Modul Topikal Kbat Sains Tingkatan 2

MODUL TOPIKAL
KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI
Koleksi Soalan-Soalan Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

(TIMSS) dan Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA) dalam
Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran
SAINS
TINGKATAN DUA
KE ARAH MEMBUDAYAKAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI
Sektor Pengurusan Akademik

Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor
2016
MODUL TOPIKAL KBAT SAINS TINGKATAN 2
KANDUNGAN
BAB TAJUK MUKA SURAT
1 DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA 2
2 NUTRISI 9
3 BIODIVERSITI 13
SALING BERSANDARAN ANTARA ORGANISMA HIDUP DENGAN

4 16
PERSEKITARAN
5 AIR DAN LARUTAN 24
7 DINAMIK 33
10 MESIN RINGKAS 38
SKEMA JAWAPAN 44
1
Tema D:
PENYENGGARAAN DAN
KESINAMBUNGAN HIDUP
Bab 1:
DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA
2
BAB 1: DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA
1 When a person sees something, what carries the message from the eyes to the
brain?
Bila seseorang melihat sesuatu, apakah yang membawa maklumat dari mata ke otak?
A Arteries.
Arteri.
B. Glands.
Kelenjar.
C. Muscles.
Otot.
D. Nerves.
Saraf.
2 Briefly explain how eye glasses and contact lenses help some people to see more
clearly.
Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana cermin mata dan kanta sentuh membantu
sesetengah orang melihat dengan lebih jelas.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3 The picture shows a pencil that is lying on a shelf in front of a mirror. Draw a picture of
the pencil as you would see it in the mirror. Use the patterns of lines on the shelf to help
you.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebatang pensil yang diletakkan pada kepingan papan di
hadapan sekeping cermin. Lukis imej pensil yang anda lihat dari dalam cermin. Gunakan
corak garisan yang terdapat pada kepingan papan untuk membantu anda.
3
4 A candle is placed on a ruled grid in front of mirror, as shown. At what point will the
reflection of the candle appear to be?
Sebatang lilin diletakkan di garisan grid di hadapan sekeping cermin. Pada kedudukan
manakah pantulan lilin tersebut akan kelihatan?
A. Point A.
Kedudukan A.
B. Point B.
Kedudukan B.
C. Point C.
Kedudukan C.
D. Point D.
Kedudukan D.
5 A beam of light strikes a mirror as shown.

Satu alur cahaya dihalakan kepada sekeping cermin seperti rajah di bawah.
Which picture best shows what the reflected light would look like?
Di antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan pantulan cahaya yang paling tepat?
4
6.
Which picture best shows the direction of the reflected light?

Antara rajah berikut yang manakah menunjukkan arah pantulan cahaya yang paling
tepat?
5
7 The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting.
Why it is impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to
do this?
Anak-anak kapal antara dua buah bot boleh berkomunikasi secara melaung di laut.
Mengapa anak-anak kapal antara dua kapal angkasa yang mempunyai jarak yang sama
seperti situasi di atas tidak boleh berbuat demikian?
A. The sound is reflected more in space.

Bunyi dipantulkan lebih di angkasa lepas.
B. The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.
Tekanan terlalu tinggi di dalam kapal angkasa.
C. The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.
Kapal angkasa bergerak lebih laju daripada bunyi.
D. There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.
Tiada udara di angkasa lepas untuk bunyi bergerak melaluinya.
8. What is the advantage of having two eyes to see with rather than one eye?
Apakah kelebihan melihat dengan menggunakan dua mata berbanding satu mata?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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9. What is the advantage of having two ears to hear with rather

Apakah kelebihan mempunyai dua telinga berbanding satu telinga?
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10. Marry was looking out her window on stormy night. She saw lightning and then heard
thunder a few second later. Explain why she saw lightning before she heard thunder.
Marry melihat ribut pada waktu malam melalui tingkap. Dia melihat kilat dan mendengar
bunyi guruh beberapa saat selepas itu. Huraikan kenapa dia melihat kilat terlebih dahulu
sebelum mendengar bunyi guruh.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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11 A girl has an idea that green plants need sand in the soil for healthy growth. In order to
test her idea she uses two pots of plants. She sets up one pot of plants as shown below.
Seorang gadis menyatakan bahawa tumbuhan hijau perlukan pasir dalam tanah untuk
pertumbuhan yang sihat. Bagi menguji kesahihan idea tersebut, beliau menggunakan
dua pasu tumbuhan. Beliau membina pasu pertama seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.
6
Sunlight
Sinaran matahari
Sand, soil and water

Pasir, tanah dan air
Which ONE of the following should she use for the second pot of plants?
Yang mana SATU daripada yang berikut harus digunakan sebagai pasu kedua?
A. B.
Dark cupboard
Sunlight Almari gelap
Sinaran matahari
Sand and water

Pasir dan air Sand, soil and water
Pasir, tanah dan air
C. D.
Sunlight
Dark cupboard
Almari gelap Sinaran matahari
Soil and water / Tanah dan air

7
12.
What can be predicted about the height of the pea plans?

Apakah yang boleh diramalkan mengenai ketinggian tumbuhan kacang?
Explain your answer.Terangkan jawapan anda.
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8
Tema D:
PENYENGGARAAN DAN
KESINAMBUNGAN HIDUP
Bab 2:
NUTRISI
9
BAB 2: NUTRISI
1. What is the BEST reason for including protein in a healthy diet?

Apakah sebab terbaik mengambil protein dalam pemakanan seimbang?
A. Energy for the body.

Tenaga untuk tubuh.
B. Fiber for digestion.
Serat untuk pencernaan.
C. Raw materials for cell growth and repair.
Bahan untuk pertumbuhan dan memperbaiki sel.
D. Vitamins for fighting disease.
Vitamin untuk melawan penyakit.
2. Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?

Makanan yang manakah mengandungi peratus protein yang paling tinggi?
A. Rice
Nasi
B. Dates
Buah kurma
C. Carrots
Lobak merah
D. Chicken
Ayam
3. What are vitamins

Apakah vitamin?
A. Substances that break down food.

Bahan yang menguraikan makanan.
B. Bacteria that people get when they eat some foods.
Bakteria yang menjangkiti manusia apabila memakan makanan tertentu.
C. Substances that people make from protein.
Bahan yang dibuat daripada protein.
D. Substances that people need in small amounts in order for their bodies to function
normally.
Bahan yang diperlukan dalam jumlah yang kecil untuk membolehkan badan
berfungsi dengan normal.
4. Which of these meals would give you most of the nutrients that you need?
Di antara berikut yang manakah memenuhi keperluan nutrien yang paling banyak?
A. Meat, milk, and a piece of chocolate.

Daging, susu dan sekeping coklat.
B. Bread, vegetables and fish.
Roti, sayur-sayuran dan ikan.
C. Vegetables, fruits and water.
Sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan dan air.
D. Meat, fish and bread.
Daging, ikan dan roti.
10
5. Which of the following organs is NOT situated in the abdomen?

Yang manakah di antara organ-organ berikut TIDAK terletak di bahagian abdomen?
A. Liver
Hati
B. Kidney
Ginjal
C. Urinary Bladder
Pundi kencing
D. Stomach
Perut
6.
What is organ X
Apakah organ X?
A. Liver
Hati
B. Stomach
Perut
C. Small intestine
Usus kecil
D. Large intestine
Usus besar
7. In living things, large and complex molecules are broken down into small and simple
molecules. What is the process called?
Dalam benda hidup, molekul yang besar dan kompleks dipecahkan kepada molekul kecil
dan ringkas. Apakah proses tersebut?
A. Excretion
Perkumuhan
B. Absorption
Penyerapan
C. Digestion
Penghadaman
D. Circulation
Peredaran
11
8. What digestive substance is found in the mouth? What does it do?

Apakah bahan pencernaan yang terdapat di dalam mulut? Apakah yang dilakukannya?
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9. The gall bladder stores bile, a fluid that aids in digestion of fat. Which of the following
types of food should be avoided by a person whose gall bladder has been removed?
Pundi hempedu menyimpan hempedu iaitu bendalir yang membantu dalam pencernaan
lemak. Jenismakanan yang manakah patut dielakkan oleh seseorang yang tiada pundi
hempedu?
A. Fruits
Buah-buahan
B. Grains
Bijirin
C. Cheese
Keju
D. Vegetables
Sayur-sayuran
10. State two reasons why famine (a great shortage of food) occurs.
Nyatakan dua sebab berlakunya kebuluran (kekurangan bekalan makanan).
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12
Tema B:
MANUSIA DAN KEPELBAGAIAN

BENDA HIDUP
Bab 3:
BIODIVERSITI
13
BAB 3: BIODIVERSITI
1. 1. Which characteristic is found ONLY in mammals?

Ciri manakah yang HANYA terdapat pada mamalia?
A. Eyes that detect colour.

Mata yang mengesan warna.
B. Glands that make milk.
Kelenjar yang menghasilkan susu.
C. Skin that absorbs oxygen.
Kulit yang menyerap oksigen.
D. Bodies that are protected by scales.
Badan yang dilindungi oleh sisik.
2. An animal has scales and use only its lungs to exchange gases.
What is the animal most likely to be classified?
Haiwan ini mempunyai sisik dan menggunakan paru-paru untuk pertukaran gas.
Apakah kelas haiwan tersebut?
A. A fish / Ikan
B. A reptile / Reptilia
C. A mammal / Mamalia
D. An amphibian / Amfibia
3. Cats are most closely related to which of the following animals?

