ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

NO. NAME MATRIX NO.

1. ADAM IRFAN BIN WAHAB 16DEP16F1030
2. MUHAMMAD HAMIZAN 16DEP16F1010
BIN MAULNA

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

POLITEKNIK TUANKU SULTANAH BAHIYAH

SESSION DECEMBER 2018

ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

NO. NAME MATRIX NO.

1. ADAM IRFAN BIN WAHAB 16DEP16F1030
2. MUHAMMAD HAMIZAN 16DEP16F1010
MAULANA

SUPERVISOR ; PUAN AKMA BINTI CHE ISHAK

Laporan ini disediakan sebagai memenuhi syarat penganugerahan

Diploma Kejuruteraan Elektronik di Jabatan Kejuruteraan

Elektrik , Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah.

i
 PENGESAHAN LAPORAN PROJEK
Laporan bertajuk ini “ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM‟ telah

dikemukakan, disemak serta disahkan sebagai memenuhi syarat dan

keperluan penulisan projek seperti yang telah ditetapkan.

Di semak oleh :-
Nama penyelia : PN AKMA BINTI CHE ISHAK
T / tangan penyelia :
Tarikh :

Di sahkan oleh:-
Nama Penyelaras :
T / tangan penyelaras :
Tarikh :

ii
Kami akui karya ini adalah hasil kerja kami sendiri kecuali

nukilan yang setiap satunya telah kami jelaskan sumbernya.

NAMA : ADAM IRFAN BIN WAHAB

MATRIX NO. : 16DEP16F1030

SIGNATURE :

NAMA : MUHAMMAD HAMIZAN BIN MAULANA

MATRIX NO. : 16DEP16F1010

SIGNATURE :

DATE :

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Dengan nama Allah SWT, Yang Maha Pemurah, Yang Maha Pengasih. Pujian

adalah kepada Allah, Tuhan Alam Semesta dan Damai dan Pujian menjadi Nabi

dan Rasul terakhirnya Muhammad s.a.w. Dalam menyediakan tesis ini, saya

bersentuhan dengan ramai orang, penyelidik, ahli akademik dan pengamal. Terima

kasih banyak kepada kawan saya terutamanya Muhammad Hamizan Bin Maulana

dan juga kawan-kawan sekelas. Mereka telah menyumbang kepada pemahaman

dan pemikiran saya. Khususnya, saya ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggi

penghargaan saya kepada penyelia saya, Puan Akma Binti Che Ishak untuk

dorongan, bimbingan, pengkritik, persahabatan, nasihat, maklumat dan motivasi.

Tanpa sokongan dan minat mereka yang berterusan, tesis ini tidak akan sama

seperti yang dibentangkan di sini. Penghargaan ikhlas saya juga diberikan kepada

pihak-pihak PTSB, semua rakan sekerja saya, rakan sekolah dan orang lain yang

telah memberikan bantuan pada pelbagai kesempatan. Tontonan dan tip mereka

memang berguna. Malangnya, tidak mungkin untuk menyenaraikan mereka semua

dalam ruang terhad ini. Akhirnya, terima kasih khas diberikan kepada keluarga

tercinta saya yang memberi saya sokongan moral dan berdoa untuk kejayaan saya.

Terima kasih.
 ABSTRAK

Pengenalan frekuensi radio (RFID) adalah teknologi yang menggunakan

gelombang radio untuk memindahkan data dari tag elektronik, yang dipanggil tag

RFID atau label, dilampirkan pada objek, melalui pembaca untuk tujuan mengenal

pasti dan menjejaki objek tersebut. Teknologi RFID adalah teknologi matang yang

telah banyak digunakan oleh pelbagai organisasi sebagai sebahagian daripada

sistem automasi mereka. Dalam projek ini, sistem berasaskan RFID telah dibina

untuk menghasilkan sistem pengurusan kehadiran. Perisian pengurusan kehadiran

automatik tidak hanya akan menjadikan keseluruhan proses mudah, tetapi juga

akan menyediakan laporan yang tersusun dan dianalisis mengenai pola kehadiran

pelajar dan pengurusan masa, yang dapat membantu lagi dalam mengalokasikan

dan menggunakan sumber manusia dalam organisasi manfaat maksimal mungkin.

