FLASH-DRUM

K
A
B

Fungsi : Untuk memisahkan fasa gas didalam fasa liquid

Tipe : Silinder vertikal dengan alas hemissherical
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon steel
Jumlah : 1 buah

Data:
Temperatur 30 c 303.15 K
Tekanan operasi 1 atm kPa
Laju alir massa 14172 kg/jam
Densitas gas 111.7856 kg/m^3 6.978776 lb/ft3
Densitas liquid 740.6411 kg/m^3 46.23822 lb/ft3
Laju alir gas 204 kg/jam
Laju alir liguid 13968 kg/jam
Kecepatan maksimum gas (Vt)

ft l   g
Vt  0,3 0.711547 ft/s
s g 0.216882 m/s

Laju alir volumetrik fasa gas (Qv)

m gas
Qv  1.82637019 m^3/jam
 gas 0.000507325 m^3/detik

Area Vessel (At)

Qv
At 
Vt 0.002339173 m^2

Diameter Vessel (D)

2
 1 
D  r 2    D  
4A 0.054587894 m
 2   2.149125406 in

Laju alir volumetrik fasa liquid (Ql)

mliquid 18.85957091 m^3/jam

Ql 
 liquid 0.00523877 m^3/detik

waktu tinggal, 4 menit

240 detik
Qlxt
Vl  0.000873128 m^3
1440

LD
H 3

L 1
3 3
H  xL  xD
1 1
H  3 xD 0.163763683 m
Diameter (D) 0.054587894 m 0.001387 in
Tekanan operasi (P) 1 atm 370.44 kPa 53.72667 psi
Allowable stress (S) 13700 psi 93197.28 kPa
Join Effisiensi (E) 0.85
 Corrosion Allowence (C) 0.015 in/tahun
Corrosion Allowence (C) untuk 10 tahun 0.15 in
Jari-jari (R) 0.027293947 m 0.000693 in

Volume Vessel
Vv  0,25 xxD2 xH 0.000383072 m^3

Volume ellipsoidal
He 
1
Dt 0.027293947 m
2

Vellipsoidal  HexDt 2 0.000081 m^3

Tebal Vessel

tv 
PR
C 0.150003207 in
( SE )  (0,6 xP) 0.003810089 m
3.810089089 mm
Tebal Ellipsoidal (t)

PD
t C 0.1500032 in
2 SE  0,2 P
0.003810089 m
3.810088901 mm
RUM
303

A+BT 784.963 gr/l

1075.54 0.784963
-0.959

Aliran Masuk
Densitas
Komponen (kg/m3)
Xi / p (kg/m3)
massa (lb/s) %
Massa (kg/jam)

metanol 82.29 0.05 0.58 792 0.0000

isobuten 180.27 0.11 1.27 588 0.0000
MTBE 13875.00 8.50 97.90 740 0.0013
butena 4.51 0.00 0.03 620 0.0000
butana 4.51 0.00 0.03 2.48 0.0001
air 25.75 0.02 0.18 1000 0.0000

TOTAL 14172.34 8.68 100 0.0015

Aliran liquid Keluar Densitas

Komponen (kg/m3)
Xi / p (kg/m3)
Massa (kg/jam) massa (lb/s) %

metanol 82.3 0.1 0.59 792 0.0000

isobuten 0.0 0.0 0.00 588 0.0000
MTBE 13860.2 8.5 99.23 740 0.0013
butena 0.0 0.0 0.00 620 0.0000
butana 0.0 0.0 0.00 2.48 0.0000
air 25.7 0.0 0.18 1000 0.0000

TOTAL 13968.17 8.55 100.00 0.0014

1 kg/m3 0.06243 lb/ft3

 konversi
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 jam = 3600 s

Aliran Gas Keluar

Densitas Xi / p
densitas mix Komponen massa (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
%
Massa (kg/jam) (lb/s)

metanol 0.0 0.0 0.0 792 0.0000

isobuten 180.3 0.1 88.3 588 0.0015
MTBE 14.8 0.0 7.27 740 0.0001
butena 4.51 0.0 2.21 620 0.0000
674.4682
butana 4.51 0.0 2.21 2.48 0.0089
air 0.02 0.0 0.01 1000 0.0000

