CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

(KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN)

Welcome to kelas bahasa Inggris, the place where we can start learning English. Dalam
Bahasa Indonesia, conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian, bisa juga disebut
dengan kalimat bersyarat, yang mungkin terjadi jika syarat terpenuhi.

Conditional sentence mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu main clause (kalusa utama, yg bisa
berdiri sendiri alias tidak bergantung pd kalimat lain / independent clause) dan if-clause (klausa
If atau klausa bawahan, yg tergantung pd main clause / dependent clause) .

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:

If you buy the new book, you will enjoy reading the story
(jika kamu membeli buku baru itu, kamu akan menikmati membaca cerita di dalamnya).
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Pada kalimat tersebut, terdapat dua buah klausa, yakni klausa utama atau main clause (You will
enjoy reading the story) serta klausa bawahan (If you buy the new book) yang tidak dapat berdiri
sendiri atau sub-clause
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Posisi if-clause dan main clause tersebut dapat dibalik dan tidak mengubah maknanya.
Perbedaannya adalah, Jika If-Clause ada didepan, maka kalimatnya di ikuti koma. Jika If-clause
dibelakang, maka tanpa koma. Contoh:

“If I study hard, I will pass the exam.”

“I will pass the exam if I study hard.”

Semua kalimat ini terdiri dari klausa if – clause + klausa utama dan susunanya bisa dibalik
menjadi klausa utama + if clause 

Pada dasarnya, ada 4 macam jenis kalimat condisional, yaitu tipe Zero, 1, 2, dan 3
dengan rumus penggabungan tenses sebagai berikut:

Type 0 (Zero) If + Simple Present Tense, Present Tense

Type 1 If + Simple Present Tense, Present Future Tense
Type 2 If + Simple Past Tense, Past Future Tense
Type 3 If + Past Perfect Tense, Past Future Perfect Tense

Berikut pola dan contohnya yg lebih lengkap

Tipe kal. Penggunaan Tense pada klausa if Tense pd klausa

conditional (If clause) utama (main clause)

Zero Kebenaran umum If + Simple present Simple present

If + (V1/ be-1) (V1/ be-1)

Type 1 Kondisi yang mungkin If + Simple present Simple (present) future

terjadi dimasa sekarang
atau masa mendatang If + (V1/be-1) (will + Vbase)

Type 2 Kondisi yg tidak terjadi If + Simple past Past Future

dimasa sekarang atau masa
depan If + (V2/ be-2) (would + Vbase)
 Tipe kal. Penggunaan Tense pada klausa if Tense pd klausa
conditional (If clause) utama (main clause)

Type 3 Pengandaian untuk di masa If + Past perfect Past future perfect

lalu yang tidak mungkin
terjadi atau mustahil karena If + (Had + V3/ be3) (would have + Vbase)
sudah berlalu

 ZERO CONDITIONAL

Zero conditional digunakan saat waktunya merujuk ke sekarang atau selalu, dan situasinya nyata
dan pasti terjadi. Zero conditional sering digunakan untuk merujuk ke kebenaran
umum. Tense dalam kedua bagian kalimat adalah simple present. Dalam kalimat-kalimat zero
conditional, kata "if" biasanya dapat diganti dengan kata "when" tanpa mengubah maknanya.

Klausa if  If + simple present Klausa utama  simple present

If + (V1/to be-1) (V1/to be-1)

If this thing happens, that thing happens.

If you heat ice, it melts.

If it rains, the grass gets wet.

Contoh lain:
1. If she wakes up earlier, she will not miss the morning class.
(Bila dia bangun lebih pagi lagi, dia tidak akan melewatkan kuliah pagi itu)
2. They will buy a new sofa for the living room if Sue brings them to the funiture exibition.
(Mereka akan membeli sebuah sofa baru untuk ruang tamu bila Sue mengajak mereka ke
pamern funiture itu)
3. If Donald does not make a goal, the team will be totally lost.
(Bila Donald tidak mencetak gol, tim tersebut akan benar-benar kalah)
4. If you heat water, it boils.
5. If you put salt and vinegar on chips, they taste nicer.
6. If you need assistance, press here.
7. If you don’t come on time, you miss such a lot.
8. If you feel tired, it’s a good idea to go to bed.
9. If it rains, it’s good for the garden.
10. If I eat too many sweets, I put on weight.
11. If I get up too early, I feel tired all day.
12. If I have toothache, I go to the dentist’s.
13. If I feel ill, I make an appointment with my GP.
14. If I read without my glasses on, I strain my eyes.
15. If the number 54 is late, the next bus is the 56.
16. If school finishes early, I usually go to my friend’s house.
17. If the post comes on time, I look at it before I go to work.
18. If you spill coffee on my laptop, it doesn’t agree with it!
19. Soap dissolves if you leave it in water.
20. Plants die if you don’t water them.
 21. Milk goes off if you don’t keep it in a cool place.
22. Ask the teacher if you don’t understand.
23. I don’t mind if you want to use the car.
24. Children get upset if they’re being bullied.
25. Stamps can be good fun if you enjoy collecting things.
26. It can be hard to access the web if you don’t have a PC at home.
27. The heater comes on if you press this switch.
28. Pasta tastes awful if you let it boil for too long.
29. I can go early on Fridays if I ask my manager’s permission.
30. I usually like listening to the radio if Julie has it on.
31. My mind goes blank if you put me on the spot.
32. The car runs like a dream if you service it regularly.
33. Dogs really like it if you walk them regularly.

 TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
Type 1 conditional digunakan untuk merujuk ke masa kini atau masa depan di mana situasinya
nyata dan mungkin terjadi bila persyaratannya tercukupi. Dalam kalimat-kalimat ini,
klausa if menggunakan simple present dan klausa utama menggunakan simple future.

Klausa if  If + simple present Klausa utama  simple future

If + (V1/tobe-1) (will + Vbase)

If this thing happens, that thing will happen.

If you don't hurry, you will miss the train.

If it rains today, you will get wet.

Contoh lain:

If it rains, I will stay at home. (Jika/seandainya hujan, saya akan tinggal dirumah)
If you invite me, I will come to your party, (Jika kau mengundangku, ku akan datang ke pestamu)
If he gives her chocolate, she will be happy. (bila kau memberinya coklat, ia akan bahagia)
If it doesn't rain, we will go to the library. (Jika tidak hujan, kita bisa pergi ke perpustakaan)

 TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
Type 2 conditional digunakan untuk merujuk ke sekarang atau kapan pun, dan situasinya tidak
nyata/kemungkinan sangat kecil terjadi. Kalimat-kalimat ini tidak berdasarkan fakta. Dalam
kalimat-kalimat type 2 conditional, klausa if menggunakan simple past dan klausa utama
menggunakan Past future.

Klausa if If + simple past Klausa utama  Past future

If + (V2/to be-2) (would + Vbase)

If this thing happened, that thing would happen. (tetapi saya tidak yakin ini
akan terjadi)

If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so tired.

 Klausa if If + simple past Klausa utama  Past future
If + (V2/to be-2) (would + Vbase)

If it rained, you would get wet.

If I were you, I would continue my study.

Contoh lain:

1. If I were you, I’d get my hair cut.

2. I’d take up golf If I had the time
3. If I saw you more often, we could get to know each other better.
4. If I lost my wallet, I’d report it at the police station.
5. If I met Michael Jordan, I’d ask him for his autograph.
6. I’d buy a house for my brother If I won the lottery
7. If I wasn’t so lazy, I’d start my own business.
8. If my friend were here, you could meet him.
9. If I drank too much, I’d be sure to make a fool of myself.
10. I might get better grades If I studied more often
11. I’d be late for work If I woke up at nine am
12. I wouldn’t do very well If I entered the competition
13. If I played football for England, they wouldn’t keep losing!
14. If I saw my children smoking, I’d be really angry with them.
15. If I came to class early, I could finish my homework.
16. If I bought a video recorder, I wouldn’t miss my favourite soap.
17. If I wore that red dress, they would all notice me.
18. If I left it up to you, we wouldn’t get anything done.
19. I could type up my reports If I had a word-processing package
20. If I were twenty years’ younger, I’d marry her!
21. If I needed help, I would ask you.
22. I could get a good job out there If I moved to Canada
23. We might win it If we took part in the quiz
24. you wouldn’t enjoy it If we saw that film
25. If the computer crashed, you’d lose all your unsaved work.
26. If our boat got lost, we’d have to call for help.
27. If I told her that I’m a vegetarian, she’d be surprised.
28. If my washing machine broke, I’d get it mended.
29. I might die If I had a heart attack
30. I’d privatise my account of FB If I were Prime Minister

 TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
Type 3 conditional digunakan untuk merujuk ke masa lalu, dan situasinya berlawanan dengan
kenyataan. Fakta-fakta sebenarnya adalah kebalikan dari yang dijelaskan. Dalam kalimat-
kalimat type 3 conditional, klausa if menggunakan past perfect dan klausa utama menggunakan Past
future Perfect.

Klausa if  If + past perfect Klausa utama  Past future perfect

If + Past perfect Past future perfect (continouse)

If this thing had happened, that thing would have happened. (tetapi tidak ada
yang benar-benar terjadi)

If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.
 Klausa if  If + past perfect Klausa utama  Past future perfect
If + Past perfect Past future perfect (continouse)

If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.

If I had accepted that promotion, I would have been working in Milan.

Contoh lain:

1. You wouldn’t have been hungry If you’d eaten your dinner,

2. We would have been happy If I’d married Harry
3. If I’d sold my car to you, you’d have got a bargain.
4. If you’d attended every lesson, you’d have passed that exam easily.
5. We would’ve gone to the beach If it’d been sunny yesterday
6. If I’d told you about Chantal, you wouldn’t have believed me.
7. If we’d read the map properly, we wouldn’t have got lost.
8. If you’d asked her, she could’ve come as well.
9. If I’d won the lottery, I wouldn’t be shopping in charity shops!
10. If you’d eaten all of your main course, you could’ve had some dessert.
11. If I’d had the chance, I would have gone to university.
12. I could’ve called you If I’d had your phone number
13. If I’d asked the doctor, she would’ve advised me on what to do.
14. If I’d lent you my lawnmower, you would have broken it.
15. If I’d watched that programme, I would’ve been bored stiff.
16. I might have got food poisoning If I’d had the salmon
17. If I’d gone to the interview, I might have got the job.
18. If they’d scored another goal, they would’ve won.
19. If I’d found some money, I would’ve handed it in.
20. If I’d taken a taxi, I would have been there by now.
21. You would’ve been annoyed If I’d thrown away your magazine,
22. If I’d gone on the trip to London, I would’ve visited Hyde Park.
23. I would’ve felt a bit guilty If I’d eaten your chocolates
24. If I’d known it was your birthday, I would’ve got you a present.
25. If we didn’t remember which room it was, we could’ve asked Stephen.
26. If the train had been late, we would’ve missed our appointment.
27. I would’ve confronted her If I’d had the courage
28. I would’ve compromised my beliefs If I’d opened the shop on Sundays
29. If you’d been here earlier, you could have had a free drink.
30. If my shirt had been dry, I could have put it on.

Perhatikan!!! 

Pada conditional sentence tipe 3, had bisa ditempatkan di awal dengan menghilangkan if, atau
disebut sebagai bentuk inversi.
 If I had locked the car, the thief wouldn’t have stolen my car.
 Had I locked the car, the thief wouldn’t have stolen my car.

Contoh lain:
 If my parents had been in Bandung, I would have visited them everyday.
 Had my parents been in Bandung, I would have visited them everyday.