Sistem ini terdiri daripada dua bahagian utama yang termasuk: perkakasan dan

perisian. Perkakasan terdiri daripada unit motor dan pembaca RFID. Pembaca

RFID, yang merupakan pembaca frekuensi rendah (125 kHz), disambungkan ke

komputer hos melalui kabel serasi ke USB. GUI Sistem Masa Hadapan

dibangunkan menggunakan Visual Basic.Net. Sistem Pengurusan Kehadiran

menyediakan fungsi sistem keseluruhan seperti memaparkan transaksi tag ID

langsung, mendaftar ID, memadam ID, merakam kehadiran dan fungsi kecil lain.

Antara muka ini dipasang di komputer hos.

 ABSTRACT

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio waves to

transfer data from an electronic tag, called RFID tag or label, attached to an object,

through a reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking the object. RFID

technology is a matured technology that has been widely deployed by various

organizations as a part of their automation systems. In this project, an RFID based

system has been built in order to produce an attendance management system. An

automated attendance management software will not only make the entire process

simple, but will also provide a well-structured and analyzed report of the pattern of

student attendance and time management, which can further help in allocating and

using the human resources in an organization to the maximum possible benefit.

This system consists of two main parts which include: the hardware and the

software. The hardware consists of a motor unit and RFID reader. The RFID

reader, which is a low-frequency reader (125 kHz), is connected to the host

computer via a serial to USB converter cable. The Time-Attendance System GUI is

developed using Visual Basic.Net. The Attendance Management System provides

the functionalities of the overall system such as displaying live ID tags

transactions, registering ID, deleting ID, recording attendance and other minor

functions. This interface was installed in the host computer.

 ISI KANDUNGAN

MUKA SURAT
ABSTRAK iii
ABSTRACT iv
PENGHARGAAN v
BAB
1 PENGENALAN 1
1.1 Pernyataan Masalah 2
1.2 Objektif Projek 3
1.3 Skop Projek 3
2 KAJIAN LITERATUR 4
2.1 Pengenalan 4
2.2 Ringkasan Untuk Keseluruhan Sistem 5
2.3 10
3 METODOLOGI 11
3.1 Pengenalan 11
3.2 Langkah –langkah Dalam Melakukan Projek 14
3.3 Komponen Menghasilkan Litar 17
3.4 20
3.5 29
4 DAPATAN DAN ANALISIS PROJEK 33
4.1 35
4.2 35
4.3 37
4.4 37
4.5 38
4.6 38
4.7 39
4.8 40
4.9 40
4.10 41
4.11 42
4.12 43
4.13 43
4.14 44
4.15 45
5 PERBINCANGAN 46
5.1 Pengenalan 46
5.2 Masalah Yang Dihadapi Dan Penyelesaian 47
6 KESIMPULAN DAN CADANGAN 50
6.1 Kesimpulan 50
6.2 Cadangan 51
7 RUJUKAN 52
 BAB 1

PENGENALAN

Setiap pelajar yang mengikuti pengajian di Politeknik Kementerian Pengajian

Tinggi Malaysia adalah diwajibkan untuk membuat sesuatu projek akhir yang

mengambil masa 2 semester untuk membolehkan pelajar tersebut dianugerahkan

sijil atau diploma.

Bagi pelajar diperingkat sijil, projek akhir dilakukan pada semester 3 dan semester

4, manakala bagi pelajar diperingkat diploma pula adalah pada semester 4 dan

semester 5. Ia terbahagi kepada 2 semester adalah untuk semester yang awal untuk

pelajar membentangkan projek tersebut kepada penyelia dan semester berikutnya

adalah untuk menyiapkan projek tersebut.

Dengan ini, projek akhir ini sangat penting kerana ia dapat mengetahui keupayaan

pelajar tersebut membuat sesuatu projek. Projek akhir yang dilakukan amat sesuai

untuk melatih para pelajar menjadi lebih mahir dalam bidang yang mereka ceburi

selaras dengan konsep politeknik untuk melahirkan pekerja profesional yang

berteraskan kemahiran.

Projek “Attendance Management System” yang akan kami jalankan adalah untuk

memenuhi syarat kelayakan Diploma Kejuruteraan Elektronik Komunikasi bagi

mengikut syarat-syarat yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan utama projek ini diadakan
adalah untuk melahirkan pelajar yang berkebolehan mengaplikasikan pembelajaran

yang diberikan di peringkat politeknik.