TOTAL 204.16 0.13 100 0.0089

densitas mix

740.6411
densitas mix

111.7856
24. HEATER
Fungsi = Untuk memanaskan umpan kolom destilasi I
Tipe = Double Pipe
t1 T
Gambar =
1

t2 T
2
1. Data dan kondisi operasi :
a. Fluida Panas = Steam
Laju Alir = 336.5128 kg/jam = 741.876104
Temperatur → T1 = 152 ℃ 305.6
T2 = 152 ℃ 305.6

b. Fluida Dingin = Umpan dari KO Drum

Laju Alir = 13968.17 kg/jam = 30794.2357
Temperatur → t1 = 30 ℃ 86
t2 = 55 ℃ 131

Beban panas yang dibutuhkan ; 254884.7 kkal/jam = 1011382.42

2. LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Difference)

Fluida Panas TemperaturFluida Dingin Selisih Tav tav
305.6 T tinggi 131 174.6
305.6 T rendah 86 219.6 305.6 108.5
45 -45

LMTD =  T1  t2    T2  t1  Faktor koreksi LMTD

ln  T1  t 2  /  T2  t1 
a= -45 R=
b = 0.7950819672
c = -0.229310066 R=
LMTD = 196.24083992 oF
FT =
DQ Kern - Hal 113 Maka, Δt =
=
 3. Luas area perpindahan panas, A
Berdasarkan Tabel 8 - DQ Kern Hal 840, diperoleh :
UD = 150 Btu/jam.oF (Kern, Tabel 8 Hal 840 (847))
Maka, Q
A
U D x LMTD
DQ. Kern Pers 7.42 Hal 144
A = 34.358543764 ft 2

Karena harga A < 200 ft2 maka tipe heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah double pipe heat exchanger, d
Ukuran pipa = 3 x 2 in IPS, (Kern, Tabel 11 Hal 844 (851))
Data ukuran pipa yang dipilih dari (Kern, Tabel 11 Hal 844 (851))
Anulus (in) (ft) Inner Pipe (in) (ft)
IPS 3 0.24999 2 0.16666
SC 40 3.3332 40 3.3332
OD (D2) 3.5 0.291655 2.38 0.198325
ID (D1) 3.068 0.255656 2.067 0.172243
a" (ft2/ft) 0.917 0.076414 0.622 0.051831

Dari Tabel 6.2 DQ. Kern diperoleh Flow Area dan De pada Double Pipe Exchanger
Flow Area, in2 Anulus, in
Exchanger, IPS
Anulus Pipe De De'
3x2 2.93 3.55 1.57 0.69

ANULUS, FLUIDA PANAS (STEAM)

4. Flow Area
D2 = 3.068 in = 0.2557 ft
D1 = 2.38 in = 0.1983 ft
aa = π(D22 - D12)/4
= 3.14 0.0654 - 0.0393
4
= 0.02043 ft2

Diameter ekivalen :
Deq = (D22 - D12)/D1 (Eq. 6.3)
= 0.0654 - 0.0393
0.1983
= 0.1312403361 ft

5. Laju alir massa (Ga)

Ga = W
aa
 = 741.88 lb/hr
0.02043 ft2
Ga = 36,307.70 lb/ft2.hr

6. Bilangan Renolds
T steam = 305.6 o
F
μ = 0.12 cp (Fig 14)
= 0.12 x 2.42
= 0.2904 lb/ft.hr

Rea = De x Ga (Eq. 3.6)

μ
Rea = 0.1312403361 x 36,307.70
0.2904
Rea = 16,408.52

panjang pipa yang dibutuhkan L = A

a''
= 34.3585 ft2
0.917 ft2/ft
= 37.4684 ft

L/D = 37.4684 ft
0.1723 ft
= 217.52

7. jH (Nre vs L/D)
jH = 23

8. Pada Temperatur 305,6 oF

c = 0.12 Btu/lb.oF [fig.3]
μ = 0.12 cp 0.2904 lb/ft.hr

T (F) k (Btu/hr.ft2(oF/ft)
212 0.0137
305.6 x
392 0.0187

 305,6  212
x  0,0137  x 0,0187 0,0137
 392 212 
k = 0.0163 Btu/hr.ft2 (oF/ft)
k = 0.1242
d

cμ ^1/3 = 0.294479
k
9. ho

1
k c 3  0 , 14 (Eq.6.15b)
ho  jHx x x
De k w

ho = 0.84 Btu/hr.ft2(◦F)

11. Clean Overall Coefficint, Uc

UC = ho x hio (Eq.6.7)
ho + hio
UC = 371.719 = 0.839606 Btu/hr.ft2(◦F)
442.73

12. Desain Overall Coefficient, Ud

UcUd
Rd  = 0.002
UcxUd
Koreksi UD
1 = 1 + Rd (Eq.6.10)
UD UC
= 1 + 0.002
0.839606472

