PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Basis perhitungan = 1000 kg/jam

Kapasitas Produksi = 12000 ton/tahun
= 1515.1515 kg/jam
Hari kerja = 330 hari
= 7920 jam/tahun

Spesifikasi bahan baku

Asam palmitat : C16H32O2 = 0.98
1)
Asam stearat : C18H36O2 = 0.02
Isobutil alkohol : C4H10O = 0.995
2)
Air : H2O = 0.005
Asam sulfat : H2SO4 = 0.97
3)
Air : H2O = 0.03

Spesifikasi produk
1) Isobutil palmitat : C20H40O2 = 0.97

Konversi = 0.931

Tabel Data Physical Properties

Komponen Rumus Molekul BM (kg/kmol) Densitas (kg/m3)
Isobutil alkohol (IA) C4H10O 74.123 797
Asam palmitat (AP) C16H32O2 256.430 853 62◦C
Isobutil palmitat (IP) C20H40O2 312.538 853.5
Asam sulfat (AS) H2SO4 98.072 554
Air (A) H2 O 18.015 998 20◦C

Tabel Konstanta Antoine

Komponen A B C Sumber
IA 16.8712 2874.73 -100.3 Coulson,2005
AP 18.9558 7049.18 -55.08 Coulson,2005
IP 1000 6.66667 335.632 Yaws, 1999
A 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 Coulson,2005

dengan : P = Tekanan uap (mmHg)

Coulson, 2005
ln (P) =𝐴−𝐵/(𝑇+𝐶) T =Suhu (K)

dengan : P = Tekanan uap (mmHg)

IrChe.com
log 10 (P) =𝐴−𝐵/(𝑇+𝐶) T =Suhu (◦C)
 log 10 (P) =𝐴−𝐵/(𝑇+𝐶)

NERACA MASSA PER ALAT

A1. Reaktor Tangki Berpengaduk (R-210)
Fungsi : Mereaksikan isobutil alkohol dengan asam palmitat menggunakan katalis asam sulfat
Arus 3
Asam sulfat
Asam Palmitat
Asam Stearat Asam palmitat
Arus 1 Arus 4 isobutil alkohol
Isobutil Palmitat
Arus 2 REAKTOR
Air
Isobutil Alkohol Asam sulfat
Air Asam Stearat

Asam Palmitat : Isobutil alkohol = 1:5

Katalis = 0.21%
Konversi = 0.931
Reaksi:

C16H32O2 + C4H10O C20H40O2 + H2O

Mula-mula 3.8997 67.4554 - -

Bereaksi 3.6306 3.6306 3.6306 3.6306
sisa 0.2691 63.8248 3.6306 3.6306

Neraca Massa Total

Aliran masuk Aliran keluar
Arus 1 + Arus 2 + Arus 3 = Arus 4

a) Aliran masuk
Arus 1

Asam palmitat = mol Asam palmitat x BM Asam palmitat

= 3.8997 kmol/jam x 256.430 kg/kmol
= 1000 kg/jam

KomposisiAsam stearat : 0.98 = 0.02

1000 komposisi asam stearat
: 20.4082 kg/jam
 Arus 2

Isobutil alkohol = mol isobutil alkohol x BM isobutil alkohol

= 67.4554 kmol/jam x 74.123 kg/kmol
= 5000 kg/jam

Komposisi air : 0.995 = 0.005

5000 komposisi air
: 25.1256 kg/jam
Arus 3
Asam sulfat = 12.7560 kg/jam

Komposisi air : 0.97 = 0.03

12.7560 komposisi air
: 0.3945 kg/jam

b) Aliran keluar
*) Asam palmitat = mol asam palmitat x BM asam palmitat
= 0.2691 kmol/jam x 256.430 kg/kmol
= 69 kg/jam

*) Isobutil alkohol = mol isobutil alkohol x BM isobutil alkohol

= 63.8248 x 74.123
= 4730.8875 kg/jam

*) Isobutil palmitat = mol isobutil palmitat x BM isobutil palmitat

= 3.6306 x 312.538
= 1134.7069 kg/jam

*) Air = mol air x BM air

= 3.6306 x 18
= 65.4056 kg/jam

*) Asam stearat = 20.4082 kg/jam

*) Asam sulfat = 12.7560 kg/jam

Tabel A1 Neraca Massa Reaktor

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)
komponen
1 2 3 4
AP 1000 - - 69
IA - 5000 - 4730.8875
IP - - - 1134.7069
AST 20.4082 - - 20.4082
 AS - - 12.7560 12.7560
A - 25.1256 0.3945 90.9258
Subtotal 1020.4082 5025.1256 13.1505
Total 6058.6843 6058.6843

A2 NETRALIZER
Asumsi : Seluruh asam ternetralkan oleh NaOH 40%

Tabel 2 Physical Properties

Komponen Rumus molekul BM (kg/kmol)
Natrium hidroksida NaOH 40
Natrium sulfat Na2SO4 142.04
Natrium stearat NaC18H35O2 306.5
Natrium palmitat NaC16H31O2 278.412
Asam stearat C18H36O2 284.5

NaOH
Asam palmitat
Isobutil alkohol Arus 5
Isobutil palmitat
Isobutil Isobutil alkohol
palmitat Air
Air Natrium Sulfat
Reaksi 1 Asam Sulfat
+4
H2SO4 Arus
Asam stearat 2NaOHNetralizerNa2Arus
SO4 6
Natrium palmitat
+ Natrium
2H2Ostearat
Mula-mula 0.1301 0.2601 - -
Bereaksi 0.1301 0.2601 0.1301 0.2601
Sisa 0.0000 0.0000 0.1301 0.2601

Reaksi 2
C16H32O2 + NaOH NaC16H31O2 + H2O
Mula-mula 0.2691 0.2691 -
Bereaksi 0.2691 0.2691 0.2691 0.2691
Sisa 0.0000 0.0000 0.2691 0.2691

Reaksi 3
C18H36O2 + NaOH NaC18H35O2 + H2O
Mula-mula 0.0717 0.0717 - -
Bereaksi 0.0717 0.0717 0.0717 0.0717
Sisa 0.0000 0.0000 0.0717 0.0717
Neraca Massa Total
Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar
Arus 4 + Arus 5 = Arus 6

a) Aliran masuk
Arus 4
*) Asam palmitat = mol asam palmitat x BM asam palmitat
= 0.2691 kmol/jam x 256.430
= 69 kg/jam

*) Isobutil alkohol = mol isobutil alkohol x BM isobutil alkohol

= 63.8248 x 74.123
= 4730.8875 kg/jam

*) Isobutil palmitat = mol isobutil palmitat x BM isobutil palmitat

= 3.6306 x 312.538
= 1134.7069 kg/jam

*) Air = mol air x BM air

= 3.6306 x 18
= 65.4056 kg/jam

*) Asam stearat = 20.4082 kg/jam

*) Asam sulfat = 12.7560 kg/jam

Arus 5
Reaksi 1
*) Kebutuhan NaOH = jumlah mol NaOH x BM NaOH
= 0.2601 kmol/jam x 40 kg/kmol
= 10.4054 kg/jam

*) Air dari NaOH 40% = Konsentrasi NaOH

x massa NaOH
Konsentrasi Air
= 60
x 10.4054 kg/jam
40
= 15.6081 kg/jm

Reaksi 2
*) Kebutuhan NaOH = jumlah mol NaOH x BM NaOH
= 0.2691 kmol/jam x 40 kg/kmol
= 10.7632 kg/jam

*) Air dari NaOH 40% = Konsentrasi NaOH

x massa NaOH
 x massa NaOH
Konsentrasi Air
= 60 x
10.7631712 kg/jam
40
= 16.1448 kg/jam

Reaksi 3
*) Kebutuhan NaOH = jumlah mol NaOH x BM NaOH
= 0.0717 kmol/jam x 40 kg/kmol
= 2.8693 kg/jam

*) Air dari NaOH 40% = Konsentrasi NaOH

x massa NaOH
Konsentrasi Air
= 60 x
2.8693 kg/jam
40
= 4.3040 kg/jam

b) Aliran keluar
Arus 6
Reaksi 1
*) Air = mol air x BM Air
= 0.2601 kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol
= 4.6863 kg/jam

*) Natrium sulfat = mol natrium sulfat x BM Natrium sulfat

= 0.1301 kmol/jam x 142.04 kg/kmol
= 18.4748 kg/jam

Reaksi 2
*) Air = mol air x BM Air
= 0.2691 kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol
= 4.8475 kg/jam

*) Natrium palmitat = mol natrium palmitat x BM Natrium palmitat

= 0.2691 kmol/jam x 278.4 kg/kmol
= 74.9149 kg/jam

Reaksi 3
*) Air = mol air x BM Air
= 0.0717 kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol
= 1.2923 kg/jam

*) Natrium stearat = mol natrium stearat x BM Natrium stearat

= 0.0717 kmol/jam x 306.5 kg/kmol
= 21.9863 kg/jam
Tabel A2 Neraca Massa Netralizer
Aliran masuk Aliran keluar
Komponen
4 5 6
AP 69 0 0
IP 1134.7069 0 1134.7069
IA 4730.8875 0 4730.8875
A 65.4056 36.0569 112.2886
AST 20.4082 0.0000 0
AS 12.7560 0.0000 0
NaOH 0 24.0379 0
NS 0 0 18.4748
NST 0 0 21.9863
NP 0 0 74.9149
6033.1642 60.0948
Total 6093.2590
6093.2590

A3 Filter press

Isobutil palmitat
Isobutil palmitat Isobutil alkohol
Isobutil alkohol Air
Air
Natrium sulfat FILTER PRESS
Natrium stearat
Natrium palmitat Air
Natrium sulfat
Natrium stearat
Natrium palmitat

Neraca massa total

Aliran masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 6 = Arus 7 + Arus 8 Arus 7
(Filtrat)
*) Efisiensi pemisahan pada filter press = 98%
Arus
*) Jumlah filtrat yang tertahan di 6dalam cake = 2% dari jumlah padatan yang tertahan

a) Aliran masuk
Arus 6
*) Isobutil palmitat = 1134.7069 kg/jam
Arus 8
*) Isobutil alkohol = 4730.8875 kg/jam (Cake)
*) Air = 112.2886 kg/jam
*) Natrium sulfat = 18.4748 kg/jam
*) Natrium stearat = 21.9863 kg/jam
*) Natrium palmitat = 74.9149 kg/jam
b) Aliran keluar
Arus 7
*) Isobutil palmitat = 1112.0127 kg/jam
*) Isobutil alkohol = 4636.2698 kg/jam
*) Air = 110.0428 kg/jam

Arus 8
*) Air = 2% x 112.2886 kg/jam = 2.2458 kg/jam
*) Natrium sulfat = 18.4748 kg/jam
*) Natrium stearat = 21.9863 kg/jam
*) Natrium palmitat = 74.9149 kg/jam
*) Isobutil palmitat = 2% x 1134.7069 kg/jam = 22.6941 kg/jam
*) Isobutil alkohol = 2% x 4730.8875 kg/jam = 94.6178 kg/jam

Tabel A3 Neraca Massa Filter Press

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
6 7 8
IP 1134.7069 1112.0127 22.6941
IA 4730.8875 4636.2698 94.6178
A 112.2886 110.0428 2.2458
NS 18.4748 0.0000 18.4748
NST 21.9863 0.0000 21.9863
NP 74.9149 0 74.9149
5858.3253 234.9337
Total 6093.2590
6093.2590

A4 Menara distilasi

7
 10

Neraca massa total : Isobutil palmitat

Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar Isobutil
Arus 7 = Arus 9 + Arus 10 alkohol
Air
a) Aliran masuk
Arus 7 = Umpan keluar filter press
Isobutil palmitat Menara
Isobutil alkohol Distilasi Antoine
Komponen
Air Arus 7 (kg/jam)
-01 Tb ( BM (kg/kmol)
A B C
IP 1112.0127 327.5 312.538 9.67 3373.232 144.42
IA 4636.2698 107.66 74.123 16.8712 2874.73 -100.3
A 110.0428 100 18.015 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
TOTAL 5858.3253

Isobutil palmitat
Komposisi bahan yang masuk menara distilasi

*) mol isobutil palmitat = m isobutil palmitat = 1112.0127 kg/jam

BM isobutil palmitat 312.538 kg/kmol
= 3.5580 kmol/jam

*) mol isobutil alkohol = m isobutil alkohol = 4636.2698 kg/jam

BM isobutil alkohol 74.123 kg/kmol
= 62.5483 kmol/jam

*) mol air = m air = 110.0428 kg/jam

°𝐶)
BM air 18.015 kg/kmol
= 6.1084 kmol/jm

Jumlam mol komponen = 72.2147 kmol/jam

masuk (mol total)

Umpan Masuk dalam Bubble Point

Trial kondisi umpan
P = 1.2 atm = 912 mmHg
T = 113.8259 oC = 386.826 K
T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nila1/Σ(xi*αi) = K basis
Ki = Psat/P
 αi = Ki/Kbasis
yi = (xi*αi)/(Σxi*αi)
dimana :
Keterangan :P = Tekanan uap (mmHg)
Coulson, 2005
T= Suhu (K)

P= Tekanan uap (mmHg)

Yaws,1999
T= Suhu (◦C)

Komponen n Zi Pi Ki αi Yi = Zi*Ki
IP (HK) 3.5580 0.0493 27.6697 0.0303396 1.0000 0.0015
IA (LK) 62.5483 0.8661 932.7593 1.0228 33.7105 0.8859
A 6.1084 0.0846 1214.0361 1.3312 43.8760 0.1126
Total 72.2147 1.0000 78.5865 1.00

% Recovery
Komponen recovery
IP 0.995
IA 0.004
A 0.001
Total 1

ln (P) =𝐴−𝐵/(𝑇+𝐶)
Distilat
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam %D
IP 5.5601 0.0178 0.12%
log 10 (P) =𝐴−𝐵/(𝑇+𝐶)
H2O 109.9328 6.1023 2.32%
IA 4617.7247 62.2981 97.56%
Total 4733.2175 68.4182 100%

Bottom
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam %B
IP 1106.4527 3.5402 98.34%
H2O 0.11004 0.0061 0.0098%
IA 18.5451 0.2502 1.65%
Total 1125.1078 3.7965 100.00%

b) Aliran keluar
Arus 9
Kondisi atas dalam keadaan dew point
Trial kondisi atas
P = 1.2 atm = 912 mmHg
T = 113.069 °C = 386.069 K

T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nilai dari ΣXi = 1
dimana Ki = Psat/P
 Psat = 10^(a-b/(T+c))
αi = Ki/Kbasis
yi = (xi*αi)/(Σxi*αi)

Komponen n(kmol/jam) Zi Psat Ki αi Zi/Ki

IP 0.0178 0.0003 27.4203 0.0301 1.0000 0.0086
H2O 6.1023 0.0892 1184.1403 1.2984 43.1849 0.0687
IA 62.2981 0.9105 908.3068 0.9960 33.1254 0.9143
Total 68.4182 1.0000 77.3103 0.992

Arus 10
kondisi bawah dalam keadaan bubble point
Trial kondisi bawah
P = 1.2 atm = 912 mmHg
T = 188.4751 °C = 461.475 K
dimana Ki = Psat/P
Psat = 10^(a-b/(T+c))
αi = Ki/Kbasis
yi = (xi*αi)/(Σxi*αi)

Komponen n(kmol/jam) Zi Psat Ki αi Zi*Ki

IP 3.5402 0.9325 60.5002362752 0.0663 1.0000 0.0619
H2O 0.00611 0.0016 9090.64374544 9.9678 150.2580 0.0160
IA 0.2502 0.0659 7419.15662093 8.1350 122.6302 0.5361 faktor pengali
Total 3.7965 1 273.8882 0.614

Tabel A4 Neraca Massa Menara Distilasi

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
7 9 10
IP 1112.0127 5.5601 1106.4527
H2O 110.0428 109.9328 0.1100
IA 4636.2698 4617.7247 18.5451
4733.2175 1125.1078
Total 5858.3253
5858.3253

Distribusi komponen Non-Key

Komponen Ki.D Ki.F Ki.B
IP 0.0301 0.0303 0.0663
H2O 1.2984 1.3312 9.9678
IA 0.9960 1.0228 8.1350

Komponen αF αD αB αavg
IP 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
H2O 43.8760 43.1849 150.2580 79.1063
 IA 33.7105 33.1254 122.6302 63.1554

Komponen D (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) B (kg/jam)

IP 5.5601 1112.0127 1106.4527
H2O 109.9328 110.0428 0.11004
IA 4617.7247 4636.2698 18.5451
Total 4733.2175 5858.3253 1125.1078

Komponen D (kmol) F (kmol) B (kmol)

IP 0.0178 3.5580 3.5402
H2O 6.1023 6.1084 0.0061
IA 62.2981 62.5483 0.2502
Total 68.4182 72.2147 3.7965

Komponen Zfi Zfi*αi avg ( e ) αi-θ (f) e/f

IP 0.0493 0.0493 -0.0529 -0.9317
H2O 0.0846 6.6913 78.0534 0.0857
IA 0.8661 54.7016 62.1025 0.8808
Total 1 61.4422 140.103 0.0349
θ = 1.0529 (triaL error supaya nilai e/f = 0)

faktor pengali = 1515.1515

1106.4527
= 1.3694
Basis bahan baku = 1369.3776
IA
IP
NP
A
NST
NS
faktor pengali = 1515.1515
1106.4527
= 1.3694

= 1369.3776
 A-15

LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas produksi = 12000 ton/tahun
1515.15152 kg/jam
Hari kerja = 330 hari
7920 jam/tahun
Basis Bahan Baku = 1369.3776 kg/jam

Spesifikasi bahan baku

Asam palmitat : C16H32O2 = 0.980
1)
Asam stearat : C18H36O2 = 0.020
Isobutil alkohol : C4H10O = 0.995
2)
Air : H2O = 0.005
Asam sulfat : H2SO4 = 0.970
3)
Air : H2O = 0.030

Spesifikasi produk
1) Isobutil palmitat : C20H40O2 = 0.97

Konversi = 0.931

Tabel A-1 Data Physical Properties

Komponen Rumus Molekul BM (kg/kmol) Densitas (kg/m3)
Isobutil alkohol (IA) C4H10O 74.123 797
Asam palmitat (AP) C16H32O2 256.430 853
Isobutil palmitat (IP) C20H40O2 312.538 853.5
Asam sulfat (AS) H2SO4 98.072 554
Air (A) H2 O 18.015 998

Tabel A-2 Konstanta Antoine

Komponen A B C Sumber
IA 16.8712 2874.73 -100.3 Coulson,2005
AP 18.9558 7049.18 -55.08 Coulson,2005
IP 9.67 3373.232 144.42 Yaws, 1999
A 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 Coulson,2005
 A-16

Neraca Massa Per Alat

A1. Reaktor Tangki Berpengaduk (R-210)
Fungsi : Mereaksikan isobutil alkohol dengan asam palmitat menggunakan katalis asam sulfat

Arus 3
Asam sulfat
Asam Palmitat
Asam Stearat Arus 1 Asam palmitat
Arus 4 Isobutil alkohol
Isobutil Palmitat
Arus 2 REAKTOR
Air
Asam sulfat
Isobutil Alkohol Asam Stearat
Air Arus 11

Isobutil alkohol
isobutil palmitat

Asam Palmitat : Isobutil alkohol = 1:5

Katalis = 0.21%
Konversi = 0.931
Reaksi:

C16H32O2 + C4H10O C20H40O2 + H2O

Mula-mula 5.3402 92.3720 - -

Bereaksi 4.9717 4.9717 4.9717 4.9717
sisa 0.3685 87.4003 4.9717 4.9717

Neraca Massa Total

Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar
Arus 1 + Arus 2 + Arus 3 + Arus 11 = Arus 4

a) Aliran masuk
Arus 1

Asam palmitat 98% = mol Asam palmitat x BM Asam palmitat

 A-17

= 5.3402 kmol/jam x 256.430 kg/kmol

= 1369.3776 kg/jam

Komposisi Asam : 0.980 = 0.020

stearat 1369.3776 komposisi asam stearat
: 27.9465 kg/jam

Arus 2
Isobutil alkohol = mol isobutil alkohol x BM isobutil alkohol
= 92.3720 kmol/jam x 74.123 kg/kmol
= 6846.8882 kg/jam

Komposisi air : 0.995 = 0.005

6846.8882 komposisi air
34.4065 kg/jam

Arus 3
Asam sulfat = 17.4678 kg/jam

Komposisi air : 0.970 = 0.030

17.4678 komposisi air
: 0.5402 kg/jam

Arus 11 (Arus keluar Fase Ringan Dekanter, Recycle)

Isobutil palmitat = 6338.8691 kg/jam
Isobutil alkohol = 3.0455 kg/jam

Karena melibatkan arus recycle maka umpan segar yang digunakan dalam kondisi
normal adalah selisih antara bahan baku total yang diperlukan terhadap umpan dalam
recycle. Maka arus masuk menjadi :

Arus 1 : Asam palmitat = 1369.3776 kg/jam

Asam stearat = 27.9465 kg/jam

Arus 2 : Isobutil alkohol = umpan arus 2 - arus recycle 11

= 6846.8882 - 6338.8691
= 508.0191 kg/jam

Air = 34.4065 kg/jam

 A-18

Arus 3 : Asam sulfat = 17.4678 kg/jam

Air = 0.5402 kg/jam

Arus 11 : Isobutil alkohol = 6338.8691 kg/jam

Isobutil palmitat = 3.0455 kg/jam

b) Aliran keluar
Arus 4
*) Asam palmitat = mol asam palmitat x BM asam palmitat
= 0.3685 kmol/jam x 256.430 kg/kmol
= 94.4871 kg/jam

*) Isobutil alkohol = mol isobutil alkohol x BM isobutil alkohol

= 87.4003 kmol/jam x 74.123 kg/kmol
= 6478.3716 kg/jam

*) Isobutil palmitat = mol isobutil palmitat x BM isobutil palmitat

= 4.9717 kmol/jam x 312.538 kg/kmol
= 1553.8422 kg/jam

*) Air = mol air x BM air

= 4.9717 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 89.5650 kg/jam

*) Asam stearat = 27.9465 kg/jam

*) Asam sulfat = 17.4678 kg/jam

Tabel A3 Neraca Massa Reaktor

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3 Arus 11 Arus 4
AP 1369.3776 0 0 0 94.4871
IA 0 508.0191 0 6338.8691 6478.3716
IP 0 0 0 3.0455 1556.8877
AST 27.9465 0 0 0 27.9465
AS 0 0 17.4678 0 17.4678
A 0 34.4065 0.5402 0.0000 124.5117
 A-19

1397.3241 542.4256 18.0080 6341.91462

Total 8299.6723
8299.6723

A2 Netralizer
Asumsi : Seluruh asam ternetralkan oleh NaOH 40%

Asam palmitat NaOH Arus 5

Isobutil alkohol Isobutil palmitat
Isobutil Arus 6 Isobutil alkohol
palmitat Air
Air
Arus 4
Netralizer Natrium Sulfat
Asam Sulfat Natrium palmitat
Asam stearat Natrium stearat

Tabel A-4 Data Physical Properties

Komponen Rumus molekul BM (kg/kmol)
Natrium hidroksida NaOH 40
Natrium sulfat (NS) Na2SO4 142.04
Natrium stearat (NST) NaC18H35O2 306.5
Natrium palmitat (NP) NaC16H31O2 278.412
Asam stearat C18H36O2 284.5
Asam sulfat H2SO4 98.072

Reaksi 1
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Mula-mula 0.1781 0.3562 - -
Bereaksi 0.1781 0.3562 0.1781 0.3562
Sisa 0.0000 0.0000 0.1781 0.3562

Reaksi 2
C16H32O2 + NaOH NaC16H31O2 + H2O
Mula-mula 0.3685 0.3685 - -
Bereaksi 0.3685 0.3685 0.3685 0.3685
Sisa 0.0000 0.0000 0.3685 0.3685
 A-20

Reaksi 3
C18H36O2 + NaOH NaC18H35O2 + H2O
Mula-mula 0.0982 0.0982 - -
Bereaksi 0.0982 0.0982 0.0982 0.0982
Sisa 0.0000 0.0000 0.0982 0.0982

Neraca Massa Total

Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar
Arus 4 + Arus 5 = Arus 6

a) Aliran masuk
Arus 4
*) Asam palmitat = mol asam palmitat x BM asam palmitat
= 0.3685 kmol/jam x 256.430 kg/kmol
= 94.4871 kg/jam

*) Isobutil alkohol = mol isobutil alkohol x BM isobutil alkohol

= 87.4003 kmol/jam x 74.123 kg/kmol
= 6478.3716 kg/jam

*) Isobutil palmitat = mol isobutil palmitat x BM isobutil palmitat

= 4.9717 kmol/jam x 312.538 kg/kmol
= 1553.8422 kg/jam

*) Air = mol air x BM air

= 4.9717 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 89.5650 kg/jam

*) Asam stearat = 27.9465 kg/jam

*) Asam sulfat = 17.4678 kg/jam

Arus 5
Reaksi 1
*) Kebutuhan NaOH = jumlah mol NaOH x BM NaOH
= 0.3562 kmol/jam x 40 kg/kmol
= 14.2489 kg/jam
 A-21

*) Air dari NaOH = Konsentrasi NaOH

x massa NaOH
40% Konsentrasi Air
= 60
x 14.2489 kg/jam
40
= 21.3734 kg/jm

Reaksi 2
*) Kebutuhan NaOH = jumlah mol NaOH x BM NaOH
= 0.3685 kmol/jam x 40 kg/kmol
= 14.7388 kg/jam

*) Air dari NaOH = Konsentrasi NaOH

x massa NaOH
40% Konsentrasi Air
= 60
x 14.7388 kg/jam
40
= 22.1083 kg/jm

Reaksi 3
*) Kebutuhan NaOH = jumlah mol NaOH x BM NaOH
= 0.0982 kmol/jam x 40 kg/kmol
= 3.9292 kg/jam

*) Air dari NaOH = Konsentrasi NaOH

x massa NaOH
40% Konsentrasi Air
= 60
x 3.9292 kg/jam
40
= 5.8938 kg/jm

b) Aliran keluar
Arus 6
Reaksi 1
*) Air = mol air x BM Air
= 0.3562 kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol
= 6.4174 kg/jam

*) Natrium sulfat = mol natrium sulfat x BM Natrium sulfat

= 0.1781 kmol/jam x 142.04 kg/kmol
= 25.2990 kg/jam
 A-22

Reaksi 2
*) Air = mol air x BM Air
= 0.3685 kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol
= 6.6380 kg/jam

*) Natrium palmitat = mol natrium palmitat x BM Natrium palmitat

= 0.3685 kmol/jam x 278.412 kg/kmol
= 102.5868 kg/jam

Reaksi 3
*) Air = mol air x BM Air
= 0.0982 kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol
= 1.7696 kg/jam

*) Natrium stearat = mol natrium stearat x BM Natrium stearat

= 0.0982 kmol/jam x 306.5 kg/kmol
= 30.1075 kg/jam

Tabel A-5 Neraca Massa Netralizer

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
4 5 6
AP 94.4871 0 0
IA 6478.3716 0 6478.3716
IP 1553.8422 0 1553.8422
A 124.5117 49.3755 188.7122
AST 27.9465 0.0000 0
AS 17.4678 0.0000 0
NaOH 0 32.9170 0
NS 0 0 25.2990
NP 0 0 102.5868
NST 0 0 30.1075
8296.6268 82.2925
Total 8378.9193
8378.9193

A3 Filter press
Fungsi : memisahkan padatan dari filtrat

Isobutil palmitat
Arus 7
Isobutil alkohol
Isobutil palmitat
Air
Isobutil alkohol
Air
Natrium sulfat
 A-23

Isobutil palmitat
Arus 7
Isobutil alkohol
Isobutil palmitat
Air
Isobutil alkohol
Air Arus 6
Natrium sulfat FILTER PRESS
Natrium stearat
Natrium palmitat Air
Natrium sulfat
Natrium palmitat
Arus 8
Natrium stearat

Neraca massa total

Aliran masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 6 = Arus 7 + Arus 8

*) Efisiensi pemisahan pada filter press = 98% (twinfilter.com)

*) Jumlah filtrat yang tertahan = 2% dari jumlah padatan yang tertahan
di dalam cake

a) Aliran masuk
Arus 6 = Arus keluar dari netralizer
*) Isobutil alkohol = 6478.3716 kg/jam
*) Isobutil palmitat = 1553.8422 kg/jam
*) Air = 188.7122 kg/jam
*) Natrium sulfat = 25.2990 kg/jam
*) Natrium palmitat = 102.5868 kg/jam
*) Natrium stearat = 30.1075 kg/jam

b) Aliran keluar
Arus 7
*) Isobutil alkohol = 6348.8041 kg/jam
*) Isobutil palmitat = 1522.7653 kg/jam
*) Air = 184.9380 kg/jam

Arus 8
*) Isobutil alkohol = 2% x 6478.3716 kg/jam
= 129.5674 kg/jam
*) Isobutil palmitat = 2% x 1553.8422 kg/jam
= 31.0768 kg/jam
 A-24

*) Air = 2% x 188.7122 kg/jam

= 3.7742 kg/jam
*) Natrium sulfat = 25.2990 kg/jam
*) Natrium palmita = 102.5868 kg/jam
*) Natrium stearat = 30.1075 kg/jam

Tabel A-6 Neraca Massa Filter Press

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
6 7 8
IA 6478.3716 6348.8041 129.5674
IP 1553.8422 1522.7653 31.0768
A 188.7122 184.9380 3.7742
NS 25.2990 0.0000 25.2990
NP 102.5868 0.0000 102.5868
NST 30.1075 0 30.1075
8056.5074 322.4119
Total 8378.9193
8378.9193

A4 Menara distilasi
Fungsi : memurnikan produk isobutil palmitat dari isobutil alkohol dan air

Isobutil palmitat
Isobutil alkohol
Air
9

9
Isobutil palmitat
7
Isobutil alkohol Menara
Air Distilasi

10 Isobutil palmitat
Isobutil alkohol
Air
 A-25

Isobutil palmitat
Isobutil alkohol
Air

Neraca massa total :

Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar
Arus 7 = Arus 9 + Arus 10

Tabel A-7 Data Konstanta Antoine dan Physical Properties

Arus 7 BM Antoine
Komponen Tb (◦C)
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) A B C
IA 6348.8041 327.5 74.123 16.8712 2874.73 -100.3
IP 1522.7653 107.66 312.538 9.67 3373.232 144.42
A 184.9380 100 18.015 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
TOTAL 8056.5074

Komposisi bahan yang masuk menara distilasi

*) mol isobutil alkohol = m isobutil alkohol 6348.8041 kg/jam

=
BM isobutil alkohol 74.123 kg/kmol
= 85.6523 kmol/jam

*) mol isobutil palmitat = m isobutil palmitat 1522.7653 kg/jam

=
BM isobutil palmitat 312.538 kg/kmol
= 4.8723 kmol/jam

*) mol air = m air 184.9380 kg/jam

=
BM air 18.015 kg/kmol
= 10.2658 kmol/jam

*) Jumlam mol kompone = 100.7903 kmol/jam

masuk (mol total)

Umpan Masuk dalam Bubble Point

Trial kondisi umpan
P = 1.2 atm = 912 mmHg
T = 113.648 oC = 386.648 K
T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar1/Σ(xi*αi) = K basis
Ki = Psat/P
 A-26

αi = Ki/Kbasis
yi = (xi*αi)/(Σxi*αi)
dimana :
ln (P) =𝐴−𝐵/(𝑇+𝐶) Keterangan : P = Tekanan uap (mmHg) Coulson, 2005
T = Suhu (K)

Komponen n Zi Pi Ki αi Yi = Zi*Ki
IA (LK) 85.6523 0.8498 926.9616 1.0164 33.5723 0.8637
IP (HK) 4.8723 0.0483 27.6109 0.0303 1.0000 0.0015
A 10.2658 0.1019 1206.9500 1.3234 43.7128 0.1348
Total 100.7903 1.0000 78.2851 1.0000

% Recovery
Komponen recovery
IA 0.0015
IP 0.998
A 0.0005
Total 1

Distilat
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam %D
IA 6339.2809 85.5238 97.12%
IP 3.0455 0.0097 0.05%
A 184.8455 10.2606 2.83%
Total 6527.1720 95.7942 100.00%

Bottom
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam %B
IA 9.5232 0.1285 0.62%
IP 1519.7198 4.8625 99.37%
A 0.0925 0.0051 0.01%
Total 1529.3355 4.9961 100.00%

b) Aliran keluar
Arus 9
 A-27

Kondisi atas dalam keadaan dew point

Trial kondisi atas
P = 1.2 atm = 912 mmHg
T = 112.274 °C = 385.274 K

T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nilai dari ΣXi = 1
dimana Ki = Psat/P
Psat = exp^(a-b/(T+c))
αi = Ki/Kbasis
yi = (xi*αi)/(Σxi*αi)

Komponen n Zi Pi Ki αi Zi/Ki
IA (LK) 85.5238 0.8928 883.1612 0.9684 32.5173 0.8646
IP (HK) 0.0097 0.0001 27.1597 0.0298 1.0000 0.0000
A 10.2606 0.1071 1153.3719 1.2647 42.4663 0.1355
Total 95.7942 1.0000 75.9836 1.0000

Arus 10
Kondisi bawah dalam keadaan bubble point
Trial kondisi bawah
P = 1.2 atm = 912 mmHg
T = 264.683 °C = 537.6831 K
dimana Ki = Psat/P
Psat = exp^(a-b/(T+c))
αi = Ki/Kbasis
yi = (xi*αi)/(Σxi*αi)

Komponen n Zi Pi Ki αi Yi = Zi*Ki
IA (LK) 0.1285 0.0257 29691.9875 32.5570 263.4788 0.8372
IP (HK) 4.8625 0.9733 112.6921 0.1236 1.0000 0.1203
A 0.0051 0.0010 37780.7852 41.4263 335.2566 0.0426
Total 4.9961 1.0000 599.7354 1.0000
 A-28

Tabel A4 Neraca Massa Menara Distilasi

Aliran Masuk (kg/jam) Aliran Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
7 9 10
IA 6348.8041 6339.2809 9.5232
IP 1522.7653 3.0455 1519.7198
A 184.9380 184.8455 0.0925
6527.1720 1529.3355
Total 8056.5074
8056.5074

Distribusi komponen Non-Key

Komponen Ki.D Ki.F Ki.B
IA 0.9684 1.0164 32.5570
IP 0.0298 0.0303 0.1236
A 1.2647 1.3234 41.4263

Komponen αF αD αB αavg
IA 33.5723 32.5173 263.4788 109.8561
IP 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
A 43.7128 42.4663 335.2566 140.4786

Komponen D (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) B (kg/jam)

IA 6339.2809 6348.8041 9.5232
IP 3.0455 1522.7653 1519.7198
A 184.8455 184.9380 0.0925
Total 6527.1720 8056.5074 1529.3355

Komponen D (kmol) F (kmol) B (kmol)

IA 85.5238 85.6523 0.1285
IP 0.0097 4.8723 4.8625
A 10.2606 10.2658 0.0051
Total 95.7942 100.7903 4.9961

Komponen Zfi Zfi*αi avg ( e ) αi-θ (f) e/f

IA 0.8498 93.3565 108.8058 0.8580
 A-29

IP 0.0483 0.0483 -0.0504 -0.9594

A 0.1019 14.3081 140.4786 0.1019
Total 1 107.7130 249.234 0.000
θ = 1.0504 (triaL error supaya nilai e/f = 0)

Perhitungan Reflux Minimum (Rmin)

Rmin + 1 = Σ((αD*ZD)/(αD-θ))
Komponen αD Zd Zd/(α-θ)/α
IA 32.5173 0.8928 0.9226
IP 1.0000 0.0001 -0.0020
A 42.4663 0.1071 0.1098
Total 75.9836 1 1.0304

Rmin + 1 = 1.0304
Rmin = 0.0304

Rop = 1.2-1.5 Rm
diambil,
Rop = 1.5 Rm = 0.0456

*Menentukan komposisi cairan reflux dan uap masuk kondensor

Ro = Lo/D
Lo = Ro*D
Lo = 4.3679 kmol/jam
V = Lo+D
V = ### kmol/jam

*Komposisi Cairan Reflux (Lo)

Komponen Zi n (kmol/jam) m (kg/jam)
IA 0.8928 3.8996 289.0492
IP 0.0001 0.0004 0.1389
A 0.1071 0.4678 8.4283
Total 1 4.3679 297.6164

*Komposisi Uap yang Masuk Kondensor (V)

Komponen Zi n (kmol/jam) m (kg/jam)
IA 0.8928 89.4234 6628.3302
IP 0.0001 0.0102 3.1844
 A-30

A 0.1071 10.7285 193.2738

Total 1 100.1621 6824.7884

*) Untuk perhitungan stage minimum

Komponen D/B log (α avg) log D/B
IA (LK) 665.6667 2.0408 2.8233
IP (HK) 0.0020 0.0000 -2.6981

Persamaan: didapat:
2.8233 = A + C* 2.0408 C = 2.7055
-2.6981 A + C* 0.0000 A = -2.6981
y = 2.7055 x -2.6981
y = log D/B
x = log (α avg)

Komponen log (α avg) log (D/B) baru (D/B) baru Bi Di

IA (LK) 2.0408 2.8233 ### 0.1285 85.5238
IP (HK) 0.0000 -2.6981 0.0020040 4.8625 0.0097
Total 4.9910 85.5335

Perbandingan lama dan baru

Komponen Bi lama Bi baru Selisih Di lama Di baru Selisih
IA (LK) 0.1285 0.1285 0.0000 85.5238 85.5238 0.0000
IP (HK) 4.8625 4.8625 0.0000 0.0097 0.0097 0.0000
Total 4.9910 4.9910 0.0000 85.5335 0.0000 0.0000

Bi (baru) Bi (lama)
Komponen Zb Zd Selisih
(kg/jam) (kg/jam)
IA (LK) 0.0257 0.8928 9.5232 9.5232 0.0000
IP (HK) 0.9733 0.0001 1519.7198 1519.7198 0.0000
Total 0.999 0.893 1529.2430 1529.2430

Di (baru) Di (lama)
Komponen Selisih
(kg/jam) (kg/jam)
IP (HK) 6339.2809 6339.2809 0.0000
IA (LK) 3.0455 3.0455 0.0000
 A-31

Total 6342.3265 6342.3265

Nm = log 8776.6112 x 37.8469

2.04082
= 5.5214
2.0408
= 2.7055 ≈ 3

A5 Dekanter

Arus 11
Isobutil palmitat
Isobutil alkohol
Arus
Isobutil palmitat 9
Isobutil alkohol DEKANTER
Air

Air
Isobutil alkohol
Arus 12

Neraca massa total

Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar
Arus 9 = Arus 11 + Arus 12

*)Kelarutan C4H9OH dalam H2O (20oC) = 0.063 kg/L H2O

a) Aliran masuk
Arus 9 = Keluaran distilat dari menara distilasi

*) Isobutil alkohol = 6339.2809 kg/jam

*) Isobutil palmitat = 3.0455 kg/jam
*) Air = 184.8455 kg/jam

*) C4H9OH dalam = (kelarutan C4H9OH dalam air x m H2O ) : densitas H2O

fase berat (air)
 A-32

= 0.063 kg/L x 6524.1264 kg/jam

998 (kg/m³)
= 0.4118 kg/jam

*) C4H9OH dalam fase ringan = m C4H9OH - m C4H9OH dalam air

= 6339.2809 - 0.4118
= 6338.8691 kg/jam

*) Komposisi Hasil
Terbentuk 2 fase yaitu fase berat dan fase ringan, yaitu:
*) Fase Ringan
ρ Massa Fraksi 1
Komponen
(kg/m³) (kg/jam) massa (Fraksi massa/ρ)
IA 797 6338.8691 0.9995 797.3829
IP 853.5 3.0455 0.0005 1777300.8015
Butil oleat 6341.9146 1.0000 1778098.1844

*) Fase Berat
ρ Massa Fraksi 1
Komponen
(kg/m3) (kg/jam) massa (Fraksi massa/ρ)
IA 797 0.4118 0.0022 358510.0709
Air 998 184.8455 0.9978 1000.2236
Total 185.2573 1.0000 359510.2945

b) Aliran keluar
Arus 11 (Fase ringan)
Massa ρ Fraksi Laju Alir Volume
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kg/L) massa (L/jam)
IA 6338.8691 0.797 0.9995 7953.4117
IP 3.0455 0.8535 0.0005 3.5683
Total 6341.9146 1.0000 7956.9799

Densitas campuran isobutil palmitat dan isobutil alkohol

= Total arus masuk 6341.9146 kg/jam
=
Total laju alir volume 7956.9799 L/jam
= 0.7970 kg/L

Arus 12 (Fase Berat)

 A-33

Massa ρ Fraksi Laju Alir Volume

Komponen
(kg/jam) (kg/L) massa (L/jam)
IA 0.4118 0.797 0.0022 0.5167
Air 184.8455 0.998 0.9978 185.2159
Total 185.2573 1.0000 185.7327

Densitas campuran Isobutil alkohol dan Air

= Total arus masuk 185.2573 kg/jam
=
Total laju alir volume 185.7327 L/jam
= 0.9974 kg/L

Tabel A5 Neraca Massa Dekanter

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
9 11 12
IA 6339.2809 6338.8691 0.4118
IP 3.0455 3.0455 0
A 184.8455 0 184.8455
6341.9146 185.2573
Total 6527.1720
6527.1720