data hanya pada tabel puti

1. Masukkan data awal bahan untuk hot maupun cold stream pada bagian Performance of One Unit
2. Tentukan fluida yang berada pada tube-side
3. Tentukan data spesifikasi awal untuk tube-side dan shell-side pada bagian Mechanical Data
4. Setelah semua data dimasukkan maka hasil perhitungan akan keluar pada bagian Result Summary

Kelebihan
1. Template ini menyediakan berbagai macam jenis material untuk Heat Exchanger.
2.   Tersedianya list data ketebalan tube berdasarkan standar BWG.
3.   Tersedianya berbagai jenis susunan tube.

Kekurangan
1.   Jika laju alir masuk hanya diketahui satu aliran maka laju aliran yang lain harus dihitung menggunakan neraca energ
2.   Template ini terbatas untuk aliran dingin yang outlet temperature-nya tidak diketahui.

Catatan :
v Jika nilai △P, over-design, over-surface, dan Ureq memenuhi maka spesifikasi dapat diterima.
Adapun parameter bahwa nilai tersebut memenuhi jika :
a. Over-surfacesekitar 20 – 40 %
b.   Over-designsekitar 5 – 20 %
c.    Urequired < Udirty
d.     Pressure drop < Allowable pressure drop yang ditentukan
v Namun, jika nilai tidak memenuhi maka spesifikasi awal HE harus diganti, seperti :
a.     Tube length
b.    Tube outside diameter
c.    Tube thickness
d.    Tube pitch layout
e.    Tube pitch
f.     Tube material
g.    Shell inside diameter
h.    Baffle spacing
i.     Baffle cut
j.     Number of sealing strips
 SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER DATA SHEET (DELAWARE METHOD)

PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT

Hot Stream Cold Stream
Flow kg/h 8165 68039
Inlet Temperature °C 199 38
Outlet Temperature °C 121 49.2706457970834
Density kg/m³ 784 849
Viscosity cP 0.4 3.6
Specific Heat kcal/kg.°C 0.59 0.49
Thermal Conductivity kcal/m.h.°C 0.11 0.12
Viscosity at Wall temperature cP 0.4 3.5
Allowable Pressure Drop bar 1.03 1.03
Fouling Factor m².h.°C/kcal 0.00061 0.00061
Select Tube Side
Hot Fluid
Mechanical Data
Tube-Side Data Shell-Side Data
Number of Passes Tube_Pass 2 Number of Passes Shell_Pass
Number of Tubes Nt 414 Shell Inside Diameter Ds
Tube Length Tube_L m 3.9 Bundle-Shell Diameteral Clear. ΔB
Tube Outside Diameter do mm 19.05 Shell Outer Tube Limit DOTL
Tube Thickness thick BWG 14 Central Baffle Spacing LBC
mm 2.108 Inlet Baffle Spacing LBIN
Tube Inside Diameter di mm 14.834 Outlet Baffle Spacing LBOUT
Tube Pitch Layout 30 Segmental Baffle Cut Bc
Tube Pitch Ratio 1.25 Height of Baffle Cut Lc
Tube Pitch mm 23.8125 Diametral Shell-Baffle Clearance DSB
Tube Material Carbon Steel Number of Sealing Strips Nss

Page 3 of 14
 SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER DATA SHEET (DELAWARE METHOD)

PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT

Hot Stream Cold Stream
Flow kg/h 8165 68039
Inlet Temperature °C 199 38
Diametral Tube-Baffle Clearance LTB
Tube Sheet Thickness LS
Result Summary
Log Mean Temperature Difference LMTD °C 113.10
LMTD Correction Factor Ft 0.988232909639622
Corrected LMTD °C 111.77
Heat Duty Q kcal/h 375753
Temperature Wall TWall °C 54.68
Heat Exchanger Area Required ARequired m² 81.10
Heat Exchanger Area Available AAvailable m² 93.61
UClean kcal/m².h.°C 43.66
Heat Transfer Coefficient UDirty kcal/m².h.°C 41.45
URequired kcal/m².h.°C 35.91
Over Surface % 21.5834869376744
Over Design % 15.4344106032922
Pressure Drop Shell-Side bar 0.0615845087339767
Pressure Drop Tube-Side bar 0.000872903404963017
Sketch