= 1.1910341725 + 0.002
= 1.1930341725
UD = 0.8381989578 Btu/hr.ft2(◦F)

0.84 Summary 441.89

Uc 0.839606472343142
Ud 0.838198957802977

panjang pipa yang dibutuhkan (L)=A

a''
= 34.3585
 0.917
= 37.4684
Dipilih panjang hairpin = 12 ft
Maka jumlah hairpin yang dibutuhkan (n) = L
2 X panjang hairpin
= 2 buah

1'/
De' = (D2-D1) (Eq.6.4)
= 0.2917 - 0.2557
= 0.0360 ft

Rea = De.Ga/μ
= 0.0360 x 36,307.70
0.2904
Rea = 4500.773913

f = 0.0035 + 0.264 (Eq.3.47)

(Rea)^0.42
f = 0.0035 + 0.264
34.22792904398
f = 0.011213

s = 1.012
ρ = 62.5 x 1.012
ρ = 63.25

2'/

Δfa = 4.f.Ga^2.La
2gρ^2De
Δfa = 0.003758145 ft

3'/
V = Ga
3600ρ
= 36,307.70
3600 63.25
V = 0.159454085 fps

Δft = 3 (V^2/2g)
 = 3 0.025426
64.4
Δft = 0.0012 ft

Δpa = (Δfa + Δft)ρ

144
Δpa = 0.0022 Psi
 Konversi Satuan
CARA MENCARI DOUBLE PIPE 1 kg/m3
KERN, HAL 123

1m

1 atm

1 m3

lb/jam
o
F
o
F 1 kg

1 cP
lb/jam
o
F
o
F

Btu/jam

aktor koreksi LMTD

T1  T2 t 2  t1
S=
t 2  t1 T1  t1
0 S = 0.204918

1 Fig 18 D.Q Kern Hal 828

FT x LMTD
196.2408399 oF
el 8 Hal 840 (847))

ouble pipe heat exchanger, dengan ukuran pipa :

1 in = 0.08333 ft

INNER PIPE, MTBE KELUARAN DARI KO

4. Flow Area
ID = 2.067 in
ap = πD12 /4
= 3.14
4
ap = 0.0233

Laju alir massa (Ga)

Ga =
 =

Ga =

Bilangan Renolds
t =
μ =
=
=

Rep =

Rep =

Rep =

jH (Nre vs L/D)
jH = 200

Pada Temperatur 86 oF
c = 0.3917
μ = 3.3561
k = 0.0089
k = 0.0515
d

cμ ^1/3 = 49.3734135286385
k
hi

1
k c 3  0 , 14
h i  jHx x x
D k w

hi =

10. Koreksi hi

hio =

=
Pressure Drop

1/
Rep =

f =

f =

f =

s =
ρ =
ρ =

2/

Δfp = 4.f.Ga^2.La
2gρ^2De
Δfp = 0.28

ΔPp = Δfp

ΔPp = 0.28

= 0.120648

MEMENUHI KARENA < 10 Psi

 0.06243 lb/ft3 1 kgf/m2 0.0014 psi
3.6127E-05 lb/in3 9.7E-06 atm

3.28 ft 1 atm 14.7 psi

39.37 in
1 in 25.4 mm
14.6959 psi
10332.2745 kg/m2 1 HP = 550 ft. lbf/s
1.013 bar
1 kkal = 3.968 btu
35.314 ft3
61023.744 in3 1 W/m2˚C 0.176 Btu/hr.ft2.˚F
264.172 gal
1 kgf/m2 0.0014 psi
9.7E-06 atm
2.2046 lb
1 ft 12 in
0.000672 lb/ft.s
2.4192 lb/ft.jam
NER PIPE, MTBE KELUARAN DARI KO DRUM

= 0.1723 ft

0.0297

ft2

W
ap
 30,794.24 lb/hr
0.02329 ft2
1,322,151.77 lb/ft2.hr

o
86 F
1.3868 cp
1.3868 x 2.42
3.356056 lb/ft.hr

De x Ga (Eq. 3.6)
μ
0.1723 x 1,322,151.77
3.356056
67,859.61

Btu/lb.oF
lb/ft.hr
Btu/hr.ft2 (oF/ft)
 0 , 14 (Eq.6.15a)
w

508.80 Btu/hr.ft2(◦F)

hi ID (Eq.6.5)
OD
441.89 Btu/hr.ft2
 67,859.61 (step 6)

0.0035 + 0.264 (Eq.3.47)