Manakah antara haiwan berikut yang berkaitrapat dengan kucing?
A. Crocodiles / Buaya
B. Whales / Ikan paus
C. Frogs / Katak
D. Penguins / Penguin
4. Which statement best explains why mammals are found in very cold regions of the world
but lizards are not?
Manakah antara berikut merupakan pernyataan terbaik bagi menerangkan sebab
mamalia boleh ditemui di kawasan yang sangat sejuk di dunia ini tetapi tidak bagi cicak?
A. Both mammals and lizards are cold-blooded, but mammals have fur to keep them
warm
Kedua-dua mamalia dan cicak adalah berdarah sejuk, tetapi mamalia mempunyai
bulu untuk memanaskan badan
B. Both mammals and lizards are warm-blooded, but lizards get too cold when they
shed their skin
Kedua-dua mamalia dan cicak adalah berdarah panas, tetapi cicak akan menjadi
sejuk apabila menyingkirkan kulit mereka
C. Since mammals, but not lizards, are warm-blooded, their body temperature will
adjust to match the external temperature
Disebabkan mamalia adalah berdarah panas tidak seperti cicak, suhu badan
mereka akan disesuaikan dengan suhu luar
D. Since mammals, but not lizards, are warm-blooded, they will maintain their body
temperature using heat from metabolic processes
Disebabkan mamalia adalah berdarah panas tidak seperti cicak, mereka akan
mengekalkan suhu badan menggunakan haba dari proses metabolik badan
14
5. How does the average body temperature of people living in hot climates compare
to the average body temperature of people living in cold climates?
(Tick one box)
Bagaimanakah purata suhu badan mereka yang tinggal di iklim panas berbanding purata
suhu badan mereka yang tinggal di iklim sejuk?
(Tandakan satu kotak)
Higher in hot climates

Lebih tinggi di iklim panas
Lower in hot climates
Lebih rendah di iklim panas
The same in both climates
Sama pada kedua-dua iklim
Explain your answer.

Terangkan jawapan anda.
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15
Tema B:
MANUSIA DAN KEPELBAGAIAN

BENDA HIDUP
Bab 4:
SALING BERSANDARAN
ANTARA ORGANISMA HIDUP
DENGAN PERSEKITARAN
16
BAB 4: SALING BERSANDARAN ANTARA ORGANISMA HIDUP DENGAN PERSEKITARAN
The diagram shows a community consisting of mice, snakes and wheat plants.
What would happen to this community if people killed the snakes?
Rajah menunjukkan suatu komuniti yang terdiri daripada tikus, ular dan pokok
gandum. Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada komuniti ini sekiranya manusia
membunuh ular?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
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2 A girl had an idea that plants needed minerals from the soil for healthy growth. She
placed a plant in the Sun, as shown in the diagram below.
Seorang budak perempuan mendapat idea bahawa pokok memerlukan mineral
daripada tanah untuk pertumbuhan yang sihat. Beliau meletakkan pokok di bawah
cahaya matahari seperti di dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Matahari
Pasir, mineral dan air
17
In order to check her idea she also needed to use another plant. Which of the following
should she use?
Untuk memastikan ideanya, dia juga memerlukan pokok yang lain. Manakah antara
berikut yang perlu dia gunakan?
A Dark Cupboard D Sunlight

Almari gelap Cahaya matahari
Sand, Minerals and water Sand and water

Pasir, mineral dan air Pasir dan air
B Dark cupboard E Sunlight

Almari gelap Cahaya matahari
Sand and mineral

Pasir dan mineral
Sand and water
Pasir dan air
C Sunlight
Cahaya matahari
Sand only
Pasir sahaja
3 In the picture of an aquarium, six items are labeled.

Dalam gambar akuarium berikut, sebanyak enam item dilabelkan.
18
Explain why each of the following is important in maintaining the ecosystem in the
aquarium.
Jelaskan kenapa setiap perkara berikut adalah penting dalam mengekalkan ekosistem
dalam akuarium tersebut.
(a) the plant

tumbuhan
..........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
(b) the light

cahaya
..........................................................................................................................................
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4 The following diagram shows a cross-section through an ocean. A number of

organisms (plants and animals) live in the different regions of the ocean and depend on
one another and on the Sun for survival.
Rajah berikut menunjukkan keratan rentas lautan. Sebilangan organisma (tumbuhan
dan haiwan) tinggal di kawasan yang berbeza di dalam lautan itu serta bergantung
antara satu sama lain dan sinaran matahari untuk terus hidup.
19
Look at the list of organisms (plants and animals) below.

They all live in the Neritic Zone.
Lihat senarai organisma (tumbuhan dan haiwan) di bawah.
Mereka tinggal di zon Neritik.
Organism Description
Organisma Penerangan
Zooplankton Microscopic plants that feed on phytoplankton

Zooplankton Tumbuhan mikro yang memakan fitoplankton
Tuna Medium sized fish that feeds on small fish
Tuna Ikan saiz sederhana yang memakan ikan kecil
Herring Small fish that feeds on zooplankton
Ikan Herring Ikan kecil yang memakan zooplankton
Shark Large fish that feeds on other fish
Jerung Ikan besar yang memakan ikan lain
Whale Large mammal that feeds on zooplankton
Paus Mamalia besar yang memakan zooplankton
A Complete the food web on the chart below to include all the organisms listed in the
table. Write the name of one organism in each circle.
Lengkapkan siratan makanan di dalam carta di bawah merangkumi kesemua
organisma yang disenaraikan dalam jadual. Tulis nama satu organisma di dalam
setiap bulatan yang diberikan.
The information given about each organism will help you. Three organisms have been
placed on the chart for you. The arrows show the direction that energy flows through
the food web.
Maklumat yang diberikan tentang setiap organisma akan membantu anda. Tiga
organisma telah diletakkan pada carta. Anak-anak panah menunjukkkan arah aliran
tenaga melalui siratan makanan.
20
B One year tuna becomes scarce because of over-fishing. State what is most likely to
happen to the population of sharks and explain your answer
Pada suatu tahun, ikan tuna terhad disebabkan oleh penangkapan ikan tanpa kawalan.
Nyatakan apakah yang mungkin berlaku pada populasi jerung dan jelas jawapan anda.
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5. The intertidal zone is found along the ocean shore between the low-tide and hightide
lines. The diagrams below show a cross-section of an intertidal zone at high tide and at
low tide and some of the organisms living there.
Zon pasang surut wujud di sepanjang laut antara aras surut dan aras pasang. Rajah di
bawah menunjukkan keratan rentas zon pasang surut pada aras surut dan aras
pasang serta beberapa organisma yang hidup di sana.
21
The organisms that live in the intertidal zone have special adaptations that allow them
to survive that effects the tides.
Organisma yang hidup di zon pasang dan surut mempunyai adaptasi yang sesuai bagi
membolehkan mereka terus hidup akibat dari air pasang dan surut.
Select an organism from the intertidal zone. Identify a physical feature or behavior of
this organism. Explain how this feature or behavior helps the organism to survive low
tide.
Pilih salah satu organisma yang tinggal di kawasan air pasang dan surut. Kenalpasti
ciri- ciri fizikal atau tingkah laku organisma tersebut. Terangkan bagaimana ciri - ciri
dan tingkah laku ini dapat membantu organisma itu terus hidup semasa air surut.
Name of organism:
...................................................................................................
Nama organism:
Feature or behavior:
Tingkahlaku atau ...................................................................................................
ciri –ciri: ...................................................................................................
Explanation:
...................................................................................................
Penjelasan:
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
6 On a river near a town the government decided to build a dam for electricity and irrigation
purposes. Write down one effect the dam could have on wildlife (animals and plants).
Di sebuah sungai berhampiran dengan bandar, kerajaan memutuskan untuk membina
empangan bagi tujuan pengairan dan penjanaan elektrik. Tuliskan satu kesan pembinaan
empangan kepada hidupan liar (haiwan dan tumbuhan).
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7 People get energy from the food they eat. Where does the energy stored in food come
from?
Manusia mendapat tenaga daripada makanan yang dimakan. Dari manakah tenaga
tersimpan dalam makanan diperoleh?
A Fertilizers
Baja
B The sun
Matahari
C Vitamins
Vitamin
D The soil
Tanah
22
8 The diagram below shows an example of interdependence among aquatic organisms. During
the day the organisms either use up or give off (a) or (b) as shown by the arrows.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu contoh saling bersandaran dalam kalangan organisma
akuatik. Sepanjang hari organisma sama ada menggunakan atau membebaskan (a) atau (b)
seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh anak panah berikut.
A (a) is oxygen and (b) is carbon dioxide.

(a) ialah oksigen dan (b) ialah karbon dioksida
B (a) is oxygen and (b) is carbohydrate.

(a) ialah oksigen dan (b) ialah karbohidrat
C (a) is nitrogen and (b) is carbon dioxide.

(a) ialah nitrogen dan (b) ialah karbon dioksida
D (a) is carbon dioxide and (b) is oxygen.

(a) ialah karbon dioksida dan (b) ialah oksigen
E (a) is carbon dioxide and (b) is carbohydrate.

