Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4 2017 PDF

1 Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4
Koleksi Soalan SPM 2016 & Percubaan SPM Negeri 2016
Modul Analisis Bertopik

Kimia Tingkatan 4
SPM 2017
ChEmisTrY
KerTAs 2
4541/2
Disusun oleh:
Cikgu Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor
SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor
Nama :
Sekolah :
Kelas :
To Excel in Chemistry is to Love Chemistry

©Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor, SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+
 The Structure of Atoms … 3-16

 Chemical Formula and Equations …16-29
 Periodic Table of Elements …29-42
 Chemical Bonds …42-45
 Electrochemistry …45-52
 Acid and Bases …52-69
 Salts …69-77
 Manufactured Substances in Industry …77-86
Terima kasih kepada semua guru guru Kimia Tulen Malaysia yang sudi
berkongsi bahan bahan untuk kejayaan pelajar kita. TQVM
Chapter 2 : The Structure of The Atom

[JUJ Pahang 2016, No 1]
1. (a) Naphthalene is also known as moth ball which is used to get rid of the cockroaches. After a
few hours, the moth ball is put into the kitchen cabinet, it is found that the cockroaches did
not enter the cabinet because the cabinet had been filled with the moth ball odour.
Naftalena juga dikenali sebagai ubat gegat yang digunakan untuk menghalau lipas. Selepas
beberapa jam ubat gegat diletakkan dalam kabinet dapur, di dapati lipas tidak memasuki
kabinet tersebut kerana kabinet telah dipenuhi dengan bau ubat gegat.
(i) State the name of the process occurs.

Nyatakan nama proses yang berlaku.
...................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.

Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(b) Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to determine the melting point of
naphthalene and Diagram 1.2 shows the heating curve of solid naphthalene.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat lebur
naftalena dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal naftalena.
Termometer
Termometer
Naphthalene
Naftalena
Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.2
(i) Based on Diagram 1.1, why naphthalene is heated using water bath?
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, mengapakah naftalena di panaskan dengan menggunakan kukus
air?
.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Show on Diagram 1.2 how to determine the melting point of naphthalene.
Tunjukkan di atas Rajah 1.2 bagaimana untuk menentukan takat lebur bagi naftalena.
[1 mark]
(iii) Why the temperature does not change from Q to R?

Mengapakah suhu tidak berubah dari Q ke R?
...................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) State the changes in the movement of particles from R to S.

Nyatakan perubahan pergerakan zarah-zarah daripada R ke S.
...................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(v) Draw the particles arrangement of naphthalene at RS.

Lukis susunan zarah bagi naftalena pada RS.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
[Pahang 2016, No 1]
1. Diagram 1.1 shows Pn Aminah is frying chicken in the kitchen while Ali and his father are at the
living room.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan Pn Aminah sedang menggoreng ayam di dapur, manakala Ali dan ayahnya
berada di ruang tamu.
Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1
(a) (i) The smell of fried chicken spreads to the living room. Name the process that occured.
Bau ayam goreng merebak hingga ke ruang tamu. Namakan proses yang berlaku.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in a(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.

Terangkan jawapan anda di a(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.
................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
Diagram 1.2 shows the heating curve for solid naphthalene.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal naftalena.
Temperature/0C
Suhu /0C
B C
A
Time/s
Masa/s
Diagram 1.2/Rajah 1.2
(i) On the graph above, show and label the melting point of naphthalene.
Pada graf di atas, tunjuk dan labelkan takat lebur naftalena.
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of naphthalene at AB and CD

Lukis susunan zarah naftalena pada AB dan CD.
AB CD
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from B to C.
Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari B ke C.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 2(d)]
(d) Diagram 2.1 shows a portion of the Periodic Table of Elements. The letters listed below are not the
actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Huruf yang disenaraikan di
bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur.
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 Z
2 X
3 V W Y
4
Diagram 2.2 shows the structure of an atom of one of the element in Diagram 2.1.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi salah satu unsur dalam Rajah 2.1.
x x
x x
x
x x
x x x
x
(i) Table 2 shows the guide for structure in Diagram 2.2.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan petunjuk bagi struktur atom dalam Rajah 2.2.
Subatomic particle Name of subatomic particle

Zarah subatom Nama zarah subatom
Electron
x
Elektron
Table 2/ Jadual 2
Complete Table 2.
Lengkapkan Jadual 2.
[2 marks]
(ii) Which element in Diagram 2.1 has the structure of atom as in Diagram 2.2?
Dengan menggunakan huruf dalam Rajah 2.1, unsur manakah mempunyai struktur atom
seperti dalam Rajah 2.2?
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Element stated in (d)(ii) is has an isotope. State the function of the isotope.
Unsur yang dinyatakan di (d)(ii) mempunyai satu isotop. Nyatakan fungsi isotop itu.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 1]
1 (a) Table 1 shows the number of protons and neutrons for atom P and atom Q.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutron bagi atom P dan atom Q.
Number of protons Number of neutrons

Atom
Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron
P 11 12
Q 8 10
Table 1/Jadual 1
(i) State the term for ‘the total number of protons and neutrons’ in an atom?
Nyatakan istilah bagi ‘jumlah bilangan proton dan neutron’ dalam satu atom?
..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / markah]
(ii) Draw the atomic structure of P.

Lukiskan struktur atom P.
[ 2 marks / markah]
(iii) Write the symbol of P in the form of ZAY .

Tuliskan simbol P dalam bentuk ZAY .
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(b) (i) Atom R is an isotope of atom Q.
State the number of protons in atom R.
Atom R ialah isotop bagi atom Q.
Nyatakan bilangan proton dalam atom R .
..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / markah]
(ii) Atom Q and R shows the same chemical properties. State one reason.
Atom Q dan R menunjukkan sifat kimia yang sama. Nyatakan satu sebab.
..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / markah]
(c) (i) Element Q is a compound with boiling point of –34.0 oC.

Predict the physical state of element Q at room temperature.
Unsur Q ialah satu sebatian dengan takat didih – 34.0 oC.
Ramalkan keadaan fizik unsur Q pada suhu bilik.
..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / markah]
(ii) Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of
particles of element Q at room temperature
Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi unsur Q
pada suhu bilik.
Arrangement of particles : ......................................................................................

Susunan zarah
Movement of particles : .........................................................................................

Pergerakan zarah
[ 2 marks / markah]
[SBP 2016, No 1]
(1) Table 1 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron of atoms Y and Z
Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom Y dan Z.
Atom Number of proton Number of neutron

Atom Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron
Y 17 18
Z 20 20
Table 1/ Jadual 1
Based on Table 1:
Berdasarkan Jadual 1:
(i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Y.
Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom Y.
…………………………………………………………...…………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) State the period of atom Y in the Periodic Table of Element.

Nyatakan kala bagi atom Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
……………………………………………………………………………………..………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Give one reason for your answer in 1(a)(ii).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam 1(a)(ii).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the formula of Z ion.

Tuliskan formula bagi ion Z.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(v) State the nucleon number of atom Z.

Nyatakan nombor nukleon atom Z.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
b) Pineapple is a tropical plant which consists of many nutrients such as niacin or vitamin B3.
Nenas adalah sejenis tanaman tropika yang mengandungi banyak nutrient seperti niasin atau
vitamin B3.
Diagram 1 shows a picture pineapple and the enlargement of the structural formula of niacin in a
pineapple.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan pembesaran struktur formula bagi niasin yang terdapat dalam nenas.
Diagram 1/ Rajah 1
(i) What is the molecular formula of niacin?
Apakah formula molekul bagi niasin?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) State the type of particle in niacin.

Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam niasin.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) 10.0 kg of pineapple it consists of 5.0 g of niacin. What is the number of mole of niacin in 10
kg of pineapple? [Relative Atomic Mass: H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14]
10.0 kg nenas mengandungi 5.0 g niasin. Berapakah bilangan mol niasin dalam 10 kg nenas?
[Jisim Atom Relatif: H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14]
[2 marks]
[MRSM 2016, No 1]
1 (a) Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic structure of element T.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi unsur T.
Based on Diagram 1.1;

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1;
(i) identify W.
kenalpasti W.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) state the number of proton in element T.
nyatakan bilangan proton bagi unsur T.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) write the electron arrangement for element T.
tulis susunan elektron bagi unsur T.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Element T has a melting point of 180.5°C.

Predict the physical state of element T at room temperature.
Unsur T mempunyai takat lebur 180.5 °C.
Ramalkan keadaan fizikal bagi unsur T pada suhu bilik.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of particles of
element T at room temperature.
Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi unsur T pada suhu
bilik.
Arrangement of particles: ………….………….……………………………………………..

Susunan zarah :
Movement of particles: ………….………….………………………………………………..

