Rumus Umum

Secara umum, rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut.

if + condition, result/consequence

atau tanpa tanda baca koma:

result/consequence + if + condition

Rumus Conditional Sentence Berbagai Tipe

Type Rumus Conditional Sentence

0 if + simple present, simple present

1 if + simple present, will + bare infinitive

2 if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

3 if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

Contoh Conditional Sentence

Type Contoh Conditional Sentence

If we burn paper, it becomes ash.

0
(Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)

If I meet him, I will introduce myself.

1
(Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

2
(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
3
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

Negatif if + condition
Rumus: ifnot dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh conditional sentence: ifnot dan unless:

Dengan menggunakan rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah ini.
 If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.
Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask. (Jika para siswa tidak
mengerti, mereka akan mengangkat tangan untuk bertanya.)

Pengertian Zero Conditional

Zero conditional atau conditional sentence type 0 adalah conditional sentence yang
digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) selalu terwujud karena
merupakan scientific fact (kebenaran ilmiah) atau general truth (kebenaran umum) yang
merupakan habitual activity (kebiasaan).
Bagian dependent clause (if+clause) dapat diawali oleh kata if atau when.

Rumus Zero Conditional

Rumus zero conditional adalah sebagai berikut.
If di awal kalimat:

if/when + condition, result/consequence

if/when + simple present, simple present

if di tengah kalimat:
result/consequence + if/when + condition

simple present + if/when + simple present

Contoh Kalimat Zero Conditional

kalimat Contoh Kalimat Zero Conditional

If I sleep late, I am sleepy at work. [habitual activity]

(Jika saya tidur terlambat, saya mengantuk di tempat kerja.)
(+)
If you dry fruits or vegetables, they lose their nutrient and calorie.
(Jika kamu mengeringkan buah atau sayuran, mereka kehilangan nutrisi dan kalori.)

If one doesnt drink after doing exercise, one gets dehydrated.

(-)
(Jika orang tidak minum setelah berlatih, orang bakal dehidrasi.)

If we burn paper, does it become ash?

(?)
(Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi debu?)

Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 1

Conditional sentence type 1 atau first conditional adalah conditional sentence yang
digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan
untuk terwujud di masa depan karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi.
Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 1
If di awal kalimat:
if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative

If di tengah kalimat:
result/consequence + if + condition

(will + bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present

Negatif if + condition
Rumus: ifnot dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 1

Kalimat Contoh Kalimat conditional Sentence type 1

If I have free time, I will go swimming.

(Jika saya punya waktu luang, saya akan pergi berenang.)

If the bell rings, Ill go home.

(+)
(Jika bel berbunyi, saya akan pulang ke rumah.)

If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [imperative]

(Jika kamu bertemu Andy, minta dia menghubungi saya.)

If you dont finish your homework, your teacher will be angry.

(Jika kamu tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu, gurumu akan marah.)

If he doesnt come, I wont be angry. / Unless he comes, I wont be angry.

(-)
(Jika kamu tidak datang, saya tidak akan marah.)

If he comes, I wont be angry.

(Jika dia datang, saya tidak akan marah.)

If they invite you, will you come?

(?)
(Jika mereka mengundangmu, akankah kamu datang?)

Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 2

Conditional sentence type 2 atau second conditional adalah conditional sentence yang
digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau
hanya sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi di
masa sekarang (present unreal situation) atau condition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa
depan (unlikely to happen).

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 2

If di awal kalimat:
if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

If di tengah kalimat:
result/consequence + if + condition

would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Negatif if + condition
Rumus: ifnot dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Were Menggantikan Was

Pada conditional sentence type 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun subjek yang
digunakan merupakan 3rd person pronoun (she, he, it) maupun kata benda tunggal. Hal ini
untuk menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata
karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi (present unreal situation).
if + condition, result/consequence

if + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 2

Kalimat Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 2

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

(+) Fakta:
but I dont have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa
besok akan hujan)
 If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.
(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.)

Fakta:

but Nisa doesnt study hard (tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.)