(a) ialah karbon dioksida dan (b) ialah karbohidrat
23
Tema C:
JIRIM DALAM ALAM
Bab 5:
AIR DAN LARUTAN
24
BAB 5: AIR DAN LARUTAN
1 Draw a diagram to show how the water that falls as rain in one place may come from
another place that is far away.
Lukis gambar rajah yang menunjukkan bagaimana air yang turun sebagai hujan di
sesuatu tempat datang daripada tempat yang lebih jauh.
2 Sea water contains dissolve salts and is not suitable for drinking. Describe a procedure that
can be used to obtain a cup of drinking water from a bucket of sea water.
Air laut mengandungi garam dan ia tidak sesuai untuk diminum. Perihalkan kaedah yang
boleh digunakan untuk mendapatkan secawan air minuman daripada sebaldi air.
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3 David makes a solution by dissolving 10 grams of salt in 100 ml of water. He wants a

solution that is half as concentrated .What should he add to the original solution to obtain
a solution that is about half as concentrated?
David membancuh suatu larutan dengan melarutkan 10 gram garam di dalam 100 ml air.
Beliau memerlukan satu larutan yang separa pekat. Apakah yang perlu ditambah kepada
larutan asal bagi mendapatkan larutan separa pekat tersebut?
A 50 ml of water
50 ml air
B 100 ml of water
100 ml air
C 5 grams of salts
5 gram garam
D 10 grams of salt
10 gram garam
25
4 A solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water will turn blue litmus paper red. A solution
of the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water will turn red litmus paper blue. If the
acid and base solution above are mixed in the right proportion, the resulting solution
will cause neither red nor blue litmus paper to change color. Explain why the litmus
paper does not change color in the mixed solution.
Larutan asid hidroklorik (HCI) dalam air akan menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru
kepada merah. Larutan beralkali natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dalam air akan
menukarkan warna kertas litmus merah kepada biru. Jika kedua-dua larutan tersebut
dicampurkan dengan sama banyak, larutan tersebut akan menyebabkan tiada
perubahan warna pada kertas litmus merah atau biru. Mengapa kertas litmus tidak
bertukar warna dalam larutan yang bercampur itu? Jelaskan.
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5 A wet towel will dry when it is left in the sun. Which process occurs to make this happen?
Tuala yang basah akan kering jika dibiarkan di bawah matahari. Apakah proses yang
terlibat pada keadaan ini?
A Melting
Peleburan
B Boiling
Pendidihan
C Condensation
Kondensasi
D Evaporation
Penyejatan
6 Tom took a glass of milk and tested it with blue litmus paper. The litmus paper stayed
blue. After two days, Tom tested the same milk with blue litmus paper again, and the
blue litmus paper turned red. What kind of change took place in the milk?
Tom mengambil segelas susu dan mengujinya dengan kertas litmus biru. Kertas litmus
biru tidak berubah warna.Selepas dua hari, Tom menguji semula susu yang sama
dengan kertas litmus biru. Kertas litmus biru bertukar kepada warna merah. Apakah
perubahan yang berlaku dalam susu?
(Tick one box)

Tanda pada satu kotak.
Chemical change
Perubahan kimia
Physical change
Perubahan fizikal
Explain you answer.

..............................................................................................
Jelaskan jawapan anda
..............................................................................................
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26
7 James put a pot of water on the stove and heated it. He took the temperature of the
water as soon as it started to boil. The thermometer showed 100 oC. James turned the
heat up and the water continued to boil for 5 minutes. He then took the temperature of
the boiling water again. Would the thermometer show a temperature greater than, less
than, or equal to 100oC?
James meletakkan seteko air di atas dapur gas dan dipanaskan. Beliau mengambil
suhu air setelah ia mula mendidih. Termometer menunjukkan bacaan suhu 100oC.
James panaskan lagi air selama 5 minit. Kemudian beliau mengambil semula suhu air
tersebut. Adakah thermometer menunjukkan suhu melebihi, kurang atau sama dengan
100 oC?
Answer:
Jawapan ..............................................................................................
Explain you answer.

..............................................................................................
Jelaskan jawapan anda
…………………………………………………………………..
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8 Pauline took two small identical containers and filled them with same amount of water.
She dissolved a tablespoon of salt in one of them and placed both containers in a
freezer. Pauline then observed them every five minutes until one of them had frozen.
What can Pauline find out from her experiment?
Pauline mengambil dua bekas yang sama besar dan mengisinya dengan jumlah air
yang sama.Beliau melarutkan sesudu besar garam di dalam satu daripada bekas
tersebut dan bekas itu ditempatkan di dalam peti sejuk. Pauline kemudiannya
membuat pemerhatian setiap lima minit sehingga satu daripadanya membeku. Apakah
pemerhatian Pauline daripada eksperimen berikut?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
9 Describe one way groundwater can become polluted.
Perihalkan satu kaedah air bawah tanah boleh tercemar.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
10 Sugar is made up of many molecules. When sugar is dissolved in water, what happens
to these molecules?
Gula terbina daripada pelbagai molekul. Apabila gula melarut di dalam air, apakah yang
berlaku kepada molekul ini?
A They no longer exist

Ia tidak lagi wujud
B They exist in solution
Ia wujud dalam larutan
C They evaporate
Ia tersejat
D They combine with water to form new elements
Ia bergabung dengan air untuk membentuk unsur baharu.
27
11 There are many ways that science and technology are used to help the environment.
For examples, some newer plastics used to make garbage bags have been developed
that break down more easily when buried in landfill. Describe how science and
technology can be used to help each of the following environmental problems.
Terdapat pelbagai kaedah yang telah digunakan oleh sains dan teknologi untuk
menyelamatkan alam sekitar. Sebagai contoh, sesetengah plastik yang baharu
dijadikan sebagai beg sampah boleh diuraikan dengan mudah apabila ditanam.
Perihalkan bagaimana sains dan teknologi boleh digunakan untuk membantu masalah
alam sekitar berikut.
A Oil spills in the oceans:

Tumpahan minyak di lautan:
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
B Global warming due to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere:

Pemanasan global disebabkan oleh peningkatan paras karbon dioksida dalam
atmosfera:
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
28
SOALAN PISA
1. AIR DARI UDARA
Gambar di atas menunjukkan padang pasir yang paling kering di dunia di mana beberapa
stesen kaji cuaca pernah mencatatkan bacaan tanpa sebarang hujan . Gurun Atacama di utara
Chile dijadikan tapak penyelidikan untuk memerangkap air yang dikumpulkan daripada kabus.
Jurugambar Neil Hall merakam beberapa gambar penduduk tempatan di Kampung Chanaral
yang menggunakan jaring besar yang direka khas untuk mengumpul air dari titisan kabus di
udara. Perangkap kabus adalah jaring besar yang digantung di antara dua tiang dan
diperbuat daripada polipropilena yang boleh memerangkap titisan kabus.
Titisan kabus akan dikumpul dan disalurkan ke dalam tangki simpanan . Air tersebut digunakan
sebagai minuman dan juga untuk kegunaan pertanian.
1. Apakah proses yang berlaku apabila titisan kabus bertukar menjadi air?
A Pemejalwapan
B Kondensasi
C Penyejatan
D Peleburan
2. Polipropilena merupakan sejenis termoplastik. Mengapakah jaring polipropilena paling

sesuai digunakan untuk memerangkap titisan kabus?
Tandakan [√ ] pada petak yang betul.
Ia merupakan bahan kalis air
Ia tahan lasak
Ia ringan
29
3. Berdasarkan gambarajah di atas, jelaskan bagaimana titisan kabus boleh bertukar

menjadi air.
4.
Satu jaring berukuran 11 x 9

meter dapat mengumpul 450 liter
sehari
Kampung Chanaral mempunyai populasi penduduk seramai 150 keluarga. Dianggarkan

setiap keluarga menggunakan 20 liter air sehari. Berapakah bilangan jaring yang minima
diperlukan untuk menghasilkan air bagi menampung keperluan penduduk tersebut?
jaring
5. Terangkan bagaimana saintis menentukan polipropilena ialah bahan yang paling sesuai
digunakan untuk memerangkap air daripada kabus?
30
2. PENAPIS SARI
1. Perihalkan bagaimana penapis sari ialah Direka kegunaannya di Bangladesh, penapis

teknologi mudah dan kos efektif untuk sari adalah satu cara yang mudah dan kos
mengurangkan kontaminasi air efektif menggunakan kaedah teknologi mudah
minuman. untuk mengurangkan pencemaran air
minuman. Air yang dikumpul dengan cara
begini banyak mengurangkan bilangan
patogen – walaupun tidak semestinya
selamat, tetapi ia merupakan
penambahbaikan kepada golongan miskin
yang tidak mempunyai apa-apa pilihan.
Kaedah yang digunakan adalah seperti

berikut: kain sari yang lama dilipat menjadi
empat atau lapan lapisan. Kain yang dilipat
diikat pada bekas yang mulutnya besar yang
digunakan untuk mengumpul air. Kain itu
kemudian dibilas dan dikeringkan bawah
matahari untuk beberapa jam. Pada musim
tengkujuh, dinasihat untuk menggunakan ubat
pembasmi kuman yang murah untuk
dekontiminasi kain tersebut.
Jenis kain yang baik ialah jenis kain sari

kapas. Kain sari yang lama adalah lebih baik
daripada kain yang baharu disebabkan
basuhan yang banyak kali akan mengecilkan
ruang di antara serat dalam kain. Kain sari
lama apabila dilipat menghasilkan jaringan
halus (lebih kurang 20 μm). Ini boleh
menghalang semua zooplankton dan
kebanyakan bakteria yang menyebabkan taun
(99% mengikut kajian makmal). Walau
31
2. Kain sari yang lama adalah lebih efektif bagaimana pun menggunakan jaring nilon
daripada kain yang baharu. Jelaskan. dengan saiz jaringan yang lebih besar juga
didapati hampir sama efektifnya.
Telah dibuktikan bahawa kaedah ini dapat

mengurangkan jangkitan penyakit taun dalam
kampung yang miskin di mana tiada bekalan
ubat pembasmi kuman dan bahan api untuk
mendidihkan air.
3. Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat

daripada kajian ini?
4. Adakah yang berikut merupakan sebab untuk kaedah di atas? Bulatkan Ya atau Tidak pada
setiap pernyataan.
Sebab menggunakan kaedah menapis Bulatkan Ya atau Tidak