Pergerakan zarah:
[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows the graph of temperature against time when liquid acetamide is cooled.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila cecair asetamida disejukkan.
Based on Diagram 1.2;

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2;
(i) determine the freezing point of acetamide.

tentukan takat beku bagi asetamida.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) the temperature of acetamide did not change from B to C. Explain why?
suhu asetamida tiduk berubah dari B ke C. Terangkan mengapa?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
[Perlis 2016, No 2]
2 Table 2 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron in atom R, S and T.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam atom R, S dan T.
Atom Number of proton Number of neutron

R 11 12
S 11 13
T 12 12
Table 2/ Jadual 2
(a) State three subatomic particles of an atom.

Nyatakan tiga zarah sub atom.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) (i) What is meant by isotope?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Which atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom yang manakah merupakan isotop?
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State the radioisotope that is used to treat cancer diseases.

Nyatakan radioisotop yang digunakan untuk merawat penyakit kanser.
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom R.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom R.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) What is valence electron of atom R?

Apakah elektron valens bagi atom R?
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) 𝐴
Write the symbol for atom S in the form of 𝑍𝑆.
𝐴
Tuliskan simbol bagi atom S dalam bentuk 𝑍𝑆 .
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom T.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom T.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the position of element of atom T in the Periodic Table of Element.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur bagi atom T dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 2]

2. (a) Table 2.1 shows the number of protons and number of neutrons for atoms A, B, C, D and E.
Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom A, B, C, D, dan E.
Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons

A 8 8
B 9 10
C 8 9
D 10 10
E 8 10
Table 2.1/Jadual 2.1
Based on Table 2.1:

Berdasarkan Jadual 2.1:
(i) What is the meaning of isotope?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Which atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) Determine the nucleon number of atom C.

Tentukan nombor nukleon bagi atom C.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..……
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the electron arrangement for atom D.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom D.
………………………………………………………………………………………….………
[1 mark]
(b) Table 2.2 shows the melting point and boiling point of lead(II) bromide.
Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi plumbum(II) bromida.
Melting point
 373 oC
Takat lebur
Boiling point
 916 oC
Takat didih
(i) State the types of particles in lead(II) bromide.

Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terkandung dalam plumbum(II) bromida.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Sketch the graph temperature against time if lead(II) bromide is cooled from 500 oC to room
temperature.
Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa sekiranya plumbum(II) bromida disejukkan daripada
500 oC ke suhu bilik.
[2 marks]
(iii) What is the state of matter of lead(II) bromide at 500 oC?
Apakah keadaan jirim plumbum(II) bromida pada suhu 500 oC?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iv) Draw the arrangement of particles in b(iii).

Lukis susunan zarah dalam (b)(iii).
[1 mark]
Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equation

[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 3]
3 (a) Diagram 3 shows an educational TV program.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu rancangan TV pendidikan.
Chemists use unit of mol to measure the quantity of a substance.

Ahli kimia menggunakan unit mol untuk menyukat kuantiti bahan.
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
(i) What is the meaning of a mole?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan satu mol?
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of iron.

[Avogadro constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]
Hitungkan bilangan zarah-zarah dalam 0.01 mol besi.
[Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]
[1 mark]
(b) The equation below is not a balance chemical equation:

Persamaan dibawah adalah bukan persamaan kimia yang seimbang:
........Fe(s) + ........O2(g)  ........Fe2O3(s)

Fe(p) + O2(g) Fe2O3(p)
(i) Balance the chemical equation above.

Seimbangkan persamaan kimia di atas.
[1 mark]
(ii) Interpret the chemical equation qualitatively and quantitatively.

Tafsirkan persamaan itu secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) Alkene E is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. E contains 85.7% of carbon, 14.3% of hydrogen, by mass,
and the relative molecular mass of E is 42. [Relative atomic mass : H=1; C=12]
Alkena E adalah suatu hidrokarbon tak tepu. E mengandungi 85.7% karbon,14.3% hidrogen
mengikut jisim dan jisim molekul relatif bagi E ialah 42. [Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12]
(i) Determine the empirical formula of E.

Tentukan formula empirik bagi E.
[3 marks]
(ii) Determine the molecular formula of E.

Tentukan formula molekul bagi E.
[2 marks]
[SPM 2016, No 3]
3 (a) Green plant undergoes photosynthesis to produce glucose. The molecular formula of glucose is
C6H12O6.
Tumbuhan hijau menjalankan fotosintesis untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Formula molekul bagi glukosa
adalah C6H12O6.
(i) What is meant by molecular formula?

Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the empirical formula for glucose C6H12O6.

Tulis formula empirik bagi glukosa C6H12O6.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) The chemical equation for photosynthesis is as below.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Give three information that can be interpret from the chemical equation.
Persamaan kimia bagi fotosintesis adalah seperti di bawah.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Berikan tiga maklumat yang dapat ditafsir daripada persamaan kimia itu.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(b) An iron nail that is exposed to air and water to form rust, hydrated iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3.H2O. Chemical
equation for the reaction is as follows:
Paku besi yang terdedah kepada udara dan air menghasilkan karat, Fe2O3.H2O. Persamaan kimia
untuk tindak balas itu adalah seperti berikut:
X Fe + Y O2 + Z H2O  2 Fe2O3.H2O
(i) Balanced the chemical equation for the reaction by determine the value of X, Y and Z.
Seimbangkan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas itu dengan menentukan nilai X, Y dan Z.
X : ........... Y : ........ Z: ...........

[3 marks]
(ii) State the number of moles of iron that is required to produce 1 mole hydrated iron(III) oxide.
Nyatakan bilangan mol ferum yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 1 mol ferum(III) oksida
terhidrat.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the relative formula mass of hydrated iron(III) oxide.

[Relative atomic mass:H=1; O=16; Fe =56]
Hitung jisim formula relatif bagi ferum(III) oksida terhidrat.
[Jisim atom relatif: H=1; O=16; Fe =56]
[1 mark]
[Perlis 2016, No 3]
3 Diagram 3.1 shows the structural formulae of compound Q.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian Q.
H O H H
H C C O C C H
H H H
(a) (i) What is meant by molecular formulae?

Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Complete the table 3 below.

Lengkapkan jadual 3 dibawah.
Structural formula Molecular Empirical

Formula struktur formula formula
Formula molekul Formula empirik
H O H H
H C C O C C H …………….... ………………..
H H H
[2 marks]
(iii) The relative molecular mass of Mg3(XO4)2 ialah 262. What is the relative atomic mass of
element X.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg; 24, O; 16]
Jisim molekul relative bagi Mg3(XO4)2 adalah 262. Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi elemen X.
[Jisim atom relative : Mg;24, O; 16]
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up for the heating of copper (II) carbonate, CuCO3 powder.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pemanasan serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat, CuCO3.
Copper (II) carbonate powder

Serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat
Heat
Panaskan
Lime water
Air kapur
(i) State one observation of this experiment

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the gas released in this experiment.

Namakan gas yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas ini.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) 6.4 g of cuprum (II) carbonate powder, CuCO3 is heated during this experiment.
Calculate the volume of gas released.
[Relative atomic mass:C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 at room
temperature]
6.4g serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat, CuCO3 dipanaskan semasa eksperimen ini.
Hitung isipadu gas yang dibebaskan.
[Jisim atom relatif:C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 pada suhu bilik]
[2 marks]
[Terengganu 2016, No 3]
3 Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of compound X.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian X.
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
(a) State the name of the element represented by the symbol C in Diagram 3.
Nyatakan nama bagi unsur yang diwakili dengan simbol C dalam Rajah 3.
................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the meaning of empirical formula.
Nyatakan maksud bagi formula empirik.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Write the molecular formula and the empirical formula of compound X.
Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi sebatian X.
Molecular formula:
Formula molekul: ………………………………………………………………………………………
Empirical formula
Formula empirik: ……………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(ii) State one similaritiy and one difference between the molecular formula and the empirical
formula in (c)(i).
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula molekul dan formula empirik
dalam (c)(i).
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between compound X and magnesium.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara sebatian X dengan magnesium
.......................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mass of magnesium reacts with 1 mol of compound X.