If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.

(Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil sport.)

Fakta:

but I dont have much money (tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang)

If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.

(Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.)

Fakta:
but Im not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan seorang milioner)

If Nisa studied hard, she wouldnt fail.

(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.)

(-) If Nisa didnt study hard, she would fail. atau Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail.
(Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.)

If I were a millionaire, I wouldnt donate my money to charity.

If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?

(?) If you had much money, would you buy a sport car?

If you were a millionaire, would you donate my money to charity?

Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Type 2

Inverted word order berarti verb muncul sebelum subject. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dengan
menghilangkan kata if dan menukar posisi subject dan verb. Contohnya sebagai berikut.
Normal Inverted
 If I (S) were (V) the shopkeeper, I
would give you discounts.
(Jika saya pemilik toko, saya akan
memberimu potongan harga.) Were (V) I (S) the shopkeeper, I would give you discounts.

Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 3

Conditional sentence type 3 atau third conditional adalah conditional sentence yang
digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada
kemungkinan terwujud karena condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 3

Bagian conditional clause (if + condition) menggunakan subordinate conjunction
if dan past perfect tense, sedangkan bagian main clause(result) menggunakan perfect
modal (modal + have + past participle).
Berikut rumus conditional sentence type 3.
If di awal kalimat:
if + condition, result/consequence

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

If di tengah kalimat:
result/consequence + if + condition

would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 3

Kalimat Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 3

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

(+) Fakta:

but you didnt remember

(tapi kamu tidak ingat)
 If I had given the interviewer really good answers, I might have got a higher position than
you.
(Jika saya memberi jawaban yang benar-benar bagus ke pewawancara, saya mungkin
memdapatkan posisi yang lebih tinggi dari kamu.)

Fakta:

but I didnt give really good answers

(tapi saya tidak memberikan jawaban yang benar-benar bagus)

If the waitress had been careful, she wouldnt have broken many plates.
(Jika pelayan tersebut hati-hati, dia tidak akan memecahkan banyak piring.)

(-) Fakta:
but the waitress wasnt careful
(tapi pelayan tersebut tidak hati-hati)

If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him?
(Jika dia meminta maaf kepadamu, akankah kamu memaafkannya?)

(?) Fakta:
but he didnt ask you for forgiveness
(tapi dia tidak meminta maaf)

Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Type 3

Inverted word order berarti verb muncul sebelum subject. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dengan
menghilangkan kata if dan menukar posisi subject dan verb. Contohnya sebagai berikut.
Normal Inverted

If
you (S) had (V) saved
your gold in a safety
deposit box, it
wouldnt have gone.
(Jika kamu telah
menyimpan emasmu
di safety deposit box,
emasmu tidak akan Had (V) you (S) saved your gold in a safety deposit box, it wouldnt have
hilang.) gone.
Conditional Sentences
Rules You Need to Know
GRAMMARLY

There are four types of conditional sentences.

Its important to use the correct structure for each of these different conditional sentences
because they express varying meanings.

Pay attention to verb tense when using different conditional modes.

Use a comma after the if-clause when the if-clause precedes the main clause.

Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their
consequences. Complete conditional sentences contain a conditional clause (often referred to as the if-
clause) and the consequence. Consider the following sentences:

If a certain condition is true, then a particular result happens.

I would travel around the world if I won the lottery.

When water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

What Are the Different Types of Conditional Sentences? There are four different types of conditional
sentences in English. Each expresses a different degree of probability that a situation will occur or
would have occurred under certain circumstances.

Zero Conditional Sentences

First Conditional Sentences

Second Conditional Sentences

Third Conditional Sentences

Lets look at each of these different types of conditional sentences in more detail.

How to Use Zero Conditional Sentences

Zero conditional sentences express general truthssituations in which one thing always causes
another. When you use a zero conditional, youre talking about a general truth rather than a specific
instance of something. Consider the following examples:

If you dont brush your teeth, you get cavities.

When people smoke cigarettes, their health suffers.