menggunakan kain:
membeli kain yang lebih murah. Ya / Tidak
mengurangkan patogen. Ya / Tidak
mengurangkan jangkitan selsema. Ya / Tidak
32
Tema E:
DAYA DAN GERAKAN
Bab 7:
DINAMIK
33
BAB 7: DINAMIK
1 The drawing shows an apple falling to the ground. In which of the three positions does
gravity act on the apple?
Rajah menunjukkan sebiji epal jatuh ke tanah. Pada kedudukan yang manakah
tindakan graviti berlaku ke atas epal?
A 2 only
2 sahaja
B 1 and 2 only
1 dan 2 sahaja
C 1 and 3 only
1 dan 3 sahaja
D 1. 2 and 3
1, 2 dan 3
The diagram above shows a person holding a ball standing at three different places on
Earth. If the person drops the ball, gravity will make it fall. Which of the following
diagrams best shows the direction the dropped ball will fall at the three different
position?
Rajah di atas menunjukkan individu memegang sebiji bola dan berdiri di tiga tempat
berbeza di bumi. Jika individu tersebut melepaskan bola, graviti akan menyebabkan
bola itu jatuh. Rajah yang manakah menunjukkan arah bola akan jatuh pada 3
kedudukan yang berbeza tersebut?
34
3 The diagrams show nine different trials Usman carried out using carts with wheels of
two different sizes and different numbers of blocks of equal mass. He used the same
ramp for all trials, starting the charts from different heights.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sembilan cubaan yang dilakukan oleh Usman
menggunakan kereta mainan dengan dua saiz yang berbeza dan beberapa blok kayu
yang mempunyai jisim yang sama. Dia menggunakan landasan yang sama bagi semua
cubaan, kereta dilepaskan pada ketinggian yang berbeza.
35
He wants to test this idea. The higher the ramp is placed, the faster the cart will travel at
the bottom of the ramp. Which three trials should he compare?
Dia ingin menguji idea ini. Semakin tinggi landasan, semakin laju pergerakan kereta ke
bawah. Tiga cubaan manakah yang perlu dibuat perbandingan?
A G, H and I
B I, W and Z
C I, V and X
D U, W and X
E H, V and Y
4 The table below shows the results of an experiment to investigate how the length of a
spring changes as different masses are hug from it.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk mengkaji bagaimana
panjang spring berubah apabila jisim yang berbeza digantung padanya.
Describe how length of the spring change as different masses was hug from it.
Jelaskan bagaimana panjang spring berubah apabila jisim digantung padanya.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
36
5 Work is done when an object is moved in the direction of an applied force. A person
performed different tasks as shown in the diagrams below. In which diagram is the
person doing work?
Kerja dilakukan apabila objek digerakkan dalam arah daya yang dikenakan. Individu
melakukan tugas berbeza seperti rajah di bawah. Rajah yang manakah menunjukkan
kerja sedang dilakukan?
37
Tema H:
PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI
DAN
INDUSTRI DALAM MASYARAKAT
Bab 10:
MESIN RINGKAS
38
BAB 10: MESIN RINGKAS
1 When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting
as a system. What simple machine does this system represent?
Apabila anda membengkokkan lengan, tulang dan otot pada lengan bertindak sebagai
satu sistem. Apakah sistem mesin ringkas ini?
A Inclined plane
Satah condong
B Pulley
Takal
C Wedge
Baji
D Lever
Tuas
2 A uniform rod is pivoted at its center. It is acted on by two forces in the same plane.
Each force has the same size, equal to 10 N (newtons). In which case is there a turning
effect?
Satu rod seragam dipangsi pada bahagian tengah. Ia ditindakkan oleh dua daya yang
sama. Nilai daya ialah 10N. Pada keadaan yang manakah kesan putaran berlaku?
39
3 A girl wanted to play on a seesaw with her little brother. Which picture shows the best
way for the girl, who weighed 50 kg (kilograms), to balance her brother, who weighed
25 kg?
Seorang budak perempuan bermain jongkang-jongkit bersama-sama adiknya. Gambar
yang manakah menunjukkan cara yang terbaik untuk budak perempuan itu (50 kg)
mengimbangi adiknya (25 kg)?
4 A uniform wheel is free to rotate on its axle at its center. It is acted on by two forces in
the same plane. Each force has the same size, equal to 5N (Newtons). In which case
will the wheel rotate?
Sebuah roda yang berputar secara seragam di atas paksi pada titik tengah. Terdapat
dua daya bertindak ke atasnya pada satah yang sama. Setiap daya mempunyai nilai
yang sama iaitu 5N (Newton). Kedudukan manakah yang akan menyebabkan roda itu
boleh berputar?
40
5 Which picture shows the best way for the man to balance a ten-liter bucket of water and
a five-liter bucket of water?
Gambar manakah menunjukkan kedudukan yang paling seimbang untuk membawa 10
liter air dan 5 liter air dalam baldi?
6 Peter and Joan are learning about the Great Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu) that found is
Egypt.
Peter dan Joan sedang mempelajari tentang Piramid Agung Cheops (Khufu) yang
terdapat di Mesir
They wondered how the ancient Egyptians managed to lift the stone blocks to build the
pyramid. They did some research on the Internet and found the diagram shown below.
Mereka ingin tahu bagaimana masyarakat purba Mesir mampu mengangkat
Blok batu untuk membina piramid. Mereka menjalankan kajian melalui internet dan
menjumpai rajah seperti di bawah.
41
Peter was not sure he understood the diagram so Joan drew a diagram to help him
understand how the stone was lifted. Her diagram is shown below.
Peter tidak memahami rajah itu, jadi Joan melukis kembali rajah tersebut seperti di
bawah untuk membantu Peter memahami.
Match the parts of the Egyptian levers to the diagram of the lever Joan drew. One has
been done for you.
Padankan bahagian tuas orang purba Mesir dengan rajah tuas yang dilukis oleh Joan.
Satu contoh padanan telah diberikan seperti jadual di bawah.
Joan’s Diagram Egyptian Levers

Rajah yang dilukis oleh Joan Tuas orang purba mesir
Effort Downward pull of the worker

Daya Tarikan ke bawah oleh pekerja
Load
Beban
Fulcrum
Fukrum
Lever arm
Lengan Tuas
A. Peter and Joan read that six men could together lift a stone weighing 30,000
Newton. Each man would then need to be able to lift one sixth of this weight (5,000
Newton). They decided to work out how much effort each man had to exert on his
wooden pole.
Peter dan Joan mendapati sekumpulan enam lelaki mampu mengangkat batu
seberat 30,000 Newton. Ini bermakna seorang lelaki mampu mengangkat 1/6 dari
berat ini (5,000 Newton). Mereka cuba mengira berapa banyak daya yang perlu
dikenakan keatas setiap tiang kayu masing-masing.
42
Peter added the length of each lever arm to Joan’s diagram as shown below
Peter meletakkan ukuran pada setiap lengan tuas dalam rajah Joan seperti di
bawah.
He looked up the following formula in a textbook:

Mereka merujuk kepada formula yang terdapat dalam buku teks.
Daya oleh beban = Jarak antara usaha dengan fulkrum

Usaha yang diperlukan Jarak antara beban dengan fulkrum
How much force does each man have to exert to lift the blocks?
_________________ Newton.
Berapakah daya yang perlu digunakan oleh setiap lelaki untuk mengangkat blok batu
itu?
_________________Newton.
43
SKEMA
JAWAPAN
44
BAB 1: DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA

No Answer/ Jawapan Note / Catatan
1. D. Nerves / Saraf
2. Code Response
1.
CORRECT RESPONSE/ JAWAPAN BETUL
Mentions that glasses/contact lenses bend (refract)
or focus light rays onto the retina (or back of the
eye). [May use a diagram to show this].
Menyatakan bahawa cermin mata / kanta sentuh
membengkok (membias) atau fokus sinaran cahaya
ke atas retina (atau di belakang mata). [Boleh
menggunakan rajah untuk menerangkan].
Examples /Contoh:
The glasses focus the light onto the retina.
2.
Mentions the curvature (shape) of lenses
(concave/convex) and/or bending of light by lenses.
[Based primarily on the properties of lenses with no
explicit mention of the focusing of light on the retina
or back of eye.]
Menyatakan kelengkungan kanta dan / atau
pembengkokan cahaya oleh kanta.
Examples /Contoh:
You can focus better because glasses bend the light
into your eye.
Anda boleh fokus lebih baik kerana gelas
membengkokkan cahaya ke dalam mata anda.
3.
Mentions that glasses/contact lenses help the eyes
focus and/or allow (near-sighted/far-sighted) people
to see images at a distance or close up.
Menyatakan bahawa cermin mata / kanta sentuh
membantu mata memfokus dan / atau
membenarkan sesorang melihat imej pada suatu
jarak atau secara dekat.
Examples /Contoh:
Some people can see close up but need glasses in
order to see things far away.Far-sighted people can
only read with glasses that correct their close-up
vision.
Eyeglasses can help your eyes to focus more clearly
on things.
Sesetengah orang boleh melihat secara dekat tetapi
memerlukan cermin mata untuk melihat jauh. Orang
rabun jauh hanya boleh membaca dengan
penggunaan cermin mata yang dapat membetulkan
penglihatan jarak dekat mereka. Cermin mata boleh
membantu mata anda memfokus dengan lebih jelas
sesuatu objek.
45
4. Mentions that glasses/contact lenses magnify or

enlarge (images).
Menerangkan yang cermin mata / kanta sentuh
membesarkan atau memperluas imej.
Examples /Contoh:
They magnify. The magnification in the glasses
make things more clear and bigger.
The lenses make things look bigger.
Contoh: Ia membesarkan objek. Pembesaran
dengan menggunakan cermin mata menjadikan
objek lebih jelas dan lebih besar.
Kanta menjadikan objek nampak lebih besar.
5. Other correct answer

Jawapan lain yang betul
1. Incorrect Response / Jawapan salah
Gives only a vague reference to glasses/contact

lenses helping people see more clearly or
containingprescriptions (chemicals, special
type/shape/thickness of glass, etc.) without further
explanation of vision orhow lenses work.
Memberi penerangan yang tidak jelas berkaitan
cermin mata / kanta sentuh yang membantu orang
melihat dengan jelas atau mengandungi preskripsi
(bahan kimia, jenis khas / bentuk / ketebalan cermin
mata , dan lain-lain.) tanpa penjelasan lanjut
mengenai penglihatan atau bagaimana kanta
berfungsi. Contoh: Ia membantu kita melihat dengan
lebih jelas. Jika anda rabun jauh, anda perlu cermin
mata untuk membantu anda melihat. Mendapatkan
bantuan penglihatan disebabkan preskripsi disuntik
ke dalam kanta. Kanta digunakan untuk
membetulkan masalah mata. Kanta di dalam cermin
mata telah dibuat tebal supaya anda boleh melihat
dengan lebih baik.
Examples /Contoh:
They make you see more clearly.
If you are near sighted, you need glasses to help
you see.
Contacts help vision because of the prescription
injected into them.
Lenses are prescribed to fix eye problems.
The lenses in glasses are made thick so you can
see well.
46
3.
Correct Response / Jawapan betul
FGH; pencil point to the right.