Page 4 of 14
 SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER DATA SHEET (DELAWARE METHOD)

PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT

Hot Stream Cold Stream
Flow kg/h 8165 68039
Inlet Temperature °C 199 38

Page 5 of 14
 CALCULATION

Hot Stream
Flow kg/h 8165
Inlet Temperature °C 199
Outlet Temperature °C 121
Density kg/m³ 784
Viscosity cP 0.4
Specific Heat kcal/kg.°C 0.59
Thermal Conductivity kcal/m.h.°C 0.11
Viscosity at Wall temperature cP 0.4
Allowable Pressure Drop bar 1.03
Fouling Factor m².h.°C/kcal 0.00061

Cold Stream
Flow kg/h 68039
Inlet Temperature °C 38
Outlet Temperature °C 49.27
Density kg/m³ 849
Viscosity cP 3.6
Specific Heat kcal/kg.°C 0.49
Thermal Conductivity kcal/m.h.°C 0.12
Viscosity at Wall temperature cP 3.5
Allowable Pressure Drop bar 1.03
Fouling Factor m².h.°C/kcal 0.00061

Select Tube Side Hot Fluid

Mechanical Data
Tube Side Data
Number of Passes Tube_Pass 2
Number of Tubes Nt 414
Tube Length Tube_L m 3.9
Tube Outside Diameter do mm 19.05
Tube Thickness thick BWG 14
mm 2.1080
Tube Inside Diameter di mm 14.83400
Tube Pitch Layout 30
Tube Pitch Ratio 1.25
Tube Pitch mm 23.81
Tube Material Carbon Steel

Shell Side Data

Number of Passes Shell_Pass 1
Shell Inside Diameter Ds mm 609
Bundle-Shell Diameteral Clear. ΔB mm 15.55
Shell Outer Tube Limit DOTL mm 593.45
Central Baffle Spacing LBC mm 234
Inlet Baffle Spacing LBIN mm 234
Outlet Baffle Spacing LBOUT mm 234
Segemental Baffle Cut Bc % 25
Height of Baffle Cut Lc mm 152.25
Diametral Shell-Baffle Clearance DSB mm 5.54
Number of Sealing Strips Nss 2
Diametral Tube-Baffle Clearance LTB mm 0.4
Tube Sheet Thickness LS mm 60.9

Result Summary
Log Mean Temperature Difference LMTD °C 113.10
LMTD Correction Factor Ft 0.9882
Corrected LMTD °C 111.77
Heat Duty Q kcal/h 375753
Temperature Wall TWall °C 54.68
Heat Exchanger Area Required ARequired m² 81.10
Heat Exchanger Area Available AAvailable m² 93.61
Heat Transfer Coefficient UClean kcal/m².h.°C 43.66
UDirty kcal/m².h.°C 41.45
URequired kcal/m².h.°C 35.91
Over Surface % 21.583
Over Design % 15.434
Pressure Drop Shell-Side 0.062
Pressure Drop Tube-Side 0.001

Detailed Calculation
Tube Side
Flow kg/h 8165
Inlet Temperature t_inlet °C 199.00
Outlet Temperature t_outlet °C 121.00
Density kg/m³ 784.00
Viscosity cP 0.40
Specific Heat kcal/kg.°C 0.59
Thermal Conductivity kcal/m.h.°C 0.11
Viscosity at Wall temperature cP 0.40
Allowable Pressure Drop bar 1.03
Fouling Factor m².h.°C/kcal 0.0006