[Relative atomic mass:Mg=24]
Hitung jisim magnesium yang bertindak balas lengkap dengan 1 mol sebatian X.
[Jisim atom relatif:Mg=24]
.
[2 marks]
2 Table 2 shows the empirical formulae and the molecular formulae of three compounds
Jadual 2 menunjukkan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi tiga sebatian
Compound Empirical formula Molecular formula

Sebatian Formula empirik Formula molekul
X C5H10
....................
Y CH2O
........................
Z CuCO3 CuCO3
Table 2/Jadual 2
(a) (i) State the meaning of empirical formula.
Nyatakan maksud formula empirik.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Write the empirical formula of compound X in Table 2

Tulis formula empirik sebatian X dalam Jadual 2.
[ 1 mark / markah]
(b) Relative molecular mass of compound Y is 180. Determine the molecular formula of
compound Y. [ Relative atomic mass : H=1, C=12, O=16]
Jisim molekul relatif bagi sebatian Y ialah 116. Tentukan formula molekul sebatian Y.
[ Jisim atom relatif : H=1, C=12, O=16]
[ 2 marks / markah]
(c) Y is formed during photosynthesis process. The photosynthesis process is as shown below:
Carbon dioxide + Water  Y + Oxygen
Y dihasilkan semasa proses fotosintesis. Proses fotosintesis adalah seperti ditunjukkan di

bawah
Karbon dioksida + Air  Y + Oksigen

(i) Based on your answer in (b), balance the equation below
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b), seimbangkan persamaan di bawah
__CO2 + __H2O → + ____O2
[ 1 mark / markah]
(ii) State two information that can be deduced from the equation.
Nyatakan dua maklumat yang boleh disimpulkan daripada persamaan itu.
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks / markah]
(d) Copper(II) carbonate precipitate and sodium nitrate solution are formed when copper(II) nitrate
solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution.
Write a balanced chemical equation for this precipitation reaction.
Mendakan kuprum(II) karbonat dan larutan natrium nitrat terhasil apabila larutan kuprum(II)
nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas pemendakan ini.
............................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks / markah]
3. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium
oksida.
Lid
penutup
Magnesium ribbon Crucible
Pita magnesium Mangkuk pijar
Heat/Panaskan
Diagram 3/ Rajah 3
(a) When carrying out the experiment, why does the crucible lid need to be opened once awhile?
Semasa menjalankan eksperimen, mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali
sekala?
…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Table 3 shows the results of the experiment

Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
Description Mass (g)

Penerangan Jisim (g)
Mass of crucible + lid
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup 21.45
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium 23.85
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida 25.45
Table 3/ Rajah 3
Based on Table 3, determine the value of the following:

Berdasarkan Jadual 3, tentukan nilai yang berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : O,16; Mg, 24]
[Jisim atom relatif : O,16; Mg, 24]
(i) Mass of magnesium
Jisim magnesium
[1 mark]
(ii) Number of moles of magnesium

Bilangan mol magnesium
[1 mark]
(iii) Mass of oxygen

Jisim oksigen
[1 mark]
(iv) Number of moles of oxygen

Bilangan mol oksigen
[1 mark]
(v) Empirical formula of magnesium oxide

Formula empirik magnesium oksida
…..………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dan oksigen
…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(d) Can the method above be used to determine the empirical formula of lead(II) oxide? Give a
reason.
Bolehkah kaedah di atas digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik plumbum(II) oksida?
Berikan satu sebab.
…...…..………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
2. (a) Diagram 2.1 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the empirical
formula oxide of copper.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen menentukan formula empirik
oksida kuprum.
Hydrogen
Hidrogen Oxide of copper
Oksida kuprum
Substance X Heat
Bahan X Panaskan
(i) State the type of particles in oxide of copper.

Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat di dalam oksida kuprum.
…….……………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Substance X is used to dry the hydrogen gas. State the name of substance X.
Bahan X digunakan untuk mengeringkan gas hidrogen. Nyatakan nama bagi
bahan X.
………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) Name two substances that can be used to prepare hydrogen gas in this
experiment.
Namakan dua bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen
dalam eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(iv) State one precaution that must be taken before heating the oxide of copper?
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil sebelum pemanasan
oksida kuprum?
…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(v) How can you ensure that all the oxide of copper has been completely reduced?
Bagaimanakah anda dapat memastikan bahawa semua oksida kuprum telah
diturunkan dengan lengkap?
………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(vi) The empirical formula of oxide of magnesium cannot be determined using the
apparatus set-up in Diagram 2.1. Give a reason.
Formula empirik bagi oksida magnesium tidak dapat ditentukan menggunakan
susunan radas di Rajah 2.1. Berikan satu sebab.
………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the structural formula of a molecule.

Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi satu molekul.
(i) Based on Diagram 2.2, write the empirical formula of the molecule.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, tuliskan formula empirik bagi molekul itu.
………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) What is meant by empirical formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik?
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[Pahang 2016, No 2]
2. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida.
Copper(II) oxide
Kuprum(II) oksida
H2 H2
Heat
Solution X
Panaskan
Larutan X
Metal Y
Logam Y
Anhydrous calcium chloride
Kalsium klorida kontang
Diagram 2/ Rajah 2
(a) State the meaning of empirical formula.

Nyatakan maksud formula empirik.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Solution X and metal Y reacts to produce hydrogen gas.

State the name of solution X and metal Y.
Larutan X dan logam Y bertindak balas menghasilkan gas hidrogen.
Nyatakan nama bagi larutan X dan logam Y.
Solution X : ……………………………………………………………………….....
Larutan X
Metal Y : ………………………………………………………………………......
Logam Y
[2 marks]
(c) What is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride?

Apakah fungsi kalsium klorida kontang?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) (i) State the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide

Nyatakan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and
copper(II) oxide
Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi tindak balas antara gas hidrogen dan
kuprum(II) oksida
……...……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(e) How to ensure that all of the copper(II) oxide has been reduced to copper?
Bagaimana untuk memastikan semua kuprum(II) oksida telah diturunkan kepada kuprum?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(f) Can the empirical formula for aluminium oxide be determine by using this method? Give
one reason for your answer.
Bolehkan formula empirik bagi aluminium oksida ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah
ini? Berikan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda.
…..……………………………………………………………………………………..
..………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
Chapter 4 : The Periodic Table of Elements
3 Diagram 3 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. A, B, C, D, E and F are not the actual
symbols of the elements.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. A, B, C, D, E dan F bukan
merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 A
2 B C
3 D E
4 F
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
(a) (i) E is situated in Group 17. What is another name of Group 17?
E terletak di dalam Kumpulan 17. Apakah nama lain bagi Kumpulan 17?
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Write the electron arrangement for E atom.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom E.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]
(b) Arrange A, B, C, D, E and F in ascending order of the atomic size.

Susunkan A, B, C, D, E dan F dalam tertib menaik saiz atom.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]
(c) Which element is monoatomic gas? Give a reason.

Unsur manakah gas monoatom? Berikan satu sebab.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks / markah]
(d) D and F are placed in the same group in the Periodic Table of Elements. When D and F are put
into water, an alkaline solution is formed.
D dan F berada di dalam kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Apabila D dan
F dimasukkan ke dalam air, satu larutan beralkali terhasil.
(i) Which element is more reactive?

Unsur yang manakah lebih reaktif?
..……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in d(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di d(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks / markah]
(e) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction when D is put into water.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas apabila D diletakkan dalam air.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks / markah]
[SBP 2016, No 2]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the standard representation for the atoms of three elements from Group 17
in the Periodic Table of Element.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai atom bagi tiga unsur daripada Kumpulan 17 di dalam
Jadual Berkala Unsur.
80 35 127
35𝐵𝑟 17𝐶𝑙 53𝐼
Bromine Chlorine Iodine
Bromin Klorin Iodin
(a) What is represented by the number 35 in 80

35𝐵𝑟 .
Apakah yang diwakili oleh nombor 35 dalam 80
35𝐵𝑟
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the number of valence electrons of bromine atom.

Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens pada pada atom bromin.
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Compare the size of the chlorine atom with the bromine atom.
Bandingkan saiz atom klorin dengan atom bromin.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i)

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i).
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d)
Chlorine reacts with sodium to form a compound.
Klorin bertindak balas dengan natrium membentuk satu sebatian
Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed.
Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
[Proton number Na = 11][Nombor proton Na = 11]
[2 marks]
(e) Diagram 2.2 shows the reaction occured when iodine dissolve in water. A piece of litmus paper
is dipped into the solution formed.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan tindakbalas yang berlaku apabila iodin di larutkan ke dalam air.
Sekeping kertas litmus dicelupkan ke dalam larutan yang terhasil.
(i) State the observation on the litmus paper

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada kertas litmus.
.................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e)(i)
Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda dalam (e)(i)
.................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
2 Diagram 2 shows the position of five elements; A, B, C, D and E in the Periodic Table. The letters listed
below are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan kedudukan lima unsur; A, B, C, D dan E dalam Jadual Berkala. Huruf yang
disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur.
Diagram 2/Rajah 2
Based on Diagram 2, answer the following questions:

Berdasarkan Rajah 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:
(a) What is the basic principle used in arranging the elements in Periodic Table of Elements?
Apakah prinsip asas yang digunakan dalam penyusunan unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala
Unsur?
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State two elements that are placed in the same group.
Nyatakan dua unsur yang terletak dalam kumpulan yang sama.
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) State the position of element B and give a reason.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur B dan berikan alasan.
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) Compare the reactivity between element C and E. Explain your answer.
Bandingkan kereaktifan antara unsur C dan E. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(e) Arrange the atomic size of A, B, C, D and E in descending order.

Susun saiz atom-atom A, B, C, D dan E mengikut tertib susunan menurun.
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(f) Nickel is well known as a useful catalyst for hydrogenation reaction in manufacture of margarine.
State the element with similar properties with nickel.
Nikel terkenal sebagai mangkin dalam tindak balas penghidrogenan dalam pembuatan marjerin.
Nyatakan unsur yang mempunyai sifat yang sama dengan nikel.
...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows a portion of the Periodic Table of Elements. The letters listed below are not the actual
symbols of the elements.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah
bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur.
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 Z
2 X
3 V
4 W Y
5
(a) By using the letters in Diagram 2.1, which element exists as a monoatomic?
Give a reason.
Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf dalam Rajah 2.1, unsur manakah wujud sebagai monoatom?
Berikan satu alasan.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) Element W belong to a group that has special characteristics which differentiate it from the other
group. Name the group and state one special characteristic of the group.
Unsur W tergolong dalam kumpulan yang mempunyai ciri-ciri istimewa yang membezakannya
daripada kumpulan lain. Namakan kumpulan itu dan nyatakan satu ciri istimewa kumpulan itu.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) Write the chemical equation when Y is dissolved in water.

Tulis persamaan kimia apabila Y dilarutkan dalam air.
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[Kedah 2016, No 1]
1. Diagram 1 shows a part of the Periodic Table of Elements. W, X, Y and Z are not the actual symbols of the
elements.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. W, X, Y dan Z bukan simbol sebenar
unsur tersebut.
W
X Y
Z
Diagram 1/Rajah 1
Based on Diagram 1,
Berdasarkan Rajah 1,
(a) (i) Write an electron arrangement of atom W.

Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom W.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Which of the element is halogen?

Unsur manakah adalah halogen?
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) The information below shows the special characteristics of an element in Diagram 1.
Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan ciri istimewa bagi suatu unsur dalam Rajah 1.
 Form coloured compounds

Membentuk sebatian berwarna
 Acts as catalyst
Bertindak sebagai mangkin
Which element shows the above characteristics?

Unsur manakah menunjukkan ciri di atas?
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) The atomic size of Y is smaller than X. Explain why.

Saiz atom Ylebih kecil daripada atom X. Terangkan mengapa.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) Element Q has three shells occupied with electron and three valence electrons.
Mark Q, in Diagram 1 to indicate the position of element Q.
Element Q mempunyai tiga petala berisi elektron dan tiga elektron valens.
Tanda Q, di dalam Rajah 1bagi menunjukkan kedudukan unsur Q.
[1 mark]
(e) When a small piece of element X is put into water, alkaline solution is formed and hydrogen gas is
released.
Apabila satu ketulan kecil unsur X dimasukkan kedalam air, larutan beralkali terhasil dan gas hidrogen
terbebas.
(i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas ini.
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Element A is located below element X in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Compare the reactivity of element A and element X when react with water.
Unsur A berada di bawah unsur X dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur A dan unsur X apabila bertindak balas dengan air.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[SPM 2016, No 1]
1. Table 1 shows the information of elements in Periodic Table of Elements

Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat unsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Element
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Unsur
Electron arrangement
2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.7
Susunan electron
Atomic radius
186 160 143 118 110 104 100
Jejari atom
Table 1/Jadual 1
(a) Which period are the elements placed?

Kala yang manakah unsur itu terletak?
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the element that exists as diatomic molecule.

Nyatakan unsur yang wujud sebagai dwiatom.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) State the element that can form an amphoteric oxide.

Nyatakan unsur yang boleh membentuk oksida amfoterik.
.................................................................................................................................................
[1 marks]
(d) Which element is a semi-metal?
Unsur yang manakah ialah separa logam?
.................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e) Referring to the change in atomic radius, explain why the electronegativity increases across the period
from left to right.
Merujuk kepada perubahan jejari atom, terangkan mengapa keelektronegatifan bertmbah merentasi
kala dari kiri ke kanan.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(f) Sodium burns in oxygen to form sodium oxide.

Natrium terbakar dalam oksigen membentuk natrium oksida.
(i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas ini.
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Sodium oxide dissolve in water to form a solution.

State the colour change of the litmus paper when it is placed in the solution
Natrium oksida larut dalam air membentuk larutan.
Nyatakan perubahan warna pada ketas litmus apabila dimasukkan ke dalam larutan itu.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
3 Diagram 3.1 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements and Table 3.1 shows one characteristic
of elements P and Q.
The letters P, Q, V, W, X and Y in Diagram 3.1 and Table 3.1 do not represent the actual symbols
of the elements.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur dan Jadual 3.1 menunjukkan
satu ciri bagi unsur P dan Q.
Huruf P, Q, V, W, X dan Y di dalam Rajah 3.1 dan Jadual 3.1 tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur.
V W X Y
Element / Unsur Characteristic / Ciri

Has 1 valence electron and 3 shells occupied with electron.
P
Mempunyai 1 elektron valens dan 3 petala berisi electron.
Located in Period 3 and formed amphoteric oxide
Q
Terletak di kala 3 dan membentuk oksida amfoterik
(a) On Diagram 3.1, show the position of P and Q in the Periodic Table of the Element.
Pada Rajah 3.1, tunjukkan kedudukan P dan Q di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
[2 marks]
(b) Element Q reacts with oxygen gas to form an amphoteric oxide. What is meant by amphoteric
oxide?
Unsur Q bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen untuk membentuk oksida amfoterik. Apakah
yang dimaksudkan dengan oksida amfoterik?
…………………………………………………………………………….....................
[1 mark]
(c) V atom is more electropositive than X atom. Explain why.

Atom V lebih elektropositif daripada atom X. Terangkan mengapa.
......................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(d) Element Y is chemically unreactive. State one uses of element Y in daily life.
Unsur Y tidak reaktif secara kimia. Nyatakan satu kegunaan unsur Y dalam kehidupan harian.
......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e) Element P reacts with oxygen gas to form oxide of P. Oxide of P dissolved in water to produce
a solution. In Table 3.2 below, mark (√) in the box to show the pH value of the solution.
Unsur P bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen untuk membentuk oksida P. Oksida P larut dalam
air untuk menghasilkan satu larutan. Dalam Jadual 3.2 di bawah, tandakan (√) di dalam
kotak yang disediakan untuk menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan yang terhasil.
pH Value
Nilai pH
4 7 11
Table 3.2 /Jadual 3.2

[1 mark]
(f) X reacts with W to form a covalent compound.

X bertindak balas dengan W untuk membentuk satu sebatian kovalen.
(i) State the formula of the compound formed.

Nyatakan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound in (f)(i).
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian di (f)(i).
[2 marks]
[Pahang 2016, No 3]
3. Diagram 3 shows some of the elements in the periodic table of elements.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur-unsur kala 3 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Na Mg Al Cl Ar
Diagram 3/ Rajah 3
(a) Based on Diagram 3, answer the following question.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan berikut:
(i) State group of Cl in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur Cl dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State which element that exists as a metal
Nyatakan unsur manakah yang wujud sebagai logam.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State which element formed an amphoteric oxide.

Nyatakan unsur manakah yang membentuk oksida amfoterik
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on answer in (b)(i), write the formula for the compound formed.
Berdasarkan jawapan di (b)(i), tuliskan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Element Mg and Cl can react to form a compound.

Unsur Mg dan Cl boleh bertindak balas membentuk satu sebatian.
(i) Write the chemical formula of the compound formed.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how the compound in (c)(i) formed.

Terangkan bagaimana pembentukan sebatian (c)(i) terhasil.
Mg = ................................................................................................................................
Cl = ................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.
Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk
[2 marks]
(iv) State one physical properties of these compounds.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian ini.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
4. Diagram 4 shows the position of several elements Q, R, S, T, U, W and X.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan kedudukan beberapa unsur-unsur Q, R, S, T, U, W dan X.
Q R
S T
U W
X
Diagram 4/Rajah 4
Based on Diagram 4:
Berdasarkan Rajah 4:
(a) State on element that is halogen.

Nyatakan satu unsur halogen.
…...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State one element that is monoatomic.

Nyatakan satu unsur monoatom.
…...…..………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Why does the element in b (i) exist as monoatomic?