FGH; mata pensil di sebelah kanan
FGH; point not shown.
FGH: mata pensil tidak dinyatakan
FG or GH, (point to the right either shown or not
shown) OR any other in the row E, F,G,H as long as
the point is not clearly turned to the left.
FG atau GH, (mata pensil menghala ke sebelah
kanan ditunjukkan atau tidak) ATAU sebarang
kedudukan pada baris E, F, G, H selagi mata pensil
tidak menghala ke sebelah kiri
Incorrect response / Jawapan Salah
FGH, FG or GH, pencil point clearly turned to the left

OR other in therow E, F, G, H.
FGH, FG atau GH, mata pensil di sebelah kiri ATAU
sebarang kedudukan baris E, F, G, H.
Lists all or some part of the row: ABCD.
Semua atau sebahagian baris ABCD disenaraikan
Lists all or some part of JKL; pencil point to the right
may or may not be shown.
Semua atau sebahagian baris JKL; mata pensil
menghala ke sebelah kanan ditunjukkan atau tidak
Lists all of some of the row MNOP, point to the right
may or may not be shown.
Semua atau sebahagian baris MNOP; mata pensil
menghala ke sebelah kanan ditunjukkan atau tidak
ditunjukkan
Crossed out/erased, illegible, or impossible to
interpret.
Jawapan yang dipalangkan/dipadam, tidak
boleh dibacaboleh dibaca atau tidak boleh ditafsir
BLANK /KOSONG
47
4. B. Point B / Kedudukan B
5. A.
6. B.
7. D. There is no air in space for the sound to travel

through.
Tiada udara di angkasa lepas untuk bunyi bergerak
melaluinya
8. Correct Response / Jawapan betul
Mentions that two eyes allow depth perception or

better perception ofdistance.
Menyatakan dua mata membolehkan penglihatan
yang lebih jelas atau jarak penglihatan yang lebih
baik.
Mentions that two eyes allow seeing more or a wider
field of vision. Menyatakan dua mata membolehkan
penglihatan yang lebih atau medan penglihatan
yang lebih luas.
Examples /Contoh:
Seeing at a wider angle.
Melihat pada sudut yang lebih luas.
Mentions that with two eyes one is still working if
one eye is damaged.
Menyatakan bahawa dengan dua mata jika satu
mata rosak maka satu mata lagi masih boleh
berfungsi.
Other correct answer /Jawapan lain yang betul.
Incorrect response / Jawapan Salah
Mention seeing twice as much.

Menyatakan melihat dua kali adalah lebih baik.
Example: We see twice as much with two eyes.

Contoh: Kita melihat dua kali lebih baik dengan dua
mata.
48
You only see half as much with one eye.

Anda hanya melihat separuh dengan satu mata.
Refers to energy or effort.
Merujuk kepada tenaga atau daya.
Examples /Contoh:
There are more energy in two eyes.
Tenaga lebih banyak sekiranya dengan dua mata.
A single eye will more easily get tired.
Penggunaan satu mata akan menjadi lebih cepat
penat..
interpret.
Jawapan yang dipalangkan/dipadam, tidak dapat
dibaca atau tidak boleh ditafsir
BLANK/ KOSONG
9. Correct Response / Jawapan diterima Note:

Credit is given for both
A.Mentions being able to locate the position, higher-level responses
direction and/or distance of thesource of sound. referencing locating the
A.Boleh menyatakan kedudukan arah dan/atau jarak source of sound as well
sumber bunyi. as less sophisticated
responses referencing
Examples / Contoh: hearing sounds from
By having two ears, you can actually tell where a both sides and retaining
sound came from. hearing if one ear does
Dengan mempunyai dua telinga, anda boleh not function. Priority is
menyatakan punca bunyi given for the correct
With two ears you could hear which direction a noise response.
is coming from.
Dengan mempunyai dua telinga, anda boleh Nota :
mendengar arah punca bunyi. Kredit akan diberikan
With two ears you can judge the distance the sound untuk kedua-dua
is away from you. jawapan beraras tinggi
Dengan mempunyai dua telinga anda boleh merujuk kepada
mengenalpasti jarak bunyi tersebut dari anda. kedudukan sumber bunyi
With two ears you can tell if the sound is near or far. manakala jawapan yang
Dengan mempunyai dua telinga anda boleh kurang canggih hanya
mengenalpasti jarak bunyi tersebut jauh atau dekat. merujuk kepada
pendengaran
menggunakan dua
B. Mentions hearing sounds from both sides telinga.
(direction) with no mention of locating the source.
B. Menyatakan arah bunyi tanpa menyatakan
kedudukan sumber bunyi
Examples /Contoh:
You can hear on both sides of you.

Anda boleh mendengar dari arah kedua-dua sisi
badan.
49
You can hear sounds from all around, not just one
side.
Anda boleh mendengar dari semua arah, dan bukan
hanya dari satu sisi.
With two ears you can hear from more than one
way.
Anda boleh mendengar dari semua arah, dan bukan
hanya dari satu sisi.
Dengan dua telinga, anda boleh mendengar bukan
hanya dari satu arah.
C. Mentions that if hearing is lost in one ear, the

other may still function.
C. Menyatakan jika satu pendengaran hilang,
pendengaran yang satu lagi masih berfungsi
Examples /Contoh:
In the result of being deaf in one ear, you have
another one that is used.
Jika satu telinga tidak berfungsi (pekak), masih
terdapat satu telinga lagi untuk mendengar
If you lost the hearing in one ear, the other one
might still work.
Jika kehilangan pendengaran pada satu telinga,
maka telinga yang satu lagi boleh
berfungsi
Incorrect Response / Jawapan yang salah
A. Gives only a general or vague response relating

to how well one can hear.
A. Hanya memberikan jawapan umum atau tidak
jelas berkaitan dengan keupayaan pendengaran
seseorang.
Examples / Contoh:
You hear better.
Pendengaran anda lebih baik.
You can hear half as much with one ear.
Pendengaran terhad menggunakan satu telinga.
Two ears lets you hear a lot more.
The volume is greater.
Dua telinga membolehkan anda mendengar lebih
banyak.
B. Mentions only that hearing is uneven/unbalanced

with one ear.
B. Menyatakan pendengaran tidak seimbang
dengan satu telinga.
50
Examples / Contoh :
If you had one ear, the sound would be uneven

Jika anda ada satu telinga, bunyi tidak seimbang.
Your hearing would be out of balance.
Pendengaran anda tidak seimbang
You hearing gets balanced better with two ears.
Pendengaran anda lebih seimbang dengan
menggunakan dua telinga
10. Correct Response / Jawapan yang betul
1. Refers to light traveling faster than sound (or

similar).
Merujuk kepada cahaya bergerak lebih laju daripada
bunyi ( atau seumpamanya )
Examples /Contoh:
Speed of light is faster than speed of sound.
Cahaya bergerak lebih laju berbanding bunyi.
Light travels quicker than sound.
Cahaya bergerak lebih cepat dari bunyi
It takes more time for sound to reach her than light.
Masa yang diambil oleh bunyi untuk bergerak
adalah lebih lama berbanding cahaya.

Refers only to lightning being closer or thunder
being further away.(explicitly or implicitly).
Hanya merujuk kepada kilat lebih dekat atau guruh
lebih jauh (secara tersirat atau tersurat )
Examples /Contoh:
Thunder has a longer way to go.
Guruh mempunyai jarak yang lebih jauh untuk dilalui
Thunder is striking from kilometers away.
Guruh berdentum dari jarak yang jauh
Refers to lightning occurring first, causing thunder,

or similar. [No explicit mention of the relative
speedof light/sound to travel.]
Merujuk kepada kilat terjadi dahulu dan
menyebabkan berlakunya guruh (atau
seumpamanya). [Tidak menyatakan secara jelas
kaitan laju cahaya/laju bunyi untuk bergerak]
Examples /Contoh:
Lightning is so quick, thunder only happens

afterward.
Kilat sangat laju, guruh hanya terjadi selepas itu
The noise occurs later.
Bunyi bising terdengar selepas itu.
Thunder occurs from lightning.
Guruh terjadi daripada kilat
51
Thunder is the echo of lightning.

