Skripsi
diajukan sebagai salah satu persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Teknik Program Studi Teknik Kimia
Oleh
TEKNIK KIMIA
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG
2019
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PENGESAHAN
Oleh
Nama : Mira Melina
NIM : 5213415033
Program studi : Teknik Kimia
Panitia:
Ketua Sekretaris
Dr. Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti .,S.T., M.T. Dr. Megawati, S.T., M.T.
NIP.197103161999032002 NIP. 197211062006042001
Dr. Widi Astuti., S.T., M.T. Bayu Triwibowo., S.T., M.T. Dr. Dewi Selvia F.,S.T., M.T.
NIP. 197310172000032001 NIP. 198811222014041001 NIP.197103161999032002
Mengetahui,
Dekan Fakultas Teknik
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MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN
MOTTO
“Barang siapa yang menuntut ilmu dengan ikhlas maka akan bermanfaat bagi orang
lain dan dirinya sendiri”. (Ibrohim bin Adham, Syuabul Iman Bayhaqi: 2/288).
PERSEMBAHAN
1. Allah Ta’ala
2. Orang Tua
3. Saudara-saudariku
4. Sahabatku
5. Kerabat-kerabatku
6. Dosen-dosenku
7. Almamaterku
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INTISARI
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KATA PENGANTAR
Semarang,
Penulis,
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DAFTAR ISI
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3.4 Compressor ........................................................................................ 49
3.5 Furnace .............................................................................................. 49
3.6 Reaktor ............................................................................................... 50
3.7 Flash Tank ......................................................................................... 51
3.8 Cooler ................................................................................................ 52
3.9 Kolom Distilasi .................................................................................. 53
3.10 Kondensor .......................................................................................... 54
3.11 Akumulator ........................................................................................ 55
3.12 Reboiler .............................................................................................. 56
BAB IV UTILITAS ......................................................................................... 57
1.1 Unit Penyediaan dan Pengolahan Air ................................................ 58
1.2 Unit Penyediaan Listrik ..................................................................... 63
1.3 Unit Penyediaan Udara Tekan ........................................................... 68
1.4 Unit Pengolahan Limbah ................................................................... 68
1.5 Unit Laboratorium ............................................................................. 70
1.6 Unit Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ............................................ 71
BAB V TATA LETAK PABRIK DAN PERALATAN .................................. 73
5.1 Tata Letak Pabrik ............................................................................... 73
5.2 Tata Letak Peralatn Proses ................................................................. 75
BAB VI MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN ...................................................... 79
6.1 Bentuk Perusahaan ............................................................................. 79
6.2 Struktur Organisasi dan Deskripsi Tugas .......................................... 80
6.3 Kebutuhan Karyawan dan Sistem Pengupahan ................................. 87
6.4 Kesejahteraan Karyawan ................................................................... 93
6.5 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ............................................. 96
BAB VII ANALISIS EKONOMI .................................................................... 99
7.1 Penaksiran Harga Peralatan ............................................................... 99
7.2 Dasar Perhitungan .............................................................................. 101
7.3 Perhitungan Biaya .............................................................................. 101
7.4 Analisa Kelayakan ............................................................................. 102
7.5 Hasil Perhitungan ............................................................................... 104
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BAB VIII KESIMPULAN ............................................................................... 108
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 109
LAMPIRAN A PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA ................................... 115
A.1 Basis Perhitungan .............................................................................. 115
A.2 Komposisi Bahan Baku ..................................................................... 115
A.3 Komposisi Produk.............................................................................. 115
A.4 Tahap Pre-Treatment ......................................................................... 116
A.5 Tahap Hidrodealkilasi ........................................................................ 119
A.6 Tahap Pemisahan ............................................................................... 124
A.7 Tahap Pemurnian ............................................................................... 134
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS .................................... 141
B.1 Basis Perhitungan .............................................................................. 141
B.2 Kapasitas Panas.................................................................................. 141
B.3 Entalpi Penguapan ............................................................................. 142
B.4 Entalpi Pembentukan Standar ............................................................ 142
B.5 Tahap Pre-Treatment ......................................................................... 143
B.6 Tahap Hidrodealkilasi ........................................................................ 152
B.7 Tahap Pemisahan ............................................................................... 153
B.8 Tahap Pemurnian ............................................................................... 157
LAMPIRAN C SPESIFIKASI ALAT ............................................................. 162
C.1 Tangki Penyimpanan Toluena ........................................................... 162
C.2 Pompa (J-01) ...................................................................................... 170
C.3 Vaporizer (FE-01) .............................................................................. 184
C.4 Kompresor (JC-01) ............................................................................ 193