Mengapakah unsur dalam b(i) wujud sebagai monoatom?
…...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………
…...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Identify the element that reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas.
Kenal pasti unsur yang bertindak balas dengan air untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen.
…...…..………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in c(i).
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas di c(i).
…...…..………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 mark]
(d) Identify the element that can forms a coloured solution when dissolved in water.
Kenal pasti unsur yang menghasilkan larutan yang berwarna apabila dilarutkan dalam air.
…...…..………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(e) Gas Q Gas R
 light / ringan  light / ringan

 flammable / mudah terbakar  not reactive / tidak reaktif
 colourless / tidak berwarna  colourless / tidak berwarna
-
Based on the above information, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological
balloons? Give one reason.
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, gas yang manakah lebih sesuai digunakan dalam belon kaji
cuaca?Berikan satu sebab.
…...…..………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
Chapter 5 : Chemical Bonds
4 (a) Diagram 4 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule.

N and H are symbols of two elements.
Diagram 4 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi satu molekul.
N dan H adalah simbol bagi dua unsur.
Diagram 4/Rajah 4
Based on Diagram 4,
Berdasarkan Rajah 4,
(i) state the type of bond in the molecule.

nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam molekul itu.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) state the name of the molecule.
nyatakan nama bagi molekul itu.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]
(iii) Write the electron arrangement of nitrogen atom and hidrogen atom before the bonding
formed.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom nitrogen dan atom hidrogen sebelum ikatan
terbentuk.
Nitrogen : ………………………………………………………………………
Nitrogen
Hydrogen : ………………………………………………………………………
Hidrogen
[2 marks / markah]
(b) Table 4 shows the electron arrangement of sodium and chlorine.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi natrium dan klorin.
Element Electron arrangement

Unsur Susunan elektron
Sodium
2.8.1
Natrium
Chlorine
2.8.7
Klorin
Table 4/ Jadual 4
(i) Write the formula for the compound formed between sodium atom and chlorine atom.
Tuliskan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara atom natrium dan atom klorin.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]
(iii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
[2 marks / markah]
(iii) Based on b(ii), explain how the compound is formed.

Berdasarkan b(ii), terangkan bagaimana sebatian itu terbentuk.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks / markah]
(iv) State one physical property of the compound formed.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark /1 markah]
[Kedah 2016, No 3]
3 Diagram 3 shows standard representation of element X, Y and Z.

Rajah3 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi unsur X, Y dan Z.
23 12 16
11𝑋 6𝑌 8𝑍
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
Based on Diagram 3, answer the following questions:

Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:
(a) (i) State the valence electron of element Y.

Nyatakan elektron valen bagi unsur Y.
....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the physical state of element Y at room temperature?

Apakah keadaan fizik unsur Ypada suhu bilik?
....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Element Y and element Z can react to form a compound.

Unsur Y dan unsur Z boleh bertindakbalas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian.
(i) Write the formula of the compound.

Tuliskan formula sebatian itu.
....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain the melting point and boiling point of the compound.
Terangkan tentang takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian itu.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(c) Element X and element Z can react to form a compound.

Unsur X dan unsur Z boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian.
(i) Write chemical equation for the reaction between element X and Z.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara unsur X dan Z.
.................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian itu.
[2 marks]
Chapter 6 : Electrochemistry
5 Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using carbon
electrodes.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida dengan menggunakan
elektrod karbon.
Carbon electrode M Carbon electrode N

Elektrod karbon M Elektrod karbon N
0.0005 mol dm-3sodium chloride solution

Larutan natrium klorida, 0.0005 mol dm-3
Diagram 5/Rajah 5
(a) Label the anode in Diagram 5.

Labelkan anod dalam Rajah 5.
……………………………………………………………………………………….….
[1 mark/ markah]
(b) Write the formulae of all the ions present in the electrolyte.
Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam elektrolit itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark / markah]
(c) (i) State the name of the ions that is selectively discharge at electrode M.
Nyatakan namakan ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcaskan di elektrod M.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) State the name of the gas collected in the test tube at electrode M.
Namakan gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji pada elektrod M.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(iii) Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode M.

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod M.
..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks / markah]
(vi) Describe briefly the chemical test to confirm the product at electrode M.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil di elektrod M.
…………..............................................................................................................
…………..............................................................................................................
[2 marks / markah]
(d) If 0.0005 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution is replaced with 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride
solution.
Jika larutan natrium klorida 0.0005 mol dm-3 digantikan dengan larutan natrium klorida 1.0
mol dm-3.
(i) State the observation at electrode N.

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod N.
………....................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (d)(i).
….........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks / markah]
5 Diagram 5 shows two electrolytic cells with different concentration of sodium chloride solution as the
electrolyte.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua sel elektrolisis dengan larutan natrium klorida sebagai elektrolit.
1.0 mol dm-3

0.001 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride
Carbon electrode solution
Sodium chloride
Elektrod karbon Larutan natrium
solution
Larutan natrium klorida
klorida 1.0 mol dm-3
0.001 mol dm-3
Cell I Cell II
Diagram 5/Rajah 5
(a) Write the formula of all anions and cations present in sodium chloride solution.
Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion dan kation yang terdapat dalam larutan natrium klorida.
Anions : ............................................... Cations : ...................................................

Anion Kation
[2 marks]
(b) Based on Cell I and Cell II in Diagram 5,

Berdasarkan Sel I dan Sel II dalam Rajah 5,
(i) Name the product formed at the anode.

Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod.
Cell I : ........................................................................
Sel I
Cell II : .........................................................................
Sel II
[2 marks]
(ii) Write the half equations for the reactions at the anode.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di anod.
Cell I : ......................................................................
Sel I
Cell II : ......................................................................
Sel II
[2 marks]
(c) A colourless gas is produced at the cathode of Cell II and the gas is collected in a test tube.
Describe one chemical test to identify the gas produced.
Gas tanpa warna yang terhasil di katod dalam Sel II telah dikumpulkan dalam sebuah tabung uji.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas itu.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) A voltaic cell can generate electricity.

By choosing any two metal strips given in the box, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus set-up of a
voltaic cell that can produce the highest voltage.
Sel voltan boleh menghasilkan arus elektrik.
Dengan memilih mana-mana dua kepingan logam yang diberi dalam kotak, lukiskan satu rajah
berlabel bagi susunan radas sel voltan bagi menghasilkan voltan paling tinggi.
Magnesium strip Copper strip Silver strip

Kepingan Magnesium Kepingan Kuprum Kepingan Argentum
[2 marks]
[MRSM 2016, No 4]
4 Diagram 4.1 shows two metals inserted in a potato that contains phosphoric acid, H3PO4. A student found that the light
emitting diode (LED) bulb is lighted.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua logam yang dimasukkan ke dalam kentang yang mengandungi asid fosforik, H3PO4. Seorang
pelajar mendapati mentol diod pemancar cahaya (LED) tersebut menyala.
Magnesium Iron
Magnesium Ferum
(a) Name the type of cell in Diagram 4.1.

Namakan jenis sel dalam Rajah 4.1.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) State the energy conversion that occur in the cell stated in (a).
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel yang dinyatakan di (a).
………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….………..
[1 mark]
(c) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at positive terminal.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku di terminal positif.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(d) If the experiment is repeated by using a series circuit containing three potatoes, suggest the suitable apparatus to
replace LED to show electrical conductivity.
Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan litar sesiri mengandungi tiga biji kentang, cadangkan radas yang sesuai untuk
menggantikan LED bagi menunjukkan kekonduksian elektrik.
………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….………..
[1 mark]
(e) A teacher asks the students to modify the above cell to produce brighter LED light as shown in Diagram 4.2.
Seorang guru mengarahkan pelajar-pelajarnya untuk mengubahsuai sel di atas supaya cahaya LED yang terhasil
lebih terang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2
Magnesium Metal X
Magnesium Logam X
(i) State one example of metal X.

Nyatakan satu contoh logam X.
………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in e(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di e(i).
………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….………..
[1 mark]
(f) (i) Suggest a fruit that can be used to replace potato to make the bulb lights up.
Cadangkan sejenis buah yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan kentang bagi menyalakan mentol.
………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in f(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di f(i).
………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
[SBP 2016, No 3]
3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to purify the impure copper metal by using electrolysis process.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk menulenkan logam kuprum tak tulen dengan menggunakan
kaedah elektrolisis.
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
(a) What is the function of cell Q?
Apakah fungsi sel Q?
…………………………………………………………………………….………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) Suggest a substance that can be used as

Cadangkan bahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai
Electrode X/ Elektrod X: …………….……………………………………………………….……
Solution Y/ Larutan Y: …………....……………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]
(c) At cell Q, there are colourless gas bubbles produce at electrode X.