Ia juga amat penting untuk melatih para pelajar menjadi lebih mahir dalam bidang

yang mereka ceburi selaras dengan konsep politeknik untuk melahirkan pekerja

profesional yang berteraskan kemahiran dan berkebolehan dalam mempelbagaikan

konsep yang diberi dan berteknologi tinggi.

Attendance Management System ini merupakan satu projek yang menarik minat

kami untuk melakukanya. Walaupun pelbagai masalah yang kami tempuhi

sepanjang proses perlaksanaan namun ia adalah berbaloi dengan apa yang dapat

kami pelajari.
1.0 PENGENALAN

Sistem kehadiran konvensional yang sedia ada memerlukan pelajar menandatangani secara

manual lembaran kehadiran setiap kali mereka menghadiri kelas. Seperti yang lazimnya, sistem

itu tidak mempunyai automasi, di mana sejumlah masalah mungkin timbul. Ini termasuk masa

yang tidak diperlukan oleh pelajar untuk mencari dan menandatangani mereka nama pada

lembaran kehadiran; sesetengah pelajar boleh tersilap atau sengaja menandatangani nama pelajar

lain. Juga lembaran kehadiran mungkin salah letaknya . Mempunyai sistem yang secara

automatik dapat menarik kehadiran pelajar dengan menghidupkan kad pelajar mereka di

pembaca RFID benar-benar dapat menyelamatkan semua masalah yang disebutkan. Inilah motif

utama sistem kami dan in Selain itu, terdapat sistem dalam talian yang boleh diakses di mana-

mana dan pada bila-bila masa dapat membantu para pensyarah untuk terus menerus menjejaki

kehadiran pelajar mereka. Melihat gambaran yang lebih besar, menggerakkan sistem di seluruh

akademik fakulti akan memberi manfaat kepada pengurusan akademik kerana kehadiran pelajar

terhadap kelas adalah salah satu faktor utama dalam meningkatkan kualiti pengajaran dan

memantau prestasi pelajar mereka. Selain itu, sistem ini juga menyediakan kemudahan dalam

talian berharga untuk penyelenggaraan rekod mudah ditawarkan bukan sahaja kepada pensyarah

tetapi juga berkaitan kakitangan pengurusan akademik terutamanya untuk tujuan pemantauan

kemajuan pelajar.
1.1 PERNYATAAN MASALAH.

1) Kaedah mengambil kehadiran adalah sangat memakan masa dan sangat sukar untuk
mengesahkan dalam tempoh yang lebih lama.
2) Daftar yang digunakan untuk mengekalkan rekod memakan ruang.
3) Terdapat lebih banyak peluang untuk membuat kesilapan dan juga risiko penyelewengan
dalam menandakan kehadiran adalah tinggi.
4) Pelajar memasuki kelas secara senyap-senyap.
5) Pelajar masuk ke kelas lewat daripada waktu yang ditetapkan untuk hadir ke kuliah.

1.2 OBJEKTIF PROJEK.

Tujuan projek ini adalah untuk menggunakan sistem RFID di bahagian yang berbeza dan
pembangunan. Kita semua tahu bahawa RFID digunakan dalam setiap bidang
perindustrian dan pembuatan. Tumpuan utama kami adalah untuk menggunakan alat ini
ke arah pelajar dan staff-staff. Sistem ini dipanggil sistem kehadiran berasaskan RFID
yang memberi tumpuan kepada membolehkan pelajar-pelajar kekal di sekolah, selamat
dan selesa. Sistem kehadiran menjadi pilihan untuk pelajar dan golongan pensyarah yang
mengajar untuk menjimatkan masa pembelajaran kerana menunggu nama pelajar
dipanggil oleh pensyarah untuk mengambil kehadiran. Di samping itu, projek ini dapat
mendisiplinkan pelajar supaya hadir awal ke kelas dan tidak ponteng kuliah.

1.3 SKOP PROJEK.

Sesuatu projek yang dihasilkan mesti mempunyai skop tersendiri untuk menunjukkan
keupayaannya berbanding projek yang lain. Skop pertama bagi projek ini ialah
memahami tentang konsep operasi RFID seperti komponen-komponen RFID, fungsi
setiap komponen RFID. Dapat mempelajari cara untuk melakukan koding.
 BAB 2

KAJIAN LITERATUR.

2.0 INTRODUCTION.
Di dalam bab ini, kami telah membuat kajian berkenaan komponen-
komponen yang terlibat di dalam projek “ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM”. Ia adalah berkaitan tentang fungsi dan kendalian setiap
komponen tersebut. Kehadiran Pelajar Menggunakan Sistem RFID adalah
rekod automatik pelajar kehadirannya berkembang terutamanya untuk
universiti. Sistem ini terdiri daripada dua modul yang merupakan modul
RFID dan modul Visual Basic 6. Kedua-dua modul akan digabungkan
bersama agar sistem ini berfungsi sepenuhnya. Setiap modul membawa
fungsi sendiri dan ciri khas yang akan dibincangkan secara terperinci dalam
bab ini.
Gambar rajah 2.0 menunjukkan gambarajah blok keseluruhan sistem.
 Gambar rajah 2.0

2.1 RFID MODUL.

2.1.1 HISTORY OF RFID.

It’s generally said that the roots of radio frequency identification technology
can be traced back to World War II. The Germans, Japanese, Americans and British
were all using radar which had been discovered in 1935 by Scottish physicist Sir
Robert Alexander Watson-Watt to warn of approaching planes while they were still
miles away. The problem was there was no way to identify which planes belonged to
the enemy and which were a country’s own pilots returning from a mission.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) research and discovery began in
earnest in the 1970s. RFID is commonly used to transmit and receive information
without wires. RFID readers and tags communicate through a distance using radio
waves. There are a lot of advantages in RFID system, included their price, size,
memory capacity and their capability. The pure memory-based RFID chip without a
co-processor is cheap, and its footprint is small and usually use in car immobilizer
applications where the IC has to fit in a tiny glass tube buried in the key. RFID fast
processing speed is also essential.
Advances in radar and RF communications systems continued through the
1950s and 1960s. Scientists and academics in the United States, Europe and Japan
did research and presented papers explaining how RF energy could be used to
identify objects remotely. Companies began commercializing anti-theft systems that
used radio waves to determine whether an item had been paid for or not. Electronic
article surveillance tags, which are still used in packaging today, have a 1-bit tag.
The bit is either on or off. If someone pays for the item, the bit is turned off, and a
person can leave the store. But if the person doesn't pay and tries to walk out of the
store, readers at the door detect the tag and sound an alarm.
The First RFID Patents Mario W. Cardullo claims to have received the first
U.S. patent for an active RFID tag with rewritable memory on January 23, 1973.
That same year, Charles Walton, a California entrepreneur, received a patent for a
passive transponder used to unlock a door without a key. A card with an embedded
transponder communicated a signal to a reader near the door. When the reader
detected a valid identity number stored within the RFID tag, the reader unlocked the
door. Walton licensed the technology to Schlage Lock of San Francisco, a lock
maker, and other companies.
Later, companies developed a low-frequency (125 kHz) system, featuring
smaller transponders. A transponder encapsulated in glass could be injected under
the cows’ skin. This system is still used in cows around the world today. Lowfrequency
transponders were also put in cards and used to control the access to
buildings.
Over time, companies commercialized 125 kHz systems and then moved up
the radio spectrum to high frequency (13.56 MHz), which was unregulated and
unused in most parts of the world. High frequency offered greater range and faster
data transfer rates. Companies, particularly those in Europe, began using it to track
reusable containers and other assets. Today, 13.56 MHz RFID systems are used for
access control, payment systems (Mobile Speedpass) and contactless smart cards.
They’re also used as an anti-theft device in cars. A reader in the steering column
reads the passive RFID tag in the plastic housing around the key. If it doesn’t get the
ID number it is programmed to look for, the car won't start.
In the early 1990s, IBM engineers developed and patented an ultra-high
frequency (UHF) RFID system. UHF offered longer read range (up to 20 feet under
good conditions) and faster data transfer. IBM did some early pilots with Wal-Mart,
but never commercialized this technology. When it ran into financial trouble in the
mid-1990s, IBM sold its patents to Intermec, a bar code systems provider. Intermec
RFID systems have been installed in numerous different applications, from
warehouse tracking to farming. But the technology was expensive at the time due to
the low volume of sales and the lack of open, international standards.[3]

2.1.2 RFID READER.

The RFID reader sends a pulse of radio energy to the tag and listens for the
tag’s response. The tag detects this energy and sends back a response that contains
the tag’s serial number and possibly other information as well.
In simple RFID systems, the reader’s pulse of energy functioned as an on-off
switch; in more sophisticated systems, the reader’s RF signal can contain commands
to the tag, instructions to read or write memory that the tag contains, and even
passwords.
Historically, RFID reader were designed to read only a particular king of tag,
but so-called multimode readers that can read many different kinds of tags are
becoming increasingly popular.
RFID readers are usually on, continually transmitting radio energy and
awaiting any tags that enter their field of operation. However, for some applications,
this is unnecessary and could be undesirable in battery-powered devices that need to
conserve energy. Thus, It is possible to configure an RFID reader so that it sends the
radio pulse only in response to an external event. For example, most electronic toll
collection systems have the reader constantly powered up so that every passing car
will be recorded. On the other hand, RFID scanners used in veterinarian’s offices are
frequently equipped with triggers and power up the only when the trigger is pulled.
Like the tag themselves, RFID readers come in many size. The largest readers
might consist of a desktop personal computer with a special card through shielded
cable. Such A reader would typically have a network connection as well so that it
could report tags that it reads to other computers. The smallest readers are the size of
a postage stamp and are designed to be embedded in mobile telephones. [4]
Nowadays lot of RFID reader sold with multiple brands such as Mifare,
Hitachi, and Philip. Because of the major application used in worldwide, many
systems require the simultaneous use of more than one operating frequency. Most
systems available on the world market at present operate at one of the following
frequencies or frequency ranges: below 135 kHz (125 kHz, 134.2kHz for example),
13.56MHz, UHF (860/960 MHz), 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. The operating and control
characteristics are different for each of these frequencies, and therefore each of them
is more appropriate for certain types of application or certain countries.

2.1.3 RFID TAG.

The tag, also known as the transponder (derived from the terms transmitter
and responder), holds the data that is transmitted to the reader when the tag is
interrogated by the reader. The most common tags today consist of an Integrated
Circuit with memory, essentially a microprocessor chip. Other tags are chipless and
have no onboard Integrated circuit. Chipless tags are more effective in applications
where simpler range of functions is all that is required; although they can help
achieve more accuracy and better detection range, at potentially lower cost than their
Integrated Circuit-based counterparts. From here on out, we will use the term tag to
mean Integrated Circuit-based tag. We will refer to chipless tags explicitly, when
needed. [5]
RFID tags come in two general varieties which are passive and active tag.
Passive tags require no internal power source, thus being pure passive devices (they
are only active when a reader is nearby to power them), whereas active tags require a
power source, usually a small battery.
 BAB 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION.

In order to complete this project, development of the method and step is an important to
make sure this project was successful without any problems. This chapter is based on the
following major parts discussed in the following section. It deals with the actual design and
construction of the project. Methodology is the process to find the suitable project, make the
researching and study all of the project information, choose the suitable method for design this
project, planning the time and selecting the equipment such as material is needed and computer
software program.

Project is divided into two main parts: hardware and software development which require
to be done for 2 semesters of learning. The main purpose of using flowchart method as figure 3.1
is to ensure the project is successfully succeeded to achieve the aim and objective. Moreover, it
is used to define and analyse by easy-to understand diagrams showing the step-by-step picture of
process.
 3.2 PLANNING/FLOW CHART PLAN OF THE PROJECT.

Project title

Phase 1

Research and study

Planning and specification Phase 2

Design and simulation Programming

using Proteus and fritzing (microcontroller)

Test Compile

Troubleshooting Error Error Modify Phase 3

Simulate

Error Modify

Phase 4
Combining hardware and programming

Testing and analysing

Phase 5

Error Modify programming and

troubleshoot hardware

Finalize and complete

Phase 6

Result
3.2.1 Phase 1: Preliminary investigation

This phase is about formulating the problem, determining the objective and defines the
project scope. This phase focus on investigating and establishing the idea to perform the design
selected. Usually in this stage, it is important to collect all the data related to idea from any
source for information. Basically several problems that maybe obtain in this project will be listed
in this phase to due overcome any constraint in this project development

3.2.2 Phase 2: Analysis and Specification

In this phase, literature review will be perform based on material collected from previous
publish project material. Furthermore, hardware and software specification and requirement also
will be determined. Hardware that will be used is microcontroller circuit. Software chosen for
this project is MICROSOFT ACCESS and PROTUES. The suitable methods for hardware
development and program interfacing are observed.

3.2.3 Phase 3: Design

This phase will focus on designing circuit and developing programming for the system.
Flow Chart methodology will be applied in this project. As companion, flowchart, schematic and
circuit diagram will be design during this phase.

3.2.4 Phase 4: Development and Integration

After development of circuit and program, next phase is integrating and combine both
parts. In this phase troubleshoot and modifications are needed if any errors occur during the
testing phase. Any errors occur will be improved by modifying the program or troubleshooting
the circuit

3.2.5 Phase 5: Testing

Testing phase are divided into two level is unit step, the system will be tested part by part.
Second level is integration test where the complete combine system between hardware and
software part will be examined. The analysis and finding are important to ensure success and
effectiveness of the project.

3.2.6 Phase 6: Maintenance

The final phase is mainly about looking for the improvement in current system. Basically,
the recommendation is suggested to overcome the failure on project requirement.
3.3 Power supply.
Power supply is the most important unit in this project. The power supply provides suitable
voltage and current for the Arduino UNO to perform its or task. AC adapter are used with
electrical devices that require voltage and power from main power. The internal circuity of an
external power supply is very similar to design that would be used for built-in or in or internal
supply.

3.4 Microcontroller (Arduino Uno)

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller, simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all
preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features
the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

 Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pilling the 8U2 HWB line to ground,
making it easier to put DFU mode
 Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:
i. Pin out: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and
two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that
allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In
feature, shields will be compatible both with the board that use the
AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate
 with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin that is reserved for
future purpose.
ii. Stronger RESET circuit.
iii. Atmega16U2 replace the 8U2
Table 3.4 Summary of Arduino Uno

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14(of which 6 provide PWM output)

ANALOG Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50mA

Flash Memory 32KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5KB used

by BOOTLOADER
SRAM 2KB(ATmega328)

EEPROM 1KB(ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16MHz

3.5 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a
wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven
segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical;
easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special and even custom
characters (unlike in seven segment), animations and so on.

A 16x2LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In
this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers,
namely, Command and Data.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,
clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. the data register
stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character
to be displayed on the LCD.
Table 3.5 Specification of LCD

Pin No Function Name

1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE
4 Selects command register when low; and data Register selected
register when high
5 Low to write to the register; high to read from the Read / write
register
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is Enable
given
7 DB0
8 DB1

9
DB2
DB3
10 8-bit data pins
11 DB4
DB5
12
DB6
13 DB7
14
15 Backlight Vcc (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-
3.5 Buzzer

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of
buzzers and beepers include alarm device, timers, and confirmation of user input such
as a mouse click or keystroke.

3.6 GSM MODUL.

A GSM module is a chip or circuit that will be used to establish communication between mobile
device or a computing machine and a GSM or GPRS system.
3.7 List of component/material

LIST COMPONENT QUANTITY COST(RM)

1 Arduino UNO 1 RM 150.00
2 RFID RC522 1 RM 30.00
3 LCD 1 RM 50.00
4 SIM900A/SIM800C 1 RM 100.00
5 RGB led 1 RM 50.00
6 Buzzer 1 RM 1.00
7 Resistor 2 RM 2.00
8 LED 1 RM 1.00

Total RM 383.00
 3.9 Block diagram of project and machine design.

INPUT OUTPUT
TRANSMISSION

GSM MODUL DATA

RFID CARD ARDUINO
RGB (LED)
UNO
LCD
RFID DISPLAY
READER
BUZZER
4.0 PROJECT FLOW CHART.

START

SWIPE RFID TAG

RFID READER

IDENTIFY STUDENT
NO RFID TAG

YES
RECORDED NO
ATTENDANCE

DATABASE

END