Shell Side
Flow kg/h 68039
Inlet Temperature T_inlet °C 38.00
Outlet Temperature T_outlet °C 49.27
Density kg/m³ 849.00
Viscosity cP 3.60
Specific Heat kcal/kg.°C 0.49
Thermal Conductivity kcal/m.h.°C 0.12
Viscosity at Wall temperature cP 3.50
Allowable Pressure Drop bar 1.03
Fouling Factor m².h.°C/kcal 0.0006

Shell Side Heat Transfer Coefficient

Effective Pitch PT,eff mm 23.81
Cross Flow area Sm m² 0.0305
Mass Velocity GS kg/m².s 619.2
Reynold's Number ReS 3277
Prandtl Number PrS 52.92
j-Ideal Factor Coefficients a1 0.321
a2 -0.388
a3 1.45
a4 0.519
a 0.1401
j-ideal Factor j 1.4E-02
Ideal heat transfer coefficient hIdeal kcal/m².h.°C 1089.6
Correction factor for Baffle Window Flow
Intermediate θCTL 2.024
Fw 0.179
Fraction of tubes in crossflow Fc 0.642
Baffle Cut Correction Factor Jc 1.012

Correction factor for Baffle Leakage

Baffle window angle θDS 2.094
Shell to baffle leakage area SSB m² 0.007
Tube to baffle leakage area STB m² 0.004
Ratio of leakage area to cross flow rL 0.366
Ratio of shell-baffle to total area rS 0.632
Baffle leakage correction Factor JL 0.536

Correction factor for Bundle Bypass

Tube row distance in flow direction PP mm 20.622
Number of tube rows between baffle NTCC 15
Ratio of sealing strips to tube rows rSS 0.135
Bundle bypass flow area SB m² 0.001
Correlation Constant CJ 1.25
Bundle bypass correction factor JB 0.980

Correction factor for adverse temperature gradient

Number of tube rows crosses NTCW 5.235
Number of Baffles NB 2
Tube rows crossed in entire exchanger NC 60.00
Correction factor for Laminar Flow JRL 0.72
Correction factor JR 1.000

Correction factor for unequal baffle spacing

Factor used for equation n1 0.6
Correction factor JS 1.000

Shell Side heat transfer coefficient hS kcal/m².h.°C 579.7

Tube Side Heat Transfer Coefficient

Flow area aTube m² 0.0358
Velocity through a tube v m/s 0.081
Reynold's Number ReT 2351
Prandtl Number PrT 7.724
Effective Tube Length LEffective m 3.778
Nusselt Number Calculation
Laminar Flow, Sieder -Tate Equation NuLaminar 7.71
Turbulent Flow, Petukhov-Kirillov f 0.0124
NuTurb 28.29
Transition Flow NuRe=2300 7.66
fRe=10000 0.0079
 NuRe=10000 90
NuTrans. 8.20
Selected Nusselt's Number NuTube 8.20
Tube side heat transfer coefficient ht kcal/m².h.°C 60.8

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Wall Temperature T_Wall °C 54.68
Tube wall conductivity k_tube kcal/m.h.°C 38.69
Wall Resistance Rw m².h.°C/kcal 0.000062
Overall H.T.C Clean UClean kcal/m².h.°C 43.66
Overall H.T.C Dirty UDirty kcal/m².h.°C 41.45

Shell Side Pressure Drop

Ideal Tube Band friction factor
f-Ideal Factor Coefficients b1 0.486
b2 -0.152
b3 7
b4 0.5
b 0.777
f-ideal Factor f 0.1490
Ideal tube bank pressure drop ΔPideal bar 0.0198

Correction factor for Baffle Leakage

Factor p 0.555
Correction factor RL 0.2887

Pressure drop for an ideal window section

Gross window area SWG m² 0.0569
Window area occupied with tubes SWT m² 0.0211
Net Cross flow area SW m² 0.0358
Mass velocity baffle window GW kg/m².s 571.62
Hydraulic diameter baffle window Dw m 0.0251
For Re >= 100 ΔPW, Turbulent bar 0.0057
For Re < 100 ΔPW, Laminar bar 0.0206
Pressure Drop in Baffle Windows ΔPW bar 0.0057

Correction factor for Bundle Bypass effect

Constant CR 3.7
Correction factor RB 0.9415

Correction for unequal baffle spacing inlet/ outlet

Slope of friction factor curve n 0.2
Correction factor RS 2

Shell Side Pressure Drop (Excluding nozzles)

Pressure Drop in Central Baffle Spaces ΔPC bar 0.0054
Pressure Drop in Baffle Windows ΔPW bar 0.0057
Pressure Drop in Entrance/ Exit Baffles ΔPE bar 0.0505
Total Pressure Drop ΔPS,Total bar 0.0616

Tube Side Pressure Drop ΔPT,Total bar 0.0009

LMTD Calculation
Temperature Difference 1 : T_inlet - t_outlet -83.0
Temperature Difference 2: T_outlet - t_inlet -149.7
LMTD 113.1
R 0.14
S 0.48
Factor 1.01
LMTD Correction Factor 1 Shell - 2 Tube Passes Ft 0.9882
LMTD Corrected 111.77

Area Calculation
Heat Duty kcal/h 375753
Area Required m² 81.10
Area Available m² 93.61
U Required kcal/m².h.°C 35.91
Over Surface % 21.583
Over Design % 15.434

Heat Exchanger Dropdown List Options

Tube OD BWG Thickness

(mm) inch mm
19.05 10 0.134 3.404
25.40 11 0.12 3.048
31.75 12 0.109 2.769
38.10 13 0.095 2.413
50.80 14 0.083 2.108
15 0.072 1.829
16 0.065 1.651
17 0.058 1.473
18 0.049 1.245
 19 0.042 1.067
20 0.035 0.889
21 0.032 0.813
22 0.028 0.711
23 0.025 0.635
24 0.022 0.559

Correlation Coefficients for j-I and f-I

Pitch Layout Nre a1 a2 a3 a4
30 0 1.4 -0.667 1.45 0.519
30 10 1.36 -0.657 1.45 0.519
30 100 0.593 -0.477 1.45 0.519
30 1000 0.321 -0.388 1.45 0.519
30 10000 0.321 -0.388 1.45 0.519
45 0 1.55 -0.667 1.93 0.5
45 10 0.498 -0.656 1.93 0.5
45 100 0.73 -0.5 1.93 0.5
45 1000 0.37 -0.396 1.93 0.5
45 10000 0.37 -0.396 1.93 0.5
90 0 0.97 -0.667 1.187 0.37
90 10 0.9 -0.631 1.187 0.37
90 100 0.408 -0.46 1.187 0.37
90 1000 0.107 -0.266 1.187 0.37
90 10000 0.37 -0.395 1.187 0.37
Tube Pitch Layout Tube Arrangement
Parallel Normal
30 30 0.866 0.500
45 45 0.707 0.707
90 90 1.000 1.000

Thermal Conductivity
Tube Pitch Ratio Carbon Steel 38.69
1.25 Copper 324.42
1.285 Inconel 12.95
1.33 Monel 21.28
 1.5 Nickel 52.09
Stainless Steel 13.54

Type of Fluid
Hot Fluid
Cold Fluid

b1 b2 b3 b4
48 -1 7 0.5
45.1 -0.973 7 0.5
4.57 -0.476 7 0.5
0.486 -0.152 7 0.5
0.372 -0.123 7 0.5
32 -1 6.59 0.52
26.2 -0.913 6.59 0.52
3.5 -0.476 6.59 0.52
0.333 -0.136 6.59 0.52
0.303 -0.126 6.59 0.52
35 -1 6.3 0.378
32.1 -0.963 6.3 0.378
6.09 -0.602 6.3 0.378
0.0815 0.022 6.3 0.378
0.391 -0.148 6.3 0.378