Pada sel Q, terdapat gelembung-gelembung gas tidak berwarna terbebas di elektrod X.
i. Write the half equation for the formation of the gas.

Tulis persamaan setengah untuk pembentukan gas tersebut.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
ii. Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the gas produced.

Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas yang terhasil.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Alloy of copper is harder than pure copper.
Aloi kuprum lebih keras daripada kuprum tulen.
i. Draw the arrangement of atoms in the alloy of copper.

Lukis gambarajah susunan atom di dalam aloi kuprum.
[2 marks]
ii. Explain the hardness of the alloy.
Terangkan kekerasan aloi itu.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
Chapter 7 : Asid and Bases
[SPM 2016, No 5]
5. Table 5 shows the information about acids X and Y.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai asid X dan asid Y.
Acid X Acid Y
Asid X Asid Y
 Use in making fruit pickles  Use in lead-acid accumulator
Digunakan dalam pembuatan Digunakan dalam akumultor
jeruk buah asid-plumbum
 Monoprotic acid  Diprotic acid

Asid monoprotik Asid diprotik
 pH = 4.8  pH = 1.0
Table 5/ Jadual 5
(a) State the meaning of acid.
Nyatakan maksud asid.
..................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the name of acids.

Nyatakan nama bagi asid itu.
Acid X : ....................................... Acid Y :....................................................
Asid X Asid Y
[2 marks]
(c) Both acids X and Y have the same concentration. Explain why the pH values for both acids in Table 5
are different.
Kedua dua asid X dan asid Y mempunyai kepekatan yang sama. Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH bagi kedua-
dua asid dalam Jadual 5 adalah berbeza.
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) When 0.5 mol zinc carbonate is added into excess acid Y, effervescence occurs;
Apabila 0.5 mol zink karbonat ditambah ke dalam asid Y yang berlebihan, pembuakan berlaku;
(i) By using acid Y that stated in 5(b), write a chemical equation for the reaction.
Dengan menggunakan asid Y yang dinyatakan di 5(b), tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas
itu.
........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the volume of gas produced at room condition.
[Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24 dm3 mol-1]
Hitung isipadu gas yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik.
[Isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik= 24 dm3 mol-1]
[2 marks]
(iii) Describe a chemical test to identify the gas produced.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenal pasti gas yang terhasil.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
6 (a) Table 6 shows the concentration of nitric acid and ethanoic acid.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan kepekatan asid nitrik dan asid etanoik.
Acid Concentration (mol dm-3)

Asid Kepekatan (mol dm-3)
Nitric acid
0.100
Asid nitrik
Ethanoic acid
0.100
Asid etanoik
Table 6/Jadual 6
(i) Which acid gives a higher pH value.

Asid yang manakah memberikan nilai pH yang lebih tinggi.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in a(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i).
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / markah]
(b) 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is put into a conical flask. Then a few drops
of phenolphthalein solution is added. This solution is titrated with nitric acid.
25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kon. Kemudian
beberapa titis larutan fenoltalein ditambah. Larutan dititratkan dengan asid nitrik.
(i) State the type of reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and nitric acid solution.
Nyatakan jenis tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan larutan asid
nitrik.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) What is the colour change of the mixture in the conical flask at the end point?
Apakah perubahan warna campuran di dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir?
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(iv) Calculate the volume of nitric acid used.
Hitungkan isi padu asid nitrik yang digunakan.
[2 marks / markah]
(v) The experiment is repeated using sulphuric acid of the same concentration to replace
nitric acid. What is the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralize sodium hydroxide
solution completely? Explain your answer.
Experimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik pada kepekatan yang sama
bagi menggantikan asid nitrik
Apakah isi padu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan larutan natrium
hidroksida dengan lengkap? Terangkan jawapan anda.
........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………….……
[3 marks / markah]
5 Table 5 shows the information about four solutions; P, Q, R and S.

P, Q, R and S may be acid or alkali.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat tentang empat larutan P, Q, R dan S.
Larutan P, Q, R dan S mungkin asid atau alkali.
Solution Information pH value

Larutan Maklumat Nilai pH
Ionised completely in water

P 2
Mengion lengkap dalam air
Ionised partially in water

Q 6
Mengion separa lengkap dalam air
Ionised completely in water

R 13
Mengion lengkap dalam air
Ionised partially in water

S 8
Mengion separa lengkap dalam air
Table 5 / Jadual 5
(a) State the meaning of alkali.
Nyatakan maksud alkali.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Table 5, state the
Berdasarkan Jadual 5, nyatakan
(i) strong alkali / alkali kuat : ………………………………………………….……...
(ii) weak acid / asid lemah : ……………………………………………………….....

[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 5.1 shows a bottle of powder malic acid.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebotol serbuk asid malik.
Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1
Malic acid is a weak acid which is found naturally in green apples and in a wide variety of
unripe fruits.
Asid malik merupakan suatu asid lemah yang wujud secara semula jadi dalam epal hijau
dan juga dalam pelbagai jenis buah-buahan yang belum masak.
Describe a chemical test to prove that the malic acid is an acid.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membuktikan bahawa asid malik merupakan suatu asid.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[3 marks]
(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a volumetric flask containing 500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution. This solution is known as a standard solution.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebuah kelalang volumetrik yang mengandungi 500 cm3 larutan
natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3. Larutan ini dikenali sebagai larutan piawai.
Graduation mark
Tanda senggatan
500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3

sodium hydroxide solution
500 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3
(i) To prepare the standard solution in Diagram 5.2, a student added x g of solid sodium
hydroxide into a 500 cm3 volumetric flask. Then, distilled water is added until
graduation mark is reached. Calculate the value of x.
Untuk menyediakan larutan piawai seperti dalam Rajah 5.2, seorang pelajar telah
menambahkan x g pepejal natrium hidroksida ke dalam sebuah kelalang volumetrik 500
cm3. Kemudian, air suling ditambahkan sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan.
Hitungkan nilai x.
[Molar mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH = 40]
[Jisim molar bagi natrium hidroksida, NaOH = 40]
[2 marks]
(ii) The standard solution in Diagram 5.2 is used to determine the concentration of a
sample of sulphuric acid by titration method.
Diagram 5.3 shows the apparatus set-up used.
Larutan piawai dalam Rajah 5.2 digunakan untuk menentukan kepekatan satu contoh
asid sulfurik menggunakan kaedah pentitratan.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas yang digunakan.
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution

+ phenolphthalein indicator
50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3
+ penunjuk fenolftalein
Complete neutralisation of 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution
required 25.0 cm3 of the sulphuric acid.
Peneutralan lengkap 50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 memerlukan
25.0 cm3 asid sulfurik.
Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid in mol dm-3.

Hitungkan kepekatan asid sulfurik tersebut dalam mol dm-3.
[3 marks]
4 (a) Table 4 shows the pH value of different concentration of ethanoic acid solutions.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan asid etanoik dalam kepekatan yang berbeza.
Set Concentration (mol dm-3) pH value

Set Kepekatan, (mol dm-3) Nilai pH
I 0.1 3
II 0.01 4
Table 4 /Jadual 4
(i) Draw the structural formula of ethanoic acid.

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi asid etanoik.
[1 mark]
(ii) The pH values of ethanoic acid in set I and set II are different. Give a reason.
Nilai pH asid etanoik di dalam set I dan set II adalah berbeza. Berikan satu alasan.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 4 shows the series of reactions involving ammonia.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas yang melibatkan ammonia.
+ Solvent X
Ammonia + Pelarut X Solution P
Ammonia Larutan P
Process Y + Nitric acid

Proses Y + Asid nitrik
Solution Q
Larutan Q
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4
(i) Write the chemical formula of ammonia.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi ammonia.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the type of particles in ammonia.

Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam ammonia.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Solution P change red litmus paper to blue. State the particle that cause the changes.
Larutan P menukarkan kertas litmus merah ke biru.
Nyatakan zarah yang menyebabkan perubahan itu.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction between solution P and nitric acid.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara larutan P dengan asid nitrik.
.........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(v) Name process Y.
Namakan proses Y.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(vi) Describe briefly how to confirm the present of anion in solution Q.

Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan anion yang terdapat di dalam
larutan Q.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[Kedah 2016, No 4]
4. Diagram 4.1 shows the reading of pH meter, dipped into acid solutions P, Q, R and S.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan bacaan meter pH, yang dicelup ke dalam larutan asid P, Q, R dan S.
pH1.0 pH2.0 pH3.0 pH4.0
Solution P Solution Q Solution R Solution S

Larutan P Larutan Q Larutan R Larutan S

(a) State the meaning of acid.
Nyatakan maksud asid.
..................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Which of the solutions has the lowest degree of ionisation?