Guruh adalah gema yang terhasil daripada kilat.
interpret.
Jawapan yang dipalangkan/dipadam, tidak dapat
dibaca atau tidak boleh ditafsir
BLANK/ KOSONG
D. Sunlight
Sinaran matahari

Explanation refers to BOTH light and nutrients. Predicts that plants in

Penjelasan merujuk kepada kedua-dua cahaya dan diagram 2 may grow
nutrien. taller than plants in
diagram 1.
Examples/ Contoh: Meramalkan bahawa
The height of the pea plants will be higher in the tumbuhan dalam rajah 2
second container. The bright light will give the plants boleh menjadi lebih
energy and the nutrients in the soil will help the peas tinggi daripada
grow. tumbuhan dalam rajah 1.
Ketinggian tumbuhan kacang lebih tinggi dalam
bekas kedua. Cahaya yang terang akan
memberikan tumbuhan tenaga dan nutrien di dalam
tanah akan membantu kacang bercambah.
I predict that the peas in diagram 2 will grow higher.
It has more nutrients and more light.
Saya meramalkan bahawa kacang dalam rajah 2
akan bercambah lebih tinggi. Ia mempunyai lebih
banyak nutrien dan cahaya.
Partially Correct Response / Jawapan separa

betul
Explanation refers to light OR nutrients OR mentions Predicts that plants in
that diagram 2 has more basic necessities. diagram 2 may grow
Penjelasan hanya merujuk kepada cahaya ATAU taller than plants in
nutrien ATAU menyebut bahawa rajah 2 mempunyai diagram 1.
lebih keperluan asas. Meramalkan bahawa
tumbuhan dalam rajah 2
Examples / contoh: boleh menjadi lebih
Diagram 2 will grow taller. This is because it has tinggi daripada
more light and plants make food using light. The pea tumbuhan dalam rajah 1.
plants with the bright light shining on them will grow
faster than the pea seeds with the dim light.
52
Rajah 2 akan menjadi lebih tinggi. Ini adalah kerana

ia mempunyai lebih banyak cahaya dan tumbuhan
membuat makanan menggunakan cahaya. Benih
kacang akan berkembang lebih cepat dengan
cahaya yang terang bersinar ke atas mereka
berbanding benih kacang dengan cahaya malap.
The peas will grow taller in diagram 2 because there

are more nutrients to help with growth.
Pokok Kacang akan menjadi lebih tinggi dalam rajah
2 kerana terdapat lebih banyak nutrien untuk
membantu dengan pertumbuhan.
Diagram 2 has more basic necessities than diagram

1.
Rajah 2 mempunyai lebih keperluan asas
berbanding daripada gambar rajah 1.
Predicts that plants in diagram 1 may grow taller

than plants in diagram 2.
Meramalkan bahawa tumbuhan di rajah 1 boleh
menjadi lebih tinggi daripada tumbuhan dalam rajah
2.
Explanation refers to a low intensity of light causing

spindly (leggy) growth.
Penjelasan merujuk kepada intensiti cahaya yang
rendah menyebabkantumbuhan tumbuh seperti
biasa tetapi kurus.
Examples / contoh :
The pea plants under dim light grow a long stem

because of the dim light.
Tumbuhan kacang di bawah cahaya malap
mencambahkan batang yang panjang kerana
cahaya malap.
Other incorrect (including crossed out, erased, stray

marks, illegible, or off task)
Lain-lain jawapan salah (termasuk garisan
melintang, dipadam, tanda seru, tidak boleh dibaca,
atau di jawapan lain)
BLANK/ KOSONG
53
BAB 2: NUTRISI

1. C. Raw materials for cell growth and repair
Bahan untuk pertumbuhan dan memperbaiki sel
2. D. Chicken / Ayam
3. D. Substances that people need in small amounts in
order for their bodies to function normally
Bahan yang diperlukan dalam jumlah yang kecil
untuk membolehkan badan berfungsi dengan normal
4. B. Bread, vegetables and fish
Roti, sayur-sayuran dan ikan
5. C. Bladder / pundi kencing
6. C. Small intestine / Usus kecil
7. C. Digestion / Penghadaman
8.
Names saliva and explains that is makes the food
moist or soft[ mechanical process].
Menamakan bahan tersebut sebagai air liur dan
menerangkan ia menjadikan makanan tersebut
lembab dan lembut (proses mekanikal)
Examples / contoh :
Saliva. It helps us swallow.
Air liur. Ia membantu kita untuk menelan
2. Names saliva and explains that it breaks down the

starch or food. [Chemical process].
Menamakan bahan tersebut sebagai air liur dan
menerangkan ia memecahkan kanji atau
makanan.(proses kimia).
Names enzymes and explains that they break down
the starch or food.[Chemical process].
Menamakan bahan tersebut sebagai enzim dan
menerangkan ia memecahkan kanji atau
makanan.(proses kimia)
Other correct / Jawapan lain yang diterima:

Names a substance and provides a reasonable
explanation.
Menamakan bahan dan memberikanpenjelasan yang
munasabah.
Partially Correct Response / Jawapan separa

betul
Names saliva but with no description or with an
incorrect description ofwhat it does.
Menamakan bahan tersebut sebagai air liur tetapi
tiada penerangan atau penerangannyasalah.
54
Examples / contoh :
Saliva. Contains acid which helps digesting the food.
Air liur. Mengandungi asid yang membantu
mencernakan makanan.
Names enzymes but with no description or with an
incorrectdescription of what they do, such as It digest
starch.
Menamakan bahan tersebut sebagai enzim tetapi
tiada penerangan atau penerangannya salah, seperti
ia mencernakan kanji.
Other partially correct.

Jawapan lain yang tidak lengkap tetapi boleh
diterima.

Acid. With or without description.
Asid. Dengan atau tanpa penerangan.
Teeth, tongue, etc. With or without description.
Gigi, lidah dan lain-lain. Dengan atau tanpa
penerangan.
Other incorrect (including crossed out, erased, stray

Lain-lain jawapan salah (termasuk garisan melintang,
dipadam, tanda seru, tidak boleh dibaca, atau di
jawapan lain)
BLANK/ KOSONG
9. C. Cheese /Keju
10.
Mentions agriculturally-related factors (soil depletion,
overgrazing, erosion,poor farming techniques).
Menyatakan factor-faktor berkaitan pertanian
(kekurangan tanah, makan berlebihan, hakisan,
teknik pertanian yang kurang berkesan)
Examples / contoh :
When the soil cannot grow any food.The farmers may
have tried to raise too many animals on the land.
Apabila tanah tidak dapat menghasilkan makanan
Petani menternak terlampau banyak haiwan di
kawasan
2. Mentions natural disasters or weather-related factors

(floods, earthquakes, rain distribution, drought,
temperature, sun, etc.).
Menyatakan bencana alam atau faktor-faktor
berkaitan cuaca (banjir, gempa bumi, taburan hujan,
kemarau, suhu, matahari, dll)
55
Examples / contoh :
Not enough rain. / Tidak cukup hujan
Too much heat (sun). / Panas yang melampau
3. Mentions crop disease, insect infestation or other

pests.
Menyatakan penyakit tanaman, serangan serangga
atau perosak.
Examples / contoh :
Famine occurs because of disease of the crop.
Kebuluran berlaku disebabkan penyakit tanaman
Plagues / Wabak penyakit
4. Mentions overpopulation or consumption

Menyatakan kepadatan penduduk atau penggunaan
berlebihan
Examples / contoh :
There are too many people and too little food.
Terlampau banyak manusia dan sedikit makanan.
5. There may be too many people living in that

area.Mentions specific social/economic/political
factors..
Terlampau ramai orang menghuni sesuatu kawasan
Menyatakan factor social/ ekonomi/politik
Examples / contoh :
War / Peperangan
6. Lack of money to keep crops growing. Mentions

pollution or other contamination.
Kekurangan wang untuk membolehkan tanaman
tumbuh. Menyatakan pencemaran atau lain-lain
pencemaran.
Examples / contoh :
Unsanitized food could not be eaten.
Makanan yang tidak bersih tidak sesuai dimakan.
The soil was polluted.
Tanah yang tercemar
Incorrect Response / Jawapan salah
Mentions ONLY a lack or need of food (or other

responses related to a general definition of famine).
Menyatakan HANYA kekurangan atau keperluan
makanan (atau mana-mana jawapan berkaitan
dengan definisi kebuluran)
Examples / contoh :
Famine occurs when you are hungry.
Kebuluran berlaku apabila lapar
56
Response too vague.

Jawapan kurang jelas.
Examples / contoh :
The government. / Kerajaan.

Other incorrect (including crossed out/erased, stray
marks, illegible, or offtask).
Jawapan lain yang salah ( Tidak sepadan, di padam,
tersilap langkah, sukar dibaca, terkeluar tajuk)
BAB 3: BIODIVERSITI
1. B. Glands that make milk.

Kelenjar yang menghasilkan susu.
2. D. An amphibian / Amfibia
3. B. Whales / Ikan paus
4. D. Since mammals, but not lizards, are warm-blooded,
they will maintain their body temperature using heat
from metabolic processes
Disebabkan mamalia adalah berdarah panas tidak
seperti cicak, mereka akan mengekalkan suhu badan
menggunakan haba dari proses metabolic badan
5.
The same in both climates with a specific explanation i) Explanations that
as indicated in the note above. specifically mention of
Kedua-dua iklim yang sama tanpa penerangan yang the following should
khusus seperti nota di atas receive 1 point:
i)Penerangan yang
khusus seperti di bawah
layak menerima 1
markah:
Examples / contoh :
Humans are warm blooded so they don’t rely on the a) Humans being warm
climate to change body temperature. blooded OR
Manusia berdarah panas , suhu badan tidak berubah a)manusia berdarah
Manusia berdarah panas , suhu badan tidak berubah panas ATAU
The body temperature is the same in all humans.It’s b) Temperature

98.6OF remaining constant at 37
Suhu badan adalah sama pada semua degrees C or 98.4
manusia.Suhu 98.6 OF degrees F ORb)suhu
kekal pada 37 darjah C
atau 98.4 darjah F ATAU
The same in both climates because all body c) The body only being
temperatures are around the same degrees. able to function within a
Sama pada kedua-dua iklim kerana suhu badan small range of
berada pada darjah yang hampir sama temperature
57
People in hot climates sweat to maintain their body OR

temperature. c)Badan hanya boleh
Orang yang berada di iklim panas mengekalkan suhu berfungsi dalam julat
badan dengan berpeluh. suhu yang kecil
ATAU
People in hot climates sweat to keep their
temperature constant and people d) References to
Incold climates need to wear much heavier clothing. sweating, shivering, etc.,
Orang yang berada di iklim panas berpeluh untuk as mechanism for
mengekalkan suhu yang tetap dan orang yang maintaining constant
berada di iklim sejuk body temperature.
(Responses that only
state sweating,
shivering,etc. without
further explanation will
be no point
d) Merujuk kepada
proses berpeluh,
menggeletar,dan lain-lain
sebagai mekanisme
untuk mengekalkan suhu
badan. (Tiada markah
untuk respon yang hanya
menyatakan berpeluh,
menggeletar tanpa
penerangan.)
ii) If the numerical value

is incorrect, but the
concept is correct, score
as 1pointi
i)Skor 1 , jika nilai angka
tidak tepat tetapi konsep
betul yang khusus
seperti nota di atas
Incorrect Response / Jawapan salah

The same in both climates with a vague, incorrect or
no explanation.
Sama pada kedua-dua iklim tanpa penerangan yang
jelas , kurang tepat atau tiada penerangan.
Examples / contoh :
I think it would be the same because your body
doesn’t change just because of the temperature.
Body temperature is not affected by the surrounding

environment.
Suhu badan tidak dipengaruhi oleh keadaan
persekitaran.
Sweating / Berpeluh.
58
The people in hot climates will try to keep themselves

cool while the people living
in cold climates will try to keep themselves warm.
Orang yang berada di iklim panas akan cuba
menyejukkan badan mereka dan orang yang berada
di iklim sejuk akan cuba memanaskan badan mereka.
BAB 5: AIR DAN LARUTAN
NO ANSWER/JAWAPAN NOTES/CATATAN
1. Correct response
Response includes the three following steps:
i. Evaporation of water source
ii. Transportation of water as vapour
iii. Precipitation in other places
Partial response
Does not mention evaporation
Does not mention transportation
Does not mention precipitation
Other partially correct
Incorrect response
Indicates precipatation only
Other incorrect
Non response
Blank
2. Correct response
Describe a correct procedure that includes the
following basic steps (may use diagrams)
i. Boiling/evaporation to separate water from
salt
ii. Collecting the distilled water (condensation)
Examples:
Heat the salt water, catch the steam on a tray, drip it
into a cup and the salt will be left in the bucket and
drinking water in the cup.
Boil the sea water taking the steam up to a tube and
letting steam turn back into water.
Partial response
Describe boiling/evaporation step to separate water
from salt; condensation is omitted
Examples:
Maybe if you boiled the salt water the salt would
separate from the water.
Take the salt water and boil it and the stean will
creat a great drinking water.
OR
States the ‘distillation’ or simillar but no description of
the process is given.
59
Incorrect response
Mention boiling but with no or incorrect indication of
separation included.
Examples:
You can boil it.
OR
Mention filtering to separate salt
Examples:
Make it go through a filter
Non responsive
Blank
3. B
4. Correct response
Explanation refers explicitly to the formation of water Responses may use
(and salt) from the neutralization reaction. words or a chemical
equation. The equation
Examples: does not need to be
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide will mix completely correct for
together to form water and salt, which is neutral. credit as long as
The hydrogen ions combine with the hydroxide ions neutralization is clear.
to form water, so the litmus paper does not change
colour.
Partial response
Explanation refers explicitly to neutralization (or
equivalent), but the specific reaction is not
mentioned.
Examples:
When you mix acid and alkali, the mixture becomes
neutral and has a pH of 7.
The HCl neutralizes the NaOH, and the NaOH
neutralizes the HCl.
The mixed solution is neutral, so litmus paper does
not react.
Acid + base = neutral solution
There is a neutralization reaction.
Incorrect response
Explanation refers to a chemical reaction taking
place (implicitly or explicitly) to form products that do
not react with litmus paper (or similar).
[Neutralization is not explicitly mentioned.]
Examples:
The acid and base react, and the new chemicals do
not react with litmus paper.
The chemicals that change the litmus paper must
have a chemical reaction to each other.
Therefore they will not change the color of the paper
anymore.
They form a new solution that has different
60
5. D
6. Correct response Rsponses that check
Chemical change and explains that the milk had physical change and
become acidic. describe chemical
change should be
Examples: considered as incorrect
The acidity changed. This shows that chemicals are response.
reacting which results in the change.
The milk has turned acid, thus the litmus paper
turned red.
The milk changed from a base to an acid.
The bacteria in milk turned sugar into acid.
OR
Chemical change and explains that new

substances are forming (chemical reaction taking
place) OR mentions decomposition/fermentation.
Examples:
The milk has started to decompose which is a
chemical change.
The milk became sour and cannot be drunk. A
chemical change has occurred because a new
substance is formed.
OR
Chemical change and explains that bacteria have

grown (and “spoilt” the milk).
Examples:
The milk turned sour from bacteria.
Because there were bacteria in it.
OR
Chemical change with an explanation referring to

differences between physical and chemical changes.
Examples:
Chemical changes are irreversible, while physical
changes are reversible.
The milk cannot be transformed back into its original
state, thus it is chemical.
Other correct.
Examples:
The milk would have started to go bad.

The milk has spoilt so it is a chemical change.
61
Incorrect response
Chemical change with an incorrect or no
explanation.
Examples:
The milk was older so it caused the chemicals in the
milk to change.
OR
Physical change with or without an explanation.

Examples:
After two days, bacteria have entered the milk,
making the milk spoil. Thus there is a change in
color and taste of the milk.
A physical change took place as the change cannot
be reversible.

marks, illegible or off task).
7. Correct response
100oC (equal). A correct response must
indicate 100oC (equal,
Examples: same) and include a
Equal. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees. correct explanation
100oC. Because that is the highest boiling point. based on water boiling
Equal. Water boils at 100oC no matter what. (phase change)
Equal. It only takes 100oC to boil water. The excess occurring at a constant
energy evaporates the water. temperature.
Equal. Because it still at its boiling point 100oC.
Incorrect responses
100oC (equal). With no explanation or an incorrect
explanation.
Examples:
Equal. Not enough time to heat up.
100oC. Because that is how high the thermometer
goes.
OR
Greater than 100oC. With no explanation or an

incorrect explanation.
Examples:
Greater. Because if he heated it again it would still
be hot from last time.
Greater. Because it was on there longer.
Greater. Because the heat went up.
Greater. Because he turned the temperature up on
the elements.
Greater. It goes up every second.
62
Greater. The boiling point is 100oC, but it can still

hotter before it evaporates.
Greater. Boiling water can reach temperatures of
100oC.
OR
Less than 100oC. With no explanation or an incorrect

explanation.
Examples:
Less. Because if it is not boiling, it is below the
boiling point of 100oC.
8. Correct response To receive credit,

Response includes a statement of the problem: responses must be
determining the effect of (dissolved) salt on freezing related to the relative
(point, rate, temperature) of water. rates of freezing for fresh
and salt water.
Examples:
Find out if salt affects freezing water. Responses may include
She can find out which container freezes first. either a statement of the
She can find out if water freezes easier with problem being
dissolved salt or without dissolved salt. investigated in the
experiment (determining
OR the effect of salt on
the freezing point (rate)
Response includes a conclusion of the relative rates of water), or a conclusion
of freezing (or freezing points, temperatures) based based on prior scientific
on prior scientific knowledge. knowledge (e.g. the fresh
water will freeze first).
Examples:
Regular water will freeze before salt water will. Explanations based on
The salt water will not be frozen. knowledge of practical
applications of salt
Other correct. lowering the freezing
point of water should be
Incorrect responses considered as “other
States that the salt water would freeze first. correct”.
Examples:
Salt water will freeze because it has a solid in it.
The plain water will not be frozen yet.
OR
State that the salt water would not freeze first.
Examples:
Salt water will freeze first because it has a solid in it.
The plain water will not be frozen yet.
OR
63
State that salt water will never freeze (or similar).

[Extrapolation beyond the conditions of experiment].
Examples:
The container with salt in it will never freeze.
Salt water cannot freeze because of the salt crystals.

9. Correct response
Describes one way that groundwater can become Accepted ways that
polluted. groundwater can
become polluted include
Examples: reference
Pesticides used by the farmers can leak into ground to:
with rainwater. Pesticides Landfills
Disposing of factory waste in water. (rubbish, garbage),
We bury our litter and waste underground by landfill. Fertilizers, Acid rain,
Acid rain can make water acidic. Factory waste, Sewage,
Things get absorbed by the soil and seep into the Chemicals (salt), Oil,
water. Leaking pipes,
Because at dump sites toxic can be dumped on the
land and the toxic liquid absorbed into the ground.
Incorrect responses
Incorrect (including crossed out, erased, stray
marks, illegible, or off task).
Examples:
The dirt can become mixed with the water.
When stuff is put down sewers and pollutes it.
Because of the drains.
It can get dirty.
Gases in the air turn to vapor.
10. B
11. A. Correct response
Mentions a device/process that can be used to A correct response must
locate, contain, disperse, break down, or collect the clearly describe a device
oil spills, etc. or process and be
connected to the
Examples: application of science or
Mechanical barriers can be put up to contain the oil. technology. Responses
Organisms have been created that can break down that merely state what
oil. needs to be done (e.g.
Vacuum the oil up. locate the oil) are not
Treat with special detergents. adequate as a correct
response and should be
OR considered incorrect
response. Common
Mentions a device/process for improving the sense, practical
technology of oil tankers (construction, navigation, responses or those
communications, etc. based on individual
64
Examples: activities will not be given

Make oil tankers with double hulls. credit without a clear link
Tankers should have separate tanks for oil and to the application of
ballast water. science and technology.
Develop new, stronger materials for ships that Although the stem does
cannot be broken by rocks or icebergs. not specify whether the
technology must be
Other correct. currently available,
answers should be
reasonable and realistic
Incorrect response based on current
technology.
Give only a common sense response that is too
vague or does not specify the application of science
and technology.
Examples:
Be more careful. Don’t run into rock.
Put the oil on airplanes instead of ships.
Fix the ships.
Reduce the amount of oil that the tankers carry.
Technology can be used to retrieve the oil as it floats
in water.
Remove the oil.

Non response
Blank.
B. Correct response A correct response must

clearly describe a device
Describes an alternative energy source or mode of or process and be
transportation (to reduce carbon dioxide emissions connected to the
from the burning of fossil fuels). application of science or
technology. Responses
Examples: that merely state what
Electric cars. needs to be done (e.g.
Solar panels that provide heat. remove carbon dioxide)
Nuclear power plants that make electricity. are not adequate as a
correct response and
OR should be considered
incorrect response.
Describes an improvement in automotive Although the stem does
technology, factories, fuels, etc. (to reduce carbon not specify whether the
dioxide emissions). technology must be
currently available,
Examples: answers should be
Make more fuel efficient engines. reasonable and realistic
based on current
technology.
65
SOALAN PISA 1
1. B Kondensasi
2. √ Ia merupakan bahan kalis air

]
2 markah:
Penjelasan mesti menunjukkan pemahaman bahawa

suhu padang pasir yang sangat rendah menukarkan
wap air dalam udara bertukar menjadi kabus DAN
Titisan kabus terperangkap di jaring bertukar
menjadi air.
Explanation must include an understanding that the
desert’s temperature becomes very low and
condenses the water vapour into fog AND The fog
droplets were trapped in the net condensed to water.
1 markah:
3.
Hanya menjelaskan suhu padang pasir yang sangta
rendah menukarkan wap air kepada kabus TETAPI
TIDAK menerangkan wap air terperangkap di jaring
bertukar menjadi air.
Only explain the desert’s temperature becomes very
low and condenses the water vapour into fog OR
The fog droplets were trapped in the net condensed
to water.
0 markah:
Respon yang lain
Other responses
4. 7 Jaring
5. 2 markah:
Menjelaskan pembolehubah tetap ialah saiz jaring

yang sama, lokasi dan jangkamasa mengumpul air
yang sama, DAN
Pembolehubah yang dimanipulasi ialah jenis bahan
jaring dan pembolehubah yang bergerak balas ialah
jumlah air yang terkumpul.
Explain the fixed variables are the size of the net,

location and the same period of time for collecting
water. AND
Manipulated variable is the type of net and
responding variables is the amount of water
collected.
1 markah:
Menjelaskan hanya SATU sahaja daripada jawapan

di atas.
Explain only ONE of the answer above.
66
0 markah:
Respon yang lain
Other responses
SOALAN PISA 2
1. 2 markah:
Menjelaskan kain sari yang disusun berlapis DAN
mampu menghalang kebanyakan pathogen yang
menyebabkan penyakit.
Folded saree cloth AND prevent most pathogen that
caused diseases.
1 markah:
Menjelaskan kain sari yang disusun berlapis ATAU
mampu menghalang kebanyakan pathogen yang
menyebabkan penyakit.
Folded saree cloth OR prevent most pathogen that
caused diseases
0 markah:
Respon yang lain
2. 1 markah:
Menjelaskan basuhan yang banyak kali akan
mengecilkan ruang di antara serat dalam kain
Repeated washing reduces the space between the
fibres.
0 markah:
Respon yang lain
3. 1 markah:
Menyatakan meminum air bertapis adalah baik untuk
kesihatan ATAU menggunakan penapis kapas
adalah lebih berkesan.
Drinking filtered water is good for health OR using
cotton filter is more effective.
0 markah:
Respon yang lain
4. Tidak
Ya
Tidak
2 markah:
Ketiga-tiga BETUL
1 markah:
Hanya 2 sahaja BETUL
0 markah:
HAnya 1 BETUL atau tiada yang BETUL
67
BAB 7: DINAMIK
NO ANSWER SCHEME NOTES

1. D
2. D
3. E
4. Correct response
Response includes both regions (i) and (ii).
Examples:
At low mass, it grew 2 for every 10 grams.
Then it changed by 1 at 40g. Then at 50g, it did not
grow any more.
It increases by 2’s until 30, increases by 1’s until 50,
and increases by 0 at 60.
The length increased steadily up to 40g, and then it
increased just a little bit more until it was 13cm at 50
and 60 grams.
At first it got longer every time you added a mass,
but then after a while, it did not get any longer.
Incorrect response
Includes only region (i).

Response references only an increase in length as
more mass is added but discussion of leveling off is
inadequate or missing.
Examples:
The length increased as more mass was added.
The spring length got 2cm longer with each mass.
It increased by 2cm each time until 40 grams.
OR
Refers only to leveling off of spring length or

decreasing increments at higher masses.
[Description of change in region (i) is inadequate or

missing.]
Examples:
It stretches but only up to 13 cm.
After 50 grams it did not change.
It stretches less at higher masses.

5. C
68
BAB 10: MESIN RINGKAS
NO ANSWER SCHEME NOTES

1. D
2. E
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. A. Correct response
Joan’s Diagram Egyptian Lever
Effort Downward pull of the worker
Load Stone block

Fulcrum Tree trunk
Lever arm Wooden pole
Incorrect response
Matches two parts of the lever correctly.

Matches one part of the lever correctly.

B. Correct response
1,000 Newton
Incorrect response

marks, illegible or off task)
---SKEMA JAWAPAN TAMAT---
69
PANEL PENYUMBANG
PENASIHAT:
Pn. Sallina binti Hussain Ketua Sektor, Sektor Pengurusan Akademik, JPN Johor
En. Sujak bin Maskan Ketua Penolong Pengarah Sains, SPA
En. Junit bin Yasir Sektor Pengurusan Akademik
Pn. Aerma Nurazalina binti Musa Sektor Pengurusan Akademik
Hjh. Zunairah binti Ahmad Sektor Pengurusan Akademik
PANEL:
Mohd Hizamri bin Kamarudin SMK Senggarang, Batu Pahat, Johor

Mohd Ahir bin Samsuri SM Sains Kota Tinggi, Kota Tinggi, Johor
Yusup bin Abd. Latip SMK (P) Temenggong Ibrahim, Batu Pahat, Johor
Zainab binti Ari SMK Tunku Mahmood Iskandar, Batu Pahat, Johor
Nor Huda binti Mohamad Ali SMK Banang Jaya, Batu Pahat, Johor
Juaidah binti Radin SMK Datin Onn Jaafar, Batu Pahat, Johor
Roslindawati binti Baharom SMK Suria Perdana, Batu Pahat, Johor
70

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KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI

Koleksi Soalan-Soalan Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

KE ARAH MEMBUDAYAKAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI

Sektor Pengurusan Akademik

BAB TAJUK MUKA SURAT

1 DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA 2

SALING BERSANDARAN ANTARA ORGANISMA HIDUP DENGAN

5 AIR DAN LARUTAN 24

BAB 1: DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA

5 A beam of light strikes a mirror as shown.

Which picture best shows the direction of the reflected light?

A. The sound is reflected more in space.

9. What is the advantage of having two ears to hear with rather

Sand, soil and water

Sand and water

Soil and water / Tanah dan air

What can be predicted about the height of the pea plans?

1. What is the BEST reason for including protein in a healthy diet?

A. Energy for the body.

2. Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?

3. What are vitamins

A. Substances that break down food.

A. Meat, milk, and a piece of chocolate.

5. Which of the following organs is NOT situated in the abdomen?

8. What digestive substance is found in the mouth? What does it do?

MANUSIA DAN KEPELBAGAIAN

1. 1. Which characteristic is found ONLY in mammals?

A. Eyes that detect colour.

3. Cats are most closely related to which of the following animals?

Higher in hot climates

Explain your answer.

MANUSIA DAN KEPELBAGAIAN

BAB 4: SALING BERSANDARAN ANTARA ORGANISMA HIDUP DENGAN PERSEKITARAN

Pasir, mineral dan air

A Dark Cupboard D Sunlight

Sand, Minerals and water Sand and water

B Dark cupboard E Sunlight

Sand and mineral

3 In the picture of an aquarium, six items are labeled.

(a) the plant

(b) the light

4 The following diagram shows a cross-section through an ocean. A number of

Look at the list of organisms (plants and animals) below.

Zooplankton Microscopic plants that feed on phytoplankton

A (a) is oxygen and (b) is carbon dioxide.

B (a) is oxygen and (b) is carbohydrate.

C (a) is nitrogen and (b) is carbon dioxide.

D (a) is carbon dioxide and (b) is oxygen.

E (a) is carbon dioxide and (b) is carbohydrate.

BAB 5: AIR DAN LARUTAN

3 David makes a solution by dissolving 10 grams of salt in 100 ml of water. He wants a

(Tick one box)

Explain you answer.

Explain you answer.

A They no longer exist

A Oil spills in the oceans:

B Global warming due to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere:

1. AIR DARI UDARA

2. Polipropilena merupakan sejenis termoplastik. Mengapakah jaring polipropilena paling

Ia merupakan bahan kalis air

3. Berdasarkan gambarajah di atas, jelaskan bagaimana titisan kabus boleh bertukar

Satu jaring berukuran 11 x 9