(Rep)^0.42
0.0035 + 0.264
106.97363762
0.00596789775383

1 (Table 6)
62.5 x 1
62.5

ft

x ρ
144
x 62.5
144
(Kern, Tabel 11 Hal 844 (851))

(Fig 14), hal 823 (830)

24. HEATER
Fungsi = Untuk memanaskan umpan kolom destilasi I
Tipe = Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

t T
Gambar =
1 1

t T
2 2
1. Data dan kondisi operasi :
a. Fluida Panas = Steam
Laju Alir = 336.5128 kg/jam = 741.8761 lb/jam
Temperatur → T1 = 152 ℃ 305.6 o
F
T2 = 152 ℃ 305.6 o
F

b. Fluida Dingin = Umpan KO Drum

Laju Alir = 13968.17 kg/jam = 30794.24 lb/jam
Temperatur → t1 = 30 ℃ 86 o
F
t2 = 55 ℃ 131 o
F

Beban panas yang dibutuhkan ; 254884.7 kkal/jam = 1011382 Btu/jam

2. LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Difference)

Fluida Panas TemperaturFluida DinginSelisih Tav tav
305.6 T tinggi 131 174.6
305.6 T rendah 86 219.6 305.6 108.5
45 -45

LMTD =  T1  t2    T2  t1  Faktor koreksi LMTD

ln  T1  t 2  /  T2  t1 
T1  T2
a= -45 R= S=
b = 0.795081967 t 2  t1
c = -0.229310066 R= 0 S=
LMTD = 196.2408399 F o

FT = 1 Fig 18 D.Q Kern Hal 828

DQ Kern - Hal 113 Maka, Δt = FT x LMTD
= 196.2408399 oF
3. Luas area perpindahan panas, A
Berdasarkan Tabel 8 - DQ Kern Hal 840, diperoleh :
UD = 150 Btu/jam.oF (Kern, Tabel 8 Hal 840 (847))
Maka, Q
A
U D x LMTD
DQ. Kern Pers 7.42 Hal 144
A = 34.35854376 ft2

Karena harga A < 200 ft2 maka tipe heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah double pipe heat exchanger, dengan uku
Ukuran pipa = 3 x 2 in IPS, (Kern, Tabel 11 Hal 844 (851))

4. Spesifikasi Shell and Tube

Tabel 10 - Hal 843
OD (in) A" (ft2) BWG L (ft)
1 0.2618 13 16

5. Menentukan Jumlah Tube

Jumlah tube :
Nt = A
L x a"

Nt = 8.202478935 ≈ 57

Koreksi :
A = Nt x L x a " Ud = Q
A x t

A = 34.35854376 Ud = 150

Berdasarkan Tabel 9, untuk jumlah tube 57 diperoleh spesifikasi perancangan Heat Exchanger tipe Shell and Tube d
Shell side Tube side
ID (in) 13.25 Number 56
Baffle space (in) 5 Length 16
Passes 1 OD (in) 1
BWG 13
 pitch (in) 1.25
Clearance, C' 0.25 Passes 2
Diketahui bahwa baffle space 1/3 - 1/5 ID shell < B < ID shell (Peter, Hal 610)

Cold Fluid: tube side, Ethanol Hot Fluid: shell side, Steam
6. Flow area per tube 6. Flow area per shell
α 'tube = 0.515 in2 Tabel 10 Hal 843 C' x B
as  ID x
α 'tube = N  ' 144 Pt
t t
144 Pers 7.48 Hal 150
α ' shell = 0.092014
α 'tube = 0.100138889 ft 2

7. Mass velocity
7. Mass velocity Gs = W
Ga = W as
at Gs = 8062.654
Ga = 307515.2525 lb/jam ft 2

8. NRe, bilangan Reynold

8. NRe, bilangan Reynold
DeGs
NRe =
Dt Gt 
NRe = Pers 3.6 Hal 41
 pada Tc 266 ºF, μ = 0.17
pada tc 126.5 ºF, 1.1 cp Fig 14 Hal 823 = 0.411264
= 2.66112 lb/ft. jam
de 

4 x Pt 2   OD 2 / 4
ID = 0.81 in  x OD
= 0.0675 ft de = 0.990446
NRe = 7800.204253 De = 0.082537

9. jH NRe = 1618.105
L/D = 237.037037
jH = 45 Fig 24 Hal 834 9. jH
jH = 54
10. Tc
tc = 126.5 ºF 10. Tc
c= 0.95 Btu/ lb. ºF Fig 2 Hal 804 Tc = 305.6
 k= 0.224 Btu/jam. ft2Table
.ºF/ft 4 Hal 801 c= 1.1
1/ 3 k= 0.0152
 c 
  1/ 3
 k   c 
 