Larutan yang manakah mempunyai darjah pengionan yang terendah?
..................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Solution P, Q, R and S have different pH values.

Larutan P, Q, R dan S mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.
(i) Which solution is a strong acid?

Larutan manakah adalah suatu asid kuat?
........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on the concentration of hydrogen ion, explain your answer in c(i).
Berdasarkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(i).
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Diagram 4.2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the end point of neutralisation between 1.0
moldm-3 sulphuric acid added to 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
The ammeter readings are recorded for each 5cm3 addition of sulphuric acid.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat akhir peneutralan antara asid sulfurik
1.0 mol dm-3yang ditambahkan ke dalam 20 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida.
Bacaan ammeter direkodkan setiap kali 5 cm3asid sulfurik ditambahkan.
1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik 1.0 moldm-3
A
20 cm3 natrium hydroxide solution
Carbon electrodes 20 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida
Elektrod-elektrod karbon

A graph of the ammeter readings versus the volumes of sulphuric acid is as shown in Diagram 4.2.
Graf bacaan ammeter melawan isi padu asid sulfurik ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2.
Ammeter reading (A)

Bacaan ammeter (A)
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Volume of sulphuric acid (cm3)

Isipadu asid sulfurik(cm3)
(i) Based on Diagram 4.3, determine the volume of sulphuric acid needed when the end point is
achieved.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, tentukan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan apabila takat akhir
dicapai.
.........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution.

Hitungkan kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida.
[3 marks]
[MRSM 2016, No 3]
3 Table 3 shows the information of two substances; E and F.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua bahan; E dan F.
Substance E F
Bahan
As food flavouring and As electrolyte in car battery.

preservative. Sebagai elektrolit dalam bateri
Sebagai perisa dan pengawet kereta.
makanan.
Uses
Kegunaan
Table 3/ Jadual 3
(a) (i) State the ion that causes the acidic properties of E and F.
Nyatakan ion yang menyebabkan sifat keasidan bagi E dan F.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) State one example for substance E and F.

Nyatakan satu contoh bahan E dan F.
E: ………….…………………………….… F : …………….………..………….……
[2 marks]
(iii) At the same concentration, pH value of E is higher than F. Explain why?

Pada kepekatan yang sama, nilai pH bagi E adalah lebih tinggi daripada F. Jelaskan mengapa?
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iv) Describe a chemical test to verify substance F.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan bahan F.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) The chemical equation for the reaction between acid H2X and zinc carbonate powder is as
follows:
Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di antara asid H2X dan serbuk zink karbonat adalah seperti
berikut:
H2X + ZnCO3 → ZnX + CO2 + H2O
Acid H2X reacts with zinc carbonate to produce 448 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas at standard
temperature and pressure. Calculate the mass of zinc carbonate used in this reaction.
[Relative atomic mass; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Molar volume of gas = 22.4 dm3 mol-1]
Asid H2X bertindak balas dengan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan 448 cm3 gas karbon dioksida
pada suhu dan tekanan piawai. Kira jisim zink karbonat yang digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.
[Jisim atom relatif; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Isipadu molar gas = 22.4 dm3mol-1]
[3 marks]
4. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH values of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with the same
concentration.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik dengan kepekatan yang
sama.
pH meter
Meter pH
1.0 5.0
(i) Which of the acid in Diagram 4.1 is a weak acid?

Asid yang manakah di dalam Rajah 4.1 adalah asid lemah?
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain why hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with same concentration has
different pH value?
Terangkan mengapa asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik dengan kepekatan yang
sama mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza?
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows the steps in preparing the standard solution of 0.4 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide, NaOH.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah penyediaan larutan piawai natrium hidroksida,
NaOH 0.4 mol dm-3.
Distilled water Volumetric

Air suling Sodium flask
hydroxside Kelalang
Natrium volumetrik
hidroksida
Step I Step II Step III Step IV
Langkah I Langkah II Langkah III Langkah IV
(i) What is the meaning of standard solution?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan larutan piawai?
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Why the standard solution of sodium hydroxide is prepared in the volumetric
flask?
Mengapakah larutan piawai natrium hidroksida disediakan dalam kelalang
volumetrik?
…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii) After all the sodium hydroxide solution in step II is poured into the volumetric
flask, the beaker, glass rod and the filter funnel must be rinsed with distilled water
and transferred into the volumetric flask.
Give a reason.
Selepas semua larutan natrium hidroksida dalam langkah II dituangkan ke dalam
kelalang volumetrik, bikar, rod kaca dan corong turas perlu dibilas dengan air
suling dan dipindahkan ke dalam kelalang volumetrik. Berikan satu sebab.
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole
(n), molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
Tulis rumus yang mewakili hubungan antara bilangan mol(n), kemolaran(M)
dan isipadu (V) bagi larutan itu.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(v) Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide needed to prepare 0.4 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide solution in 250 cm3 volumetric flask
[Given that the relative molecular mass of NaOH = 40 g mol-1]
Hitungkan jisim natrium hidroksida yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 0.4 mol
dm-3 larutan natrium hidroksida di dalam kelalang volumetrik 250 cm3.
[Diberi jisim molekul relatif NaOH = 40 g mol-1]
[2 marks]
[Pahang 2016, No 4]
4. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH value of hydrochloric acid and acid X of the same molarity.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid X yang mempunyai kemolaran yang
sama.
1.0 Hydrochloric acid 4.0 Acid X

Asid hidroklorik Asid X
Beaker M Beaker N
Bikar M Bikar N
(i) Based on the information in Diagram 4.1, suggest acid X.

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 4.1, cadangkan asid X.
................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
(ii) Explain why the pH value of aqueous solution of acid X is higher than the pH value of
hydrochloric acid
Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH larutan akueus asid X lebih tinggi berbanding nilai pH asid
hidroklorik.
................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) When water is added into beaker M, what happen to the pH value of the hydrochloric acid?
Give reason to your answer.
Apabila air ditambahkan ke dalam bikar M, apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai pH
asid hidroklorik? Berikan alasan anda.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows the steps involved in the preparation of a standard solution X.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan larutan piawai X.
Calculate the mass of X solute needed

Hitung jisim bahan terlarut X yang diperlukan
Weight out the exact mass of X solute needed

Timbang jisim bahan terlarut X dengan tepat
Dissolve the solute X in a small amount of distilled water

Larutkan bahan terlarut X ke dalam sejumlah kecil air suling
Transfer the dissolved X solute into a suitable volumetric flask

Pindahkan larutan X ke dalam kelalang volumetrik yang bersesuaian
Add enough water until reach graduation mark.

Tambah air sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan.
Standard solution X
Larutan piawai X
(i) State the meaning of standard solution
Nyatakan maksud larutan piawai.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) The concentration of standard solution X produced is 1.0 mol dm-3. By using the standard
solution produced, Nazmi need to prepare solution X with a lower concentration. Name the
method used to prepare a solution with lower concentration.
Kepekatan larutan piawai X yang terhasil adalah 1.0 mol dm-3. Dengan menggunakan
larutan piawai yang dihasilkan, Nazmi perlu menyediakan larutan X dengan kepekatan yang
lebih rendah. Namakan kaedah yang perlu digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan dengan
kepekatan yang lebih rendah.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used to prepare standard solution rather than
a beaker. Why?
Kelalang volumetric lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan piawai
berbanding bikar. Mengapa?
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4 needed to prepare 100 cm3 of
1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
Hitung isipadu 2.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4 yang diperlukan untuk
menyediakan 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4.
[2 marks]
Chapter 8 : Salts
[SPM 2016, No 6]
6 Shell of snails, cockles and oysters contain a chemical substance called calcium carbonate salt.
Cengkerang bagi siput, kerrang dan tiram mengandungi bahan kimia yang dikenali sebagai garam
kalsium karbonat.
(a) (i) State the type of salt in terms of solubility.

Nyatakan jenis garam itu dari segi keterlarutan.
............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Calcium carbonate can be prepared through double decomposition reaction in the
laboratory. Suggest two chemical substances that can be used to prepare the salt.
Kalsium karbonat boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda dua dalam
makmal. Cadangkan dua bahan kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan garam
itu.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) By using the suggested chemical substances in 6(a)(ii), write a chemical equation for the
reaction.
Dengan menggunakan bahan kimia yang telah dicadangkan di 6(a)(ii), tulis
persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) You are given salt Z which releases colured gas P and oxygen gas when heated. The salt also
dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of Z as shown in Diagram 6.
Anda diberi garam Z yang membebaskan gas P yang berwarna dan gas oksigen apabila
dipanaskan. Garam ini juga larut dalam air untuk membentuk larutan akueus Z seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.
Diagram 6/ Rajah 6
(i) State the observation when gas P is tested with moist litmus paper.
Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila gas P diuji dengan kertas litmus lembap.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the anion present in the aqueous solution of Z.

Nyatakan anion yang hadir dalam larutan akueus Z.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) As a chemistry student, explain how would you verify the anion mentioned in 6(b)(ii).
Sebagai seorang pelajar kimia, terangkan bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan anion
yang dinyatakan di 6(b)(ii).
........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………….……
[4 marks]
5. Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus for the preparation of iron(II) chloride when excess
iron(II) oxide powder is added into hydrochloric acid.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan ferum(II) klorida apabila serbuk ferum(II)
oksida berlebihan ditambahkan kepada asid hidroklorik.
Salt solution
Iron(II) chloride solution
hydrochloric acid Larutan
Asid hidroklorik Larutangaram
ferum(II) klorida
Excess Iron(II) oxide
Iron(II) oxide Ferum(II )oksida
Ferum(II) oksida berlebihan
Crystal
Iron(II) of salt crystal
chloride
Hablur garam
Hablur ferum(II) klorida
Heat
Heat Heat
Panaskan
Panaskan
Heat Panaskan
Panaskan
Iron(II) chloride solution
Larutan ferum(II) klorida Diagram 5
Rajah 5
(a) (i) State the colour of iron(II) chloride solution.

Nyatakan warna larutan ferum(II) klorida.
…………………………………………………………….............……
[1 mark]
(ii) State a reason why iron(II) oxide powder is added until excess.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa serbuk ferum(II) oksida ditambah sehingga
berlebihan.
………………………………………………………………...........……
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the chemical equation between iron(II) oxide and hydrochloric acid.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi ferum(II) oksida dan asid hidroklorik.
……………………………………………………….................………
[2 marks]
(iv) Can iron powder replace iron(II) oxide in the experiment?

Bolehkah serbuk ferum digunakan untuk menggantikan ferum (II) oksida dalam
eksperiment ini?
……………………………………………………………...…............…
[1 mark]
(b) State a chemical test to verify the present of chloride ion.

Nyatakan ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan kehadiran ion klorida.
………………………………………………………………….....................
………………………………………………………………….....................
………………………………………………………............................……
[2 marks]
(c) Iron (II) chloride produced from the experiment react with substance X to form iron(II)
carbonate salt.
Ferum(II) klorida yang dihasilkan daripada eksperimen itu ditindak balaskan dengan
bahan X untuk menghasilkan garam ferum(II) karbonat.
(i) Suggest substance X

Cadangkan bahan X.
…………………………………………………………………...............
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the types of reaction involved.
Namakan jenis tindak balas yang terlibat.
…………………………………………………………………...............
[1 mark]
(iii) Briefly describe how to prepare iron(II) carbonate salt.

Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana menyediakan garam ferum(II) karbonat.
…………………………………………………………………...............
…………………………………………………………………...............
…………………………………………………………………...............
[2 mark]
[Pahang 2016, No 5]
5. Diagram 5 shows a flowchart for the formation of precipitate V and solution W.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penghasilan mendakan V dan larutan W.
Lead(II) nitrate solution

Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
Reaction M
Tindak balas M Precipitate V Solution W
+
Mendakan V Larutan W
Sodium chloride solution

Larutan natrium klorida
Diagram 5/ Rajah 5
(a) Identify precipitate V and solution W.

Kenal pasti mendakan V dan larutan W.
Precipitate V :...………………………………………………………………………
Mendakan V
Solution W :……………………………………..…………………………………….
Larutan W
[2 marks]
(b) (i) State the name of reaction M.
Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas M.
...…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for reaction M.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas M.
….…………..……………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the mass of precipitate V formed in the reaction if 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II)
nitrate solution is used. [Relative atomic mass : Cl=35 ; Pb=207]
Hitungkan jisim mendakan V yang terbentuk di dalam tindak balas itu jika 50 cm3 larutan
plumbum (II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 digunakan. [Jisim atom relatif Cl=35; Pb=207]
[2 marks]
(d) Describe briefly chemical test to verify the anion in solution W.

Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk menentusah anion dalam larutan W.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]
(d) If sodium chloride solution is replaced with potassium chloride solution of the same volume and
concentration, predict the mass of the precipitate formed.
Jika larutan natrium klorida digantikan dengan larutan kalium klorida yang sama isipadu dan
kepekatannya ramalkan jisim mendakan terbentuk.
..………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
[Perlis 2016, No 6]
6 Diagram 6 shows the conversion of lead(II) nitrate.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan pertukaran bagi plumbum(II) nitrat.
I
Lead(II) nitrate solution Solid salt P
Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat Na2CO3 solution Pepejal garam P
Larutan Na2CO3
Heated
II Dipanaskan
Solid Q Gas R
Pepejal Q + Gas R
Diagram 6/Rajah 6
(a) (i) Write the chemical formulae of lead(II) nitrate.

Tuliskan formula kimia untuk plumbum(II) nitrat.
…………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of reaction I

Nyatakan nama tindak balas I
……………………………………………
[2 marks]
(b) Based on Diagram 6, identify salt P, solid Q and gas R.

Berdasarkan Rajah 6, kenal pasti garam P, pepejal Q dan gas R.
P: ………………………………………………..
Q: ……………………………………………….
R: ……………………………………………….
[3 marks]
(c) State the colour of solid Q.

Nyatakan warna pepejal Q.
………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) (i) Draw a labelled diagram for heating solid salt P in Reaction II.
Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel untuk pemanasan pepejal garam P dalam
tindak balas II.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for reaction (d)(i).

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (d)(i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(e) Marina has heated 2.67 g salt P in the laboratory.

Calculate volume of gas R released at room condition.
[Molar mass solid salt P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
Marina telah memanaskan 2.67 g garam P dalam makmal.
Hitungkan isipadu gas R yang dibebaskan dalam keadaan bilik.
[Jisim molar pepejal garam P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
[2 marks]
[SBP 2016, No 4]
4 Diagram 4 shows three types of salt that is commonly found in school laboratories and widely
used in various industries.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga jenis garam yang biasa dijumpai di makmal sekolah dan banyak digunakan
dalam pelbagai industri.
Magnesium nitrate Lead(II) carbonate Copper(II) sulphate

Magnesium nitrat Plumbum(II) karbonat Kuprum(II) sulfat
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4
Based on Diagram 4;
Berdasarkan Rajah 4;
a) (i) State the name of one soluble salt.
Nyatakan nama satu garam terlarutkan.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical formula of the salt.

Tuliskan formula kimia garam tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii) What is the colour of the solid salt mention in (a)(i)?
Apakah warna garam pepejal yang dinyatakan dalam (a)(i)?
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b) 26.7 g of the carbonate salt was decomposed when strongly heated.

26.7 g garam karbonat tersebut telah terurai apabila di panaskan dengan kuat.
(i) What can be observed after solid carbonate salt is heated?

Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan selepas pepejal garam karbonat dipanaskan?
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the decomposition process occurred.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk menunjukkan proses penguraian yang
berlaku.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii) Determine the maximum volume of gas released from the decomposition process.
Tentukan isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas daripada proses penguraian ini.
[Relative atomic mass: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room
conditions]
[Jisim atom relatif: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada
keadaan bilik]
[2 marks]
c) Describe briefly how you can verify the present of anion in the sulphate salt.
Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan kehadiran anion di dalam
garam sulfat tersebut.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
Chapter 9 : Manufactured Substances In Industries
1 Diagram 1 show stages of chemical reactions that involved in the Process Y in producing of
sulphuric acid.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat tindakbalas kimia yang terlibat dalam Proses Y bagi
penghasilan asid sulfurik.
Stage 1 / Peringkat 1 :
S + O2 → SO2
2SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3
SO3 + ……………… → H2S2O7
H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) (i) State the name of process Y

Nyatakan nama bagi proses Y.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Complete the chemical equation for Stage 3 in the Diagram 1.

Lengkapkan persamaan kimia untuk Peringkat 3 dalam Rajah 1.
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State one substance from Process Y that gives the effect to environment.
Nyatakan satu bahan daripada Proses Y yang memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how the substance that you have stated in question (b) (i) can pollute the
environment.
Terangkan bagaimana bahan yang anda nyatakan dalam soalan b(i) boleh
mencemarkan alam sekitar.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(c) Fertilizer ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 can be produced from sulphuric acid.
Baja ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 boleh dihasilkan daripada asid sulfurik.
(i) State the chemical formula of substance that added to sulphuric acid to produced
ammonium sulphate.
Nyatakan formula kