Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport

__________________________________________________________________________________

UJIAN PENILAIAN KENDIRI

1 The following are the type of human white blood cell.
Di bawah berikut adalah jenis sel darah putih yang terdapat pada manusia.

P: Lymphocyte
Limfosit
Q: Monocyte
Monosit
R: Basophils
Basofil
S: Neutrophils
Neutrofil

Which are above type of cell are involved in the body defence against diseases?
Antara berikut yang manakah jenis sel di atas terlibat dengan pertahanan badan
melawan penyakit?

A P and Q
P dan Q
B Q and R
Q dan R
C P, Q and R.
P, Q dan R.
D P, Q and S.
P, Q dan S.

2 Diagram shows the cross section of dicotyledonous root.

Rajah menunjukkan keratan rentas akar tumbuhan dikotiledon.

A
B

C
D

Which of the labeled parts A, B, C and D transport water and mineral?

Bahagian berlabel yang manakah A, B, Cdan D berfungsi mengangkut air dan mineral?

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

3 Diagram shows a vascular tissue in tree trunk.

Rajah menunjukkan tisu vaskular dalam batang tumbuhan.

What is Y?
Apakah Y?

A Tracheid B Sieve tube

Trakeid Tiub tapis
C Companion cell D Parenchyma cell
Sel rakan Sel parenkima

4 Which organisms has open blood circulatory system?

Organisma yang manakah mempunyai sistem peredaran terbuka?
A Fish
Ikan
B Frog
Katak
C Grasshopper
Belalang
D Elephant
Gajah

5 Diagram below shows a graph of a type of immunity.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan graf bagi sejenis keimunan.

Cencentration of antibodies
in the blood (arbitrary unit)
Kepekatan antibodi dalam
darah (unit arbitrari)

Level of immunity
Aras keimunan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time (weeks)
Masa (minggu)
First Second
injection injection
Suntikan Suntikan
pertama kedua
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

Which statement is true about the graph?

Pernyataan yang manakah benar tentang graf tersebut?

A Second injection contains higher level of antibody.

Suntikan kedua mengandungi aras antibody yang lebih tinggi.
B Second injection is required to boost the production of antibody.
Suntikan kedua diperlukan untuk merangsang penghasilan antibodi.
C Both injections contain pathogen which control production of antibody.
Kedua-dua suntikan mengandungi pathogen yang mengawal penghasilan antibody.
D Both injections contain serum that can increase antibody level.
Kedua-dua suntikan mengandungi serum yang meningkatkan aras antibody.

6 Diagram 23 shows an open circulatory system of an arthropod.

Rajah 23 menunjukkan sistem peredaran terbuka seekor artropoda.

Tubular heart
Tiub jantung

What is the colourless fluid found in X?

Apakah cecair tidak berwarna yang terdapat dalam X?

A Lymph fluid B Plasma

Bendalir limfa Plasma
C Haemolymph D Interstitial fluid
Hemolimfa Bendalir tisu

7 Diagram below shows the concentration of antibodies in a patient’s blood after

being immunised.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah pesakit selepas
diberi immunisasi.

Cencentration of antibodies
in the blood (arbitrary unit)
Kepekatan antibodi dalam
darah (unit arbitrari)

Level of immunity
Aras keimunan

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Time (weeks)
Masa (minggu)
First Second
injection injection
Suntikan Suntikan
pertama kedua

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

Which of the following is true about the immunity shown?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang keimunan yang ditunjukkan?

I It gives temporary protection.

Ia memberi perlindungan sementara.
II Antiserum is injected into the patient’s body.
Antiserum disuntik dalam badan pesakit.
III It gives immediate immunity against the disease.
Ia memberi keimunan sementara menentang penyakit.
IV White blood cells are stimulated to produce antibody.
Sel darah putih dirangsang untuk menghasilkan antibodi.

A II and III only B I, II and III only

II dan III sahaja I, II dan III sahaja
C II, III and IV only D I, II, III and IV
II, III dan IV sahaja I, II, III dan IV

8 Table below shows the characteristics of blood in blood vessel X of human.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan ciri-ciri darah dalam salur darah X pada manusia.