= 2.241278553  k 
= 3.095509
11. Condensation of steam
1/ 3
11. Condensation of steam
hi = J k  c  t Pers 6.15 Hal 111 1/ 3
h
D  k  k  c 
hi = J h   s
De  k 
hi/ȹt = 334.6975972 Btu/jam. ft2.ºF
hi/ȹs = 30.78363
12. hio
hio hi ID karena viskositas rendah, maka asu
 x
t t OD Pers 6.5 Hal 111 φs =
ho =
= 271.1050537
ho =
karena viskositas rendah, maka asumsi ho =
φs = 1
ho = ha
x s
s
ho = 271.1051 Btu/jam. ft2.ºF

13. Clean overall coefficient, Uc

hio ho
UC =
hio  ho

UC = 229.6066965 Btu/hr ft2 ºF

14. Design overall coefficient, Ud

Total surface, A = 234.5728 ft2

Q
UD 
A.  t
UD = 21.97092572 Btu/jam. ft2.ºF
≈ 150 Btu/jam. ft2.ºF

15. Dirt factor, Rd

UC U D
RD 
UC x U D
 UC U D
RD 
UC x U D

Rd = 0.041159422

16. Summary
305.6 h outside 108.5
UC 229.606696537675
UD 21.9709257192807
RD calculated 0.041159422104132
RD required 0.001 Tabel 12 Hal 845

17. Pressure Drop : tube side 17. Pressure Drop : shell side
1. For NRe 1. For NRe
NRe = 7800.204253 NRe = 1618.105
f= 0.002 Fig 29 Hal 839 f= 0.002
s= 0.96 Fig 6 Hal 809 s= 0.94
Ds = 1.104167
2. ΔPt
ΔPt = fGt2 Ln 2. No of crosses
 N + 1 = 12 L/B
5.22 x1010 De 's  t
= 38.4
a = 6052200352
b = 52200000000 3. ΔPs
c= 0.0648 ΔPs = f Gs2 Ds  N  1
d= 1 5.22 x1010 De 's  s
ΔPs = 1.789236659 psi
a= 5512541
3. Gt b= 5.22E+10
Gt = 307515.2525 c= 0.077585
d= 1
V2
= 0.04 Fig 27 Hal 837 ΔPs = 0.001361
2g '

4n V 2
PT  x
s 2g '
ΔPT = 0.333333333 psi

4. ΔPT
PT  Pt1  Pt 2

ΔPT = 2.122569992 psi

* Perancangan Heater dengan tipe shell and tube , memenuhi syarat karena nilai ΔP < 10 Psi
 Konversi Satuan
1 kg/m3 0.06243 lb/ft3 1 kgf/m2 0.0014 psi
3.61E-05 lb/in3 9.7E-06 atm

1m 3.28 ft 1 atm 14.7 psi

39.37 in
1 in 25.4 mm
1 atm 14.6959 psi
10332.27 kg/m2 1 HP = 550 ft. lbf/s
1.013 bar
1 kkal = 3.968 btu
1 m3 35.314 ft3
61023.74 in3 1 W/m2˚C 0.176 Btu/hr.ft2.˚F
264.172 gal
1 kgf/m2 0.0014 psi
9.7E-06 atm
1 kg 2.2046 lb
1 ft 12 in
1 cP 0.000672 lb/ft.s
2.4192 lb/ft.jam

t 2  t1
T1  t1
0.204918

Fig 18 D.Q Kern Hal 828

heat exchanger, dengan ukuran pipa :

anger tipe Shell and Tube dengan :

hell side, Steam

C' x B Pers 7.1 Hal 138

as  ID x
144 Pt

ft2

lb/jam ft2

ngan Reynold
Terbukti :
Pers 3.6 Hal 41

cp Fig 14 Hal 823

lb/ft. jam

de 

4 x Pt 2   ODPers
2

/ 47.4 Hal 138
 x OD
in
ft

Fig 28 Hal 838

Table 4 Hal 801

ºF
 Btu/ lb. ºF Fig 2 Hal 804
Btu/jam. ft2Table
.ºF/ft 4 Hal 801

ation of steam
1/ 3
k  c 
Jh   s Pers 6.15
De  k 

Btu/jam. ft2.ºF

ositas rendah, maka asumsi

1
ha
x s
s
30.78363 Btu/jam. ft2.ºF
1500 Btu/jam. ft2.ºF
 Fig 29 Hal 839 Fig 6 Hal 809

Drop : shell side

Fig 29 Hal 839

Fig 6 Hal 809
ft

Pers 7.44 Hal 151

Fig 27 Hal 837

f Gs2 Ds  N  1
5.22 x1010 De 's  s

psi
Fig 18 D.Q Kern Hal 828 Fig 14 D.Q Kern Hal 823

Tabel 8 - Hal 840

Tabel 10 - Hal 843

 Tabel 5 Hal 801
Interpolasi ;

Y  Y1 
 X  X 1  x Y  Y 
 X 2  X1  2 1
Tabel 9 - Hal 842
Fig 6 Hal 809
Q Kern Hal 823

Fig 2 D.Q Kern Hal 804

 212 X1 0.0137 Y1
 X  X 1  x Y  Y  266 X ? Y
 X 2  X1  2 1 392 X2 0.0187 Y2

0.0152
SPESIFIKASI HEATER

Fungsi : Tempat mengkondensasikan uap yang keluar pada bagian atas kolom Fraksinasi (FC-5011
Tipe : Double Pipe
Bahan Konstruksi : High Alloy Steels SA-240, Grade 304, 18 Cr-8 Ni
Jumlah : 1 unit
Suhu : 30 oC
Tekanan : 1 atm
Waktu operasi : 1 jam

Gambar :

T1 t2

1. Data dan Kondisi Operasi

a. Fluida panas : STEAM
Laju alir, W = 336.51 kg/hr =
T1 = 152.00 oC =
T2 = 152.00 C o
=

b. Fluida dingin : UMPAN KO DRUM

Laju alir, w = 13,968.17 kg/hr =
t1 = 30.00 C o
=
t2 = 55.00 oC =

Neraca Panas, Q
Q = 254,884.68 KJ/Jam =

2. ΔT LMTD
Hot fluid temp Cold Fluid Temp. diff temp
305.60 Higher Temp 131.00 174.60 ΔT2
305.60 Lower Temp 86.00 219.60 ΔT1
- Temp diff 45.00 (45.00) Δ(T2-T1)

ΔT LMTD = 196.24083992409 oF

3. Temperatur rata-rata
Tav = 305.60 oF
tav = 108.50 oF
Ud = 50 - 125 Btu/hr.ft2.˚F dipilih
Ud = 88 Btu/hr.ft2.˚F

A = Q
Ud x ΔT LMTD
A = 241,598.56
17269.19391332
A = 13.99 ft2
Karena harga A < 200 ft2 maka tipe heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah double pipe heat exchanger, dengan ukur
Ukuran pipa = 3 x 2 in IPS, (Kern, Tabel 11 Hal 844 (851))
Data ukuran pipa yang dipilih dari (Kern, Tabel 11 Hal 844 (851))
Anulus (in) (ft) Inner Pipe (in) (ft)
IPS 4 0.33332 2.5 0.208325
SC 40 3.3332 40 3.3332
OD (D2) 4.5 0.374985 2.88 0.2399904
ID (D1) 4.026 0.33548658 2.469 0.20574177

ANULUS, FLUIDA DINGIN

4/ Flow area
aa = π(D22 - D12)/4
= 3.14 0.140613750225 -
4
aa = 0.0220290663189 ft2

Diameter ekivalen :
De = (D22 - D12)/D1
= 0.140613750225 - 0.1125512453601
 0.33548658
= 0.0836471755887 ft

5/ Laju alir massa (Ga)

Ga = W
aa
= 30,794.52 lb/hr
0.0220290663189 ft2
Ga = 1,397,903.78 lb/ft2.hr

6/ Pada Tc = 1,083.60 oF
μ = 0.29 cp
= 0.29 x 2.42
= 0.7018 lb/ft.hr

Rea = De x Ga
μ
Rea = 0.0836471755887 x 1,397,903.78
0.7018
Rea = 166,615.42

Asumsi : If only 1 hairpind in series are required

L/D = 2 x 40
0.0836471755887
= 956.39810235066

Digunakan : L/D = 956

7/ JH
JH = 11

8/ Pada Tc = 1,083.60 oF
c = 0.51 Btu/lb.˚F
k = 0.075 Btu/(hr).(ft2).(˚F/ft)

cμ ^1/3 = 1.6836071399417
k

9/
ho = JH x k cμ ^1/3
De k
ho = 11 x 0.075
Φa 0.0836471755887
= 16.605173822988 Btu/(hr).(ft2).(˚F)

tw = tc + ho/Φa
hio/Φp +
= 1,083.60 16.605173822988
374.91019912411 +
tw = 1,052.07 oF

μw = 0.29 cp
= 0.29 x 2.42
= 0.7018 lb/ft.hr

Φa = (μ/μw)^0.14
= 0.7018 ^0.14
0.7018
Φa = 1

ho = ho x Φa
Φa
ho = 16.605173822988 x 1
= 16.605173822988

11/ Clean overall coefficient, Ud

Uc = hio x ho
hio + ho
= 343.78657355375 x 16.605173822988
343.78657355375 + 16.605173822988
Uc = 112.146171517 Btu/(hr).(ft2).(˚F)

12/ Design overall coefficient, Ud

1 = 1 + Rd
Ud Uc
Rd = 1 - 1
Ud Uc
Rd = Uc - Ud
Uc x Ud
Rd = 112.146171517 - 88
 112.146171517 x 88
Rd = 0.0024467024508 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

1 = 1 + Rd
Ud Uc
= 1 + 0.0024467024508
112.146171517
1 = 0.0113636363636
Ud
Ud = 88 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

13/ Surface
A = Q
Ud x ΔT lmtd
A = 241,598.56
88 x 196.24083992409
A = 13.99 ft2

ANULUS, FLUIDA DINGIN

1/
De = (D2-D1) (Eq.6.4)
= 0.374985 - 0.33548658
= 0.03949842 ft

Rea = De.Ga/μ
= 0.03949842 x 1,397,903.78
0.7018
Rea = 78676.247641633

f = 0.0035 + 0.264
(Rea)^0.42
f = 0.0035 + 0.264
113.82936895711
f = 0.0058192608588

s = 0.97
ρ = 62.5 x 0.97
ρ = 60.625
2/
Δfa = 4.f.Ga^2.La
2gρ^2De
Δfa = 11.993414659207 ft

2/
V = Ga
3600ρ
= 1,397,903.78
3600 60.625
V = 6.4050574080786

Δft = 8 (V^2/2g)
= 8 41.024760400782
64.4
Δft = 5.0962435280475 ft

Δpa = (Δfa + Δft)ρ

144
Δpa = 7.1948647750161 Psi MEMENUHI KARENA < 10
m Fraksinasi (FC-5011) 1o C = 273 K
1 KJ = 0.239 Kcal

KONVERSI
1 kg/m3 0.06243 lb/ft3
3.6127E-05 lb/in3
1 kg 2.2046 lb
t1 T2 1m 3.28 ft
39.37 in

1 atm 14.6959 psi

10332.2745 kg/m2
1.013 bar

1 m3 35.314 ft3
61023.744 in3
264.172 gal
1 HP 550 ft.lbf/det
1 in 0.0254 m
kkal 3.966 btu
1 W/m2˚C 0.176 Btu/hr.ft2.˚F

741.88 lb/hr 1 kg/jam = 2.20462 lb/jam

305.60 oF
305.60 oF Diket :
API oktane
o
= 50
APIwater
o
= 34.3
30,794.52 lb/hr
86.00 oF
131.00 oF

60,917.44 kkal/jam 241,598.56 btu/jam

 Caloric temperatures :
Δtc = 219.60 =
Δth 174.60

Tc = 305.60 x
tc = 86.00 x

87.5 (Kern, Tabel 8 Hal 840 (847))

(Kern, Tabel 8 Hal 840 (847))

xchanger, dengan ukuran pipa :

1 in = 0.08333 ft

INNER PIPE, FLUIDA

4/ Flow area
ap = πD12 /4
0.1125512454 = 3.14 0.04233
4
ap = 0.033228795599345 ft2

(Eq. 6.3)
 5/ Laju alir massa (Ga)
Ga = w
ap
= 741.88 lb/hr
0.033228795599345 ft2
Ga = 22,326.50 lb/ft2.hr

6/ Pada tc = 340.24 oF
(Fig 14) μ = 0.14 cp
= 0.14 x
= 0.3388 lb/ft.hr

(Eq. 3.6) Rep = D x

μ
Rep = 0.20574177 x
0.3388
Rep = 13,558.13

Asumsi : If only 1 hairpind in series are required

L/D = 2 x
0.205742
= 388.836938653731

Digunakan : L/D = 389

7/ JH
(Fig 24) JH = 800

8/ Pada Tc = 340.24 oF
(Fig 4) c = 0.64 Btu/lb.˚F
(Fig 1) k = 0.081 Btu/(hr).(ft2).(˚F/ft)

cμ ^1/3 = 1.38850075080052
k

9/
Φa (Eq.6.15) hio = JH x k
D
x 1.683607 hi = 800 x
 Φp
= 437.319308820341 Btu/(hr).(ft2).(˚F)
(Eq.5.31)
Φa x (Tc-tc)
ho/Φa 10/
x (743.36) hio = hi x
16.605173823 Φp Φp
= 437.319308820341 x

(Fig 14) hio = 374.910199124105

Φp

μw = 0.26 cp
= 0.26 x
= 0.6292 lb/ft.hr

Φp = (μ/μw)^0.14
= 0.3388 ^0.14
(Eq.6.36) 0.6292
Φp = 0.916983785335608

hio = hio x
Φp
hio = 374.910199124105 x
= 343.786573553748

(Eq.6.13)
 (Eq.6.10)

PRESSURE DROP
INNER PIPE, FLUIDA
1/
Rep = 13,558.13

f = 0.0035 +

f = 0.0035 +

f = 0.008353779174979

s = 0.66
(Eq.3.47) ρ = 62.5 x
ρ = 41.25

(Fg.6)
 2/
Δfp = 4.f.Ga^2.La
2gρ^2De
Δfp = 0.000910600228072 ft

ΔPp = Δfp x
144
ΔPp = 0.000910600228072 x
144
ΔPp = 0.000260849023667 Psi

NUHI KARENA < 10 Psi

 CARA MENCARI DOUBLE PIPE
KERN, HAL 131

1 kg/m2 0.0014 psi

9.7E-06 atm

1 atm 14.7 psi

1 in 25.4 mm
1 mm 0.03937 in

1 cP 0.000672 lb/ft.s
kg/m.det 0.672 lb/ft.det

kg/m.s2 9.7E-06 atm

1 atm 14.7 psi

Btu/hr.ft2.˚F
 1.25773195876289 Kc = 0.4 (Fig 17), hal 827 (834)
Fc = 0.28 (Fig 17), hal 827 (834)

0.28 305.60 - 305.60 = 340.24 oF

0.28 131.00 - 86.00 = 1,083.60 oF

PIPE, FLUIDA PANAS

 (Fig 14)
2.42

Ga (Eq. 3.6)

22,326.50

40

(Fig 24)

(Fig 4)
Btu/(hr).(ft2).(˚F/ft) (Fig 1)

cμ ^1/3 Φa (Eq.6.15)
k
0.081 x 1.388501
 0.20574177
Btu/(hr).(ft2).(˚F)

D1
D2
0.20574177
0.2399904

(Fig 14)
2.42

Φp (Eq.6.36)

0.916983785335608
PIPE, FLUIDA PANAS

0.264 (Eq.3.47)
(Rep)^0.42
0.264
54.3906079124702

(Fg.6)
0.66
ρ

41.25

MEMENUHI KARENA < 10 Psi

(Kern, Tabel 11 Hal 844 (851))

Pada Tc = 340.24 oF
(Fig 14), hal 823 (830)
hal 827 (834)
hal 827 (834)

Anulus
(Fig 24), hal 834 (841)
Anulus
(Fig 4), hal 806 (813)

(Kern, Fig Hal 803 (810))

x = 13.7 y = 10.00

Anulus
Fig.6 hal 809(816)
(Fig 17), hal 827 (834) (Kern, Tabel 14 Hal 800 (807))

Pada Tc =
x = 13.7 y = 10.00 (Fig 14), hal 823 (830)
Inner Pipe
(Fig 24), hal 834 (841)
Inner Pipe
(Fig 4), hal 806 (813)

(Kern, Fig Hal 803 (810))

water

Inner Pipe
Fig.6 hal 809(816)
(Kern, Tabel 14 Hal 800 (807)) (Kern, Fig Hal 803 (810))

k
0.081

1,083.60 oF
(Fig 14), hal 823 (830) x = 10.2
Oktane

ANULUS
OKTANE
o
Api
50

y = 13.00
KONVERSI
1 kg/m3 0.06243 lb/ft3 1 kg/m2 0.0014 psi
3.61E-05 lb/in3 9.7E-06 atm
1 kg 2.2046 lb
1m 3.28 ft 1 atm 14.7 psi
39.37 in
1 in 25.4 mm
1 atm 14.6959 psi 1 mm 0.03937 in
10332.27 kg/m2
1.013 bar 1 cP 0.000672 lb/ft.s
kg/m.det 0.672 lb/ft.det
1 m3 35.314 ft3
61023.74 in3 kg/m.s2 9.7E-06 atm
264.172 gal 1 atm 14.7 psi
1 HP 550 ft.lbf/det
1 in 0.0254 m
kkal 3.966 btu
1 W/m2˚C 0.176 Btu/hr.ft2.˚F

0.508