C.5 Furnace .............................................................................................. 201
C.6 Reaktor (R-01) ................................................................................... 208
C.7 Flash Tank (FG-01) ........................................................................... 230
C.8 Cooler (E-01) ..................................................................................... 237
C.9 Kolom Distilasi (V-01) ...................................................................... 246
C.10 Kondensor (E-02) .............................................................................. 267
C.11 Akumulator (ACC-01) ....................................................................... 275
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C.12 Reboiler (E-03) .................................................................................. 279
LAMPIRAN D ANALISIS EKONOMI .......................................................... 287
D.1 Perhitungan Biaya Produksi (Production Cost)................................. 290
D.2 Analisa Kelayakan ............................................................................. 306
DAFTAR TABEL
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Tabel 2.9 Neraca Massa Tee 4 ......................................................................... 33
Tabel 2.10 Neraca Massa Kolom Distilasi V-01 ............................................. 33
Tabel 2.11 Neraca Massa pada Kolom Distilasi V-02 ..................................... 34
Tabel 2.12 Neraca Massa pada Kolom Distilasi V-03 ..................................... 34
Tabel 2.13 Kapasitas Panas Cair (Joule/mol.K) .............................................. 34
Tabel 2.14 Kapasitas Panas Gas (Joule/mol.K) ............................................... 35
Tabel 2.15 Entalpi Penguapan (kJ/mol) ........................................................... 35
Tabel 2.16 Entalpi Pembentukan Standar pada Suhu Referensi (kJ/mol) ....... 35
Tabel 2.17 Neraca Panas Tee 1 ........................................................................ 36
Tabel 2.18 Neraca Panas Tee 2 ........................................................................ 37
Tabel 2.19 Neraca Panas Tee 3 ........................................................................ 37
Tabel 2.20 Neraca Panas pada Vaporizer (FE-01) ........................................... 38
Tabel 2.21 Neraca Panas pada Furnace (B-01) ............................................... 38
Tabel 2.22 Neraca Panas pada Reaktor (R-01) ................................................ 39
Tabel 2.23 Neraca Panas pada Cooler (E-01) .................................................. 39
Tabel 2.24 Neraca Panas pada Expander Valve (EV-01) ................................ 40
Tabel 2.25 Neraca Panas pada Expander Valve (EV-02) ................................ 40
Tabel 2.26 Neraca Panas pada Kolom Distilasi (V-01) ................................... 41
Tabel 2.27 Neraca Panas pada Kolom Distilasi (V-02) ................................... 41
Tabel 2.28 Neraca Panas pada Kolom Distilasi (V-03) ................................... 42
Tabel 3.1.1 Spesifikasi Tangki Penyimpanan pada Pabrik Benzena ............... 43
Tabel 3.2.1 Spesifikasi Pompa ......................................................................... 44
Tabel 3.3.1 Spesifikasi Vaporizer .................................................................... 48
Tabel 3.4.1 Spesifikasi Kompresor .................................................................. 49
Tabel 3.5.1 Spesifikasi Furnace ...................................................................... 49
Tabel 3.6.1 Spesifikasi Reaktor ....................................................................... 50
Tabel 3.7.1 Spesifikasi Flash Tank .................................................................. 51
Tabel 3.8.1 Spesifikasi Cooler ......................................................................... 52
Tabel 3.9.1 Spesifikasi Kolom Distilasi .......................................................... 53
Tabel 3.10.1 Spesifikasi Kondensor ................................................................ 54
Tabel 3.11.1 Spesifikasi Akumulator............................................................... 55
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Tabel 3.3.1 Spesifikasi Reboiler ...................................................................... 56
Tabel 4.1 Standar Baku Parameter Fisik Air Sanitasi ...................................... 58
Tabel 4.1 Standar Baku Parameter Fisik Air Sanitasi ...................................... 58
Tabel 4.2 Standar Baku Parameter Biologi Air Sanitasi.................................. 59
Tabel 4.3 Standar Baku Parameter Kimia Air Sanitasi.................................... 59
Tabel 4.4 Baku Mutu Air Pendingin ................................................................ 61
Tabel 4.5 Kebutuhan Air Pendingin ................................................................ 58
Tabel 4.6 Kebutuhan Listrik Proses ................................................................. 64
Tabel 4.7 Kebutuhan Listrik Penerangan ......................................................... 65
Tabel 4.8 Kebutuhan Air Conditioner (AC) .................................................... 66
Tabel 4.9 Standar Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik ...................................... 68
Tabel 5.1 Perincian Penggunaan Lahan ........................................................... 74
Tabel 6.1 Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Perseroan Terbatas (PT) ....................... 80
Tabel 6.2 Pembagian Jam Kerja Karyawan Shift ............................................ 89
Tabel 6.3 Pembagian Jam Kerja untuk Setiap Regu ........................................ 89
Tabel 6.4 Penggolongan Jabatan dan Prasyarat Pendidikan ............................ 90
Tabel 6.5 Rincian Jumlah Seluruh Karyawan Perusahaan .............................. 91
Tabel 6.6 Rincian Gaji Berdasarkan Jabatan ................................................... 93
Tabel 7.1 Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index tahun 2000-2014 ............. 100
Tabel 7.2 Physical Plant Cost (PPC) ............................................................... 104
Tabel 7.3 Total Biaya Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) ................................... 104
Tabel 7.4 Working Capital Investment ............................................................ 104
Tabel 7.5 Total Direct Manufacturing Cost (DMC) ........................................ 105
Tabel 7.6 Total Indirect Manufacturing Cost (IMC) ....................................... 105
Tabel 7.7 Total Fixed Manufacturing Cost (FMC) ......................................... 105
Tabel 7.8 Manufacturing Cost Investment (MCI)............................................ 106
Tabel 7.9 General Expense (GE) ..................................................................... 106
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
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