Pressure Oxygen concentration Carbon dioxide concentration

Tekanan Kepekatan oksigen Kepekatan karbon dioksida
High Low High
Tinggi Rendah Tinggi

What is blood vessel X?

Apakah salur darah X?

A Aorta B Vena cava

Aorta Vena kava
C Pulmonary vein D Pulmonary artery
Vena pulmonari Arteri pulmonari

9 Diagram below shows a type of blood circulatory system.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sejenis sistem peredaran darah.

Which of the organism has the blood circulatory system in the

diagram above?
Apakah organisma yang mempunyai sistem peredaran darah
seperti rajah di atas?
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

A Cockroach B Lizard
Lipas Cicak
C Penguin D Gold Fish
Penquin Ikan emas

10 Diagram below shows part of the mechanism of blood clotting.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada mekanisma pembekuan darah.

X
Prothrombin Thrombin

Y Z
Soluble Insoluble
Larut Tak larut
What are X, Y and Z?
Apakah X, Y dan Z?

X Y Z
A Thromboplastin Fibrin Fibrinogen
Tromboplastin Fibrin Fibrinogen
B Fibrinogen Thromboplastin Fibrin
Fibrinogen Tromboplastin Fibrin
C Fibrin Fibrinogen Thromboplastin
Fibrin Fibrinogen Tromboplastin
D Thromboplastin Fibrinogen Fibrin
Tromboplastin Fibrinogen Fibrin

KERTAS 2

1 Diagram below shows the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organisma
Q.

Heart
Jantung

Organism P Organism Q
Organisma P Organisma Q

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

(a) (i) State the type of blood circulatory system shown by organism P and
organism Q.
Nyatakan jenis sistem peredaran darah yang ditunjukkan oleh organisma
P dan organisma Q.
Organism P:
Organisma P:
Organism Q:
Organisma Q:
[ 2 marks/ markah]

(ii) Name one example of organism P and organism Q.

Namakan satu contoh organisma P dan organisma Q.
Organism P:
Organisma P:
Organism Q:
Organisma Q:
[ 2 marks/ markah]

(b) Explain the importance of having the blood circulatory system in organism P.
Terangkan kepentingan mempunyai sistem peredaran darah kepada organism P.

[ 3 marks/ markah]

(c) Explain one difference in the structure of the heart between organism P and
organism Q.
Terangkan satu perbezaan antara struktur jantung organisma P dan organisma
Q.

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(d) The blood circulatory system is also involved in the production of antibodies in
the body defence mechanism.
Diagram below shows the concentration of antibodies in the blood after
vaccination.
Sistem peredaran darah terlibat dalam penghasilan antibodi untuk mekanisme
pertahanan badan.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah
selepas vaksinasi.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

Concentration of antibodies
In the blood (arbitrary unit)
Lever of

Kepekatan antibodi
Immunity
Aras keimunan

Dalam darah
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time
(Weeks)
First Second Masa
Injection Injection (Minggu)
Suntikan Suntikan
Pertama Kedua

Explain why a person needs a second injection to maintain the level of

immunity.
Terangkan mengapa seseorang itu memerlukan suntikan kedua untuk
mengekalkan aras keimunan. [ 3 marks/ markah]

2. Diagram below shows the flow of blood and lymph in human body.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pengaliran darah dan bendalir limfa dalam badan
manusia.

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

(a) Name R and S

Namakan R dan S

R : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

S : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(b) Explain the formation of lymph in R.
Terangkan pembentukan bendalir limfa pada R.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks/ markah]

(c) (i) State the disease when vessels R in the leg are blocked by filarial worms
Nyatakan penyakit apabila salur-salur R pada kaki tersumbat oleh cacing filarial.

……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in c (i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di c (i)

………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(d) Explain one differences between the composition of interstitial fluid and the lymph.
Terangkan satu perbezaan di antara komposisi bendalir tisu dan bendalir limfa.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks/ markah]

(e) Explain the importance of lymphatic system in human.

Terangkan kepentingan system limfa kepada manusia.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks/ markah]

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) Diagram below shows a body defence mechanism.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu mekanisma pertahanan badan.

Wound Skin
Luka Kulit

Bacteria
Bakteria Body tissue
Tisu badan
Phagocyte
Fagorit

Blood vessel
Salur darah

Explain the body’s response towards the entry of bacteria into the body.
Terangkan gerak balas badan terhadap kemasukan bakteria ke dalam badan.
[ 4 marks/ markah]

(b) Microorganisms are very useful in medicinal field. They are widely used in
biotechnology in producing substances to fight against diseases.
Explain this statement by using two examples of the application.
Mikroorganisma adalah sangat berguna dalam bidang perubatan.
Mikroorganisma digunakan dengan meluas dalam bioteknologi bagi
menghasilkan bahan untuk melawan penyakit.
Terangkan pernyataan ini dengan menggunakan dua contoh aplikasi.
[ 6 marks/ markah]

(c) The graphs in diagram below show the concentration of antibodies in the blood
of two individuals, X and Y, after given two injections of different substances.
Graf-graf dalam rajah di bawah menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah
bagi dua orang individu, X dan Y, selepas menerima dua suntikan bahan-bahan
yang berbeza.

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

Cencentration of antibody Cencentration of antibody

Kepekatan antibodi Kepekatan antibodi

Immunity level Immunity level

Aras keimunan Aras keimunan

0 10 20 30 40 Time (days) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (days)

Masa (hari) Masa (hari)
First Second First Second
injection injection injection injection
Suntikan Suntikan Suntikan Suntikan
pertama kedua pertama kedua

(i) Explain with examples why both individuals are immuned to specific
antigens.
Terangkan dengan contoh mengapa kedua-dua individu adalah imun
terhadap antigen-antigen tertentu.
[ 5 marks/ markah]

(ii Describe the differences between the immunity obtained by the

individuals.
Huraikan perbezaan bagi keimunan yang diperoleh oleh individu-individu
itu.
[ 5 marks/ markah]

4 (a) Diagram 1 show the part of a stem of a tree where the ring of bark has been
removed. The tree is watered every day.
Rajah menunjukkan bahagian batang satu pokok yang gelang kulitnya telah
dibuang .Pokok tersebut disiram dengan air setiap hari.

Diagram 1(a)

Explain what happen to the tree after one month.

Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada pokok tersebut selepas satu bulan
[ 4 marks/ markah ]

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Diagram 1(b) show water movement through a tree.

Rajah menunjukkan pergerakan air melalui pokok.

Diagram 1(b)
High temperature causes overheating in plants. Based on diagram, explain
how transpiration helps to prevent the occurrence of overheating in plant
Suhu persekitaran yang tinggi menyebabkan kepanasan melampau pada
tumbuhan. Berdasrkan rajah, terangkan bagaimana transpirasi
membantu menghalang kejadian kepanasan melampau pada tumbuhan.
[ 8 marks ]

(c) Diagram 1(c), show the blood circulatory system of two organism X and
organism Y
Rajah 1(c), menunjukkan system peredaran darah bagi dua organisma S
dan organisma T

Diagram 1(c)
Explain the similarities and differences in the blood circulatory system of
X and Y.
Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan sisem peredaran darah bagi X dan Y.
[ 8 marks]
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

Skema Jawapan
Kertas 1
1 D
2 A
3 C
4 C
5 B
6 C
7 B
8 D
9 D
10D

Kertas 2

1 (a) (i) Organism P: Double closed circulatory system 1+1 2

Organism Q: Single closed circulatory system
(ii) Organism P: Human/ any suitable mammal/ bird 1+1 2
Organism Q: Fish
(b) F: (double circulatory system) is more efficient.
P1: the heart pumps the blood twice/ the blood flow into the heart
twice in a complete circulation.
P2: higher pressure of blood can be maintained.
P3: the blood travels more faster to organs. 1+1+1 3
P4: the organs get sufficient amount of glucose/ oxygen/ nutrient
// the waste product/ carbon dioxide/ urea can be eliminated
out of the organ faster.
Any 3
(c) F: heart of organism P has four chambers but organism Q has
two chambers.
P1: organism P has right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and
left ventricle but organism Q has ventricle and an atrium. //
organism P has two atriums and two ventricles but organism 1+1 2
Q has one ventricle and one atrium.
P2: In organism P, the heart receives both oxygenated blood and
deoxygenated blood while in organism Q, the heart only
receives deoxygenated blood.
Any 2
(d) F: booster dose
P1: stimulate lymphocyte to produce more antibodies
P2: to achieve immunity level 1+1+1 3
P3: that protects the person against the disease.
Any 3
TOTAL 12