There are a couple of things to take note of in the above sentences in which the zero conditional is
used. First, when using the zero conditional, the correct tense to use in both clauses is the simple
present tense. A common mistake is to use the simple future tense.

When people smoke cigarettes, their health will suffer.

Secondly, notice that the words if and when can be used interchangeably in these zero conditional
sentences. This is because the outcome will always be the same, so it doesnt matter if or when it
happens.

How to Use First Conditional Sentences

First conditional sentences are used to express situations in which the outcome is likely (but not
guaranteed) to happen in the future. Look at the examples below:

If you rest, you will feel better.

If you set your mind to a goal, youll eventually achieve it.

Note that we use the simple present tense in the if-clause and simple future tense in the main clause
that is, the clause that expresses the likely outcome. This is how we indicate that under a certain
condition (as expressed in the if-clause), a specific result will likely happen in the future. Examine
some of the common mistakes people make using the first conditional structure:

If you will rest, you will feel better.

If you rest, you will feel better.

Explanation: Use the simple present tense in the if-clause.

If you set your mind to a goal, you eventually achieve it.

If you set your mind to a goal, youll eventually achieve it.

Explanation: Use the zero conditional (i.e., simple present + simple present) only when a certain
result is guaranteed. If the result is likely, use the first conditional (i.e., simple present + simple
future).

How to Use Second Conditional Sentences

Second conditional sentences are useful for expressing outcomes that are completely unrealistic or
will not likely happen in the future. Consider the examples below:

If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.

If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more.

Notice the correct way to structure second conditional sentences is to use the simple past tense in the
if-clause and an auxiliary modal verb (e.g., could, should, would, might) in the main clause (the one
that expresses the unrealistic or unlikely outcome). The following sentences illustrate a couple of the
common mistakes people make when using the second conditional:

If I inherit a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.

If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.

Explanation: When applying the second conditional, use the simple past tense in the if-clause.

If I owned a zoo, I will let people interact with the animals more.

If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more.

Explanation: Use a modal auxiliary verb in the main clause when using the second conditional mood
to express the unlikelihood that the result will actually happen.

How to Use Third Conditional Sentences

Third conditional sentences are used to explain that present circumstances would be different if
something different had happened in the past. Look at the following examples:

If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.

If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies.

These sentences express a condition that was likely enough, but did not actually happen in the past.
The speaker in the first sentence was capable of leaving early, but did not. Along these same lines, the
speaker in the second sentence was capable of cleaning the house, but did not. These are all conditions
that were likely, but regrettably did not happen.

Note that when using the third conditional, we use the past perfect (i.e., had + past participle) in the if-
clause. The modal auxiliary (would, could, shoud, etc.) + have + past participle in the main clause
expresses the theoretical situation that could have happened.

Consider these common mistakes when applying the third conditional:

If you would have told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.

If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.

Explanation: With third conditional sentences, do not use a modal auxiliary verb in the if-clause.

If I had cleaned the house, I could go to the movies.

If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies.

Explanation: The third conditional mood expresses a situation that could have only happened in the
past if a certain condition had been met. Thats why we use the modal auxiliary verb + have + the past
participle.

Exceptions and Special Cases When Using Conditional

Sentences
As with most topics in the English language, conditional sentences often present special cases in
which unique rules must be applied.

Use of the Simple Future in the If-Clause

Generally speaking, the simple future should be used only in the main clause. One exception is when
the action in the if-clause will take place after the action in the main clause. For example, consider the
following sentence:

If aspirin will ease my headache, I will take a couple tonight.

The action in the if-clause is the aspirin easing the headache, which will take place only after the
speaker takes them later that night.

Were to in the If-Clause

The verb phrase were to is sometimes used in conditional sentences when the likely or unlikely result
is particularly awful or unthinkable. In this case, were to is used to place emphasis on this potential
outcome. Consider these sentences:

If I were to be sick, I would miss another day of work.

If she were to be late again, she would have to have a conference with the manager.

If the rent were to have been a penny more, they would not have been able to pay it.

Note that the emphatic were to can be used to describe hypothetical scenarios in the present, future,
and past.

Punctuating Conditional Sentences

Despite the complex nature of conditional sentences, punctuating them properly is really simple!

Heres the skinny:

Use a comma after the if-clause when the if-clause precedes the main clause.

If Id had time, I would have cleaned the house.

If the main clause precedes the if-clause, no punctuation is necessary.

I would have cleaned the house if Id had time.

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Analytical Exposition Text merupakan jenis teks yang banyak kita jumpai dalam bacaan sehari-hari
walaupun tidak semua orang tahu bahwa yang kita bacaa itu sebenarnya adalah jenis teks ini.
Analayitical exposition text merupakan jenis teks yang berisikan pendapat-pendapat mengenai sesuatu
baik benda, tempat, atau kejadian. Nah, pada kesempata kali iniMedia Belajar Bahasa Inggris akan
membahas mengenai analytical exposition text. Untuk sobat ketahui bahwa analytical exposition text
merupakan jenis teks argumentative text, seperti Hortatory Exposition Text. Untuk lebih jelasnya mari
kita lihat penjelasan mengenai analytical exposition text berikut ini. Semoga bermanfaat. Check this
out!!!

A. Pengertian Analytical Exposition Text

Analytical exposition text adalah jenis teks yang termasuk ke dalam jenis Argumentation Text dimana
teks tersebut berisi tentang pemikiran terperinci penulis tentang sebuah kejadian atau peristiwa yang
ada di sekitar.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif Analytical Exposition Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari analytical exposition text adalah untuk meyakinkan pembaca bahwa topik yang
dihadirkan adalah topik yang penting untuk dibahas atau mendapat perhatian dengan cara pemberian
argumen-argumen atau pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok atau topik tersebut.

C. Struktur Kebahasaan Analytical Exposition

Struktur kebahasaan analytical exposition text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu:

1. Thesis
Di bagian Thesis, penulis memperkenalkan topik atau ide pokok yang akan dibahas. Thesis selalu
berada di paragraf pertama dalam analytical exposition text.

2. Argument
Di bagian ini penulis menghadirkan argumen-argumen atau pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung
ide pokok penulis teks tersebut. Biasanya dalam sebuah analytical exposition text terdapat lebih
dari dua argumen. Semakin banyak argumen yang ditampilkan, semakin membuat pembaca
percaya bahwa topik yang dibahas oleh penulis adalah topik yang sangat penting atau
membutuhkan perhatian.

3. Reiteration
Bagian ini merupakan bagian penutup dari sebuah analytical exposition text yang selalu terletak
di akhir paragraf. Reiteration berisi penulisan kembali atau penempatan kembali ide pokok yang
terdapat di paragraf pertama. Reiteration juga biasa disebut dengan conclusion atau kesimpulan.

D. Ciri Kebahasaan Analytical Exposition

Dalam sebuah analytical exposition text, terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri kebahasaan seperti di bawah ini,
yaitu:
menggunakan simple present
mengunakan reltional process
menggunakan internal conjunction
menggunakan casual conjuction

E. Contoh Analytical Exposition Text

Untuk melengkapi dan memperkuat pemahaman anda mengenai analytical exposition text, sengaja
penulis sertakan contoh beserta terjemahan seperti berikut ini.
 Cars Should Be Banned

(Thesis)
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths
and other accidents.

(Argument 1)
Firstly, cars, as we all know, give contribution to the most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit deadly
gas that causes illness such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and triggers off asthma. Some of these illnesses
are so bad that people can die from them.

(Argument 2)
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrains in
the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

(Argument 3)
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or to concentrate
on your homework, and especially when you talk to someone.

(Reiteration)
In conclusion, cars should be benned from the city for the reason listed.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Analytical exposition Text:

Using relational process
Using internal conjunction
Using causal conjunction
Using Simple Present Tense
Using compound and complex sentence.
Use word that link argument, such as firstly, secondly, and reasoning through causal conjunction,
such as in addition, furthermore, however, therefore.