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

Soalan 2
(a) R : lymph capillary S : lymph node (2 marks)
(b) - The high hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of capillaries
- Force blood constituents except large molecules diffuse out into intercellular spaces
between cells / to form tissues fluid
- At venous end of capillaries where hydrostatic pressure is low
- 90% of tissues fluid returned to circulatory system
Or
- Lymph originate from tissues fluid
- At venous end of capillaries where hydrostatic pressure low // high in the tissues
fluid
- 90% of tissues fluid is returned to circulatory system (3 marks)
(c) (i) elephantiasis / oedema / tissues swelling (1 mark)
(ii) - excess tissues fluid is not returned to the bloodstream
- The body tissues become swollen
- Because of too much fluid accumulates in the space between the cells (3 marks)
(d) – lymph contains more lymphocytes than tissues fluid because
- Lymph nodes produces lymphocytes (2 marks)
(e) – maintain the fluid balance in the body
- By returning excess tissues fluid to the bloodstream (2 marks)

3 (a) - Pathogens / bacteria succeed in penetrating the skin / first line 1

of defence.
- Chemicals / proteins / antigens (produced by the pathogens) 1
- Attract the phagocytes / neutrophils / macrophages / monocytes 1
(to the infected area)
- By using pseudopodia 1
- Surround / engulf / kill / destroy the pathogens / bacteria 1
- By lysozymes / lysosomes. 1
- A non-specific immune response. 1 4
Any 4
(b) Example 1
- The production of insulin. 1
- Insert human gene (which controls the synthesis of insulin) into 1
bacteria
- Bacteria are cultured / multiplied 1
- Insulin produced (by bacteria is collected). 1 3
Any 3
Example 2
- The production of antiserum.
- (Specific) antigens / pathogens are injected into an animal. 1
- The animal produces (specific) antibody 1
- Antiserum is extracted / taken (from the animal’s blood). 1
- To stimulate passive immunity (in humans). 1
Any 3 1 3
Example 3
- The production of vaccine.
- (A suspension) containing weakened / dead antigens /pathogen.
- Injected into human (body / blood) 1
- To stimulate the production of antibody (actively) // to achieve 1
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

-active immunity. 1
Example 4 1 3
- The production of antibiotics.
- Chemicals produced by microorganisms / Penicilium notatum /
Streptomyces to kill other microorganisms / bacteria.
- Example: penicillin / streptomycin. 1
- Penicillin is used to treat gonorrhea / syphilis / lung infection. 1
- Streptomycin is used to treat tuberculosis / TB.
Any 3 1
Any 2 examples 1
1 3
(c) (i) - Individual X is immune to (a disease such as) 1
tuberculosis / TB / chicken pox / poliomyelitis / polio.
- Individual Y is immune to (a disease / toxin such as) 1
tetanus / snake venom.
- Both involved in the increase in the level / concentration 1
of antibodies (in the blood / body),
- Above the immunity level. 1
- The antibodies attack / neutralise specific antigens / 1
pathogens in the body // The active sites on the antibodies
are specific to certain antigens.
- Produce specific (immune) response. 1 5
Any 5
(ii) X -Active immunity 1
Y - Passive immunity
X - Immunity achieved through the injection of a vaccine,
Y - Immunity achieved through the injection of an 1
antiserum / serum which contains a specific antibody.
X - Does not result in an immediate immunity (against a
disease),
Y - Results in an immediate immunity (against a disease).
X - Lymphocytes (in the body will be activated to) 1
produce antibody,
Y - Antibody is received from the injections.
X - The immunity usually last for a long time,
Y - The immunity lasts only for a short term / and offers 1
temporary protection.
X - Second injection ( booster) is necessary to increase the
antibody production (to a level that protects the person 1
against the disease),
Y - Second injection is given when (the person still
infected and) his antibodies has dropped below
immunity level, (therefore he needs antiserum
injection against the disease).
Any 5 differences 1 5
TOTAL 20

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

Mark Scheme Total

mark
4(a) Able to explain what happen to the tree after one month

- The part of the stem above the ring swell/bigger/larger

Bahagian atas pergelangan kulit pada batang membengkak/ 4
membesar
- Because the organic food substances/sucrose/glucose accumulate
at this part of the stem
Sebab bahan makanan organik / sukrosa / glukosa terkumpul pada
bahagian tersebut
- Food cannot be transported below the ring
Makanan tidak dapat diangkut ke bahagian bawah pergelangan
- Because phloem is removed
Sebab floem telah dibuang

4(b) Able to explain how the process of transpiration can prevent 8

overheating

- Heat from the sun / sunlight is absorbed by the leave

Haba daripada cahaya / cahaya matahari diserap oleh daun
- Heat from the sun causes water on the external surface thee
spongy mesophyll / leave to vaporate
Haba daripada matahari menyebabkanc air yang terdapat pada
permukaan luar sel mesofil berspan / daun tersejat.
- Thus the air space in the spongy mesophyll is saturated with
water vapour.
Maka ruang udara dalam lapisan mesofil berspan daun menjadi
tepu dengan wap air
- Outside the stomata / leave, the air in the atmosphere is drier /
less water vapour the in the leave.
Di luar stomata / daun, udara di atmosfera adalah lebih kering /
kurang tepu dengan wap air daripada dalam daun.
- During the day sunlight stimulates the opening of stomata
Pada waktu siang, cahaya matahari merangsang pembukaan
liang stoma
- Water vapour in the air space diffuse out through stoma
Wap air di dalam ruang udara meresap keluar melalui liang
stoma
- Water in the xylem is drawn / diffuse / absorbed into the
mesophyll cells
Air dalam xylem disedut /meresap ked lam sel mesofil
- To replace water loss through / during evaporation / transpiration
Untuk menggantikan air yang hilang melalui proses penyejatan /
transpirasi
- Thus the plant, loses heat
Maka, tumbuhan kehilangan haba
- Causes the cooling effect on the plant / reduce temperature
Menyebabkan kesan penyejukan / menurunkan suhu

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

4(c) Able to explain the similarities and differences of blood circulatory

system in X and Y

Similarities
8
i. Both have closed circulatory system
Kedua-duanya mempunyai system peredaran darah tertutup
ii. Blood flows in blood vessel
Darah mengalir dalam salur-salur darah
iii. Both have hearts
Kedua-duanya mempunyai jantung
iv. Which pump blood to body cells
Kedua-duanya mengepam darah ke sel-sel badan
v. Both have valves in vein
Kedua-duanya mempunyai injap di dalam vena
vi. Blood flow in one direction only
Darah mengalir dalam satu arah sahaja

4(c) Differences

X Y
- Double circulation - Single circulation
Peredaran darah ganda dua Peredaran darah tunggal

- Blood flows through heart twice
in a complete circulation
Darah mengalir melalui jantung
2 kali dalam satu edaran
lengkap
- Blood flow through heart once in
complete circulation
Darah mengalir melalui jantung hanya
sekali daam edaran lengkap

- Has a four chambered heart - Has a two chambered heart

Jantung mempunyai empat ruang Jantung mempunyai dua ruang

- Heart has 2 atria and 2 ventricals - Heart has 1 atrium and 1 ventrikal
Jantung mempunyai 2 atrium Jantung mempunyai 1 atrium dan 1
dan 2 ventrikal ventrikal

- Deoxygenated blood from the - Deoxygenated blood from the heart is

heart is pumped to the lungs pump to the gills
Darah teroksigen dari jantung Darah beroksigen dari jantung dipam
dipam ke peparu ke insang

- Oxygenated blood is pumped - Oxygenated blood flow from gills to

from theheart to body cells body cells
Darah beroksigen di pam Darah beroksigen mengalir dari
daripada jantung ke sel-sel insang ke sel-sel badan
badan

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 10 Transport
__________________________________________________________________________________

- Oxygenated blood has higher - Oxygenated blood has lower pressure

pressure Darah beroksigen mempunyai tekanan
Darah beroksigen mempunyai yang lebih rendah
tekanan tinggi
- Gases exchange occur at lungs / - Gasse axchange occur at gills / lamella
alveolus / filament
Pertukaran gas berlaku di peparu Pertukaran gas berlaku di insang /
/alveolus lamella / filament Total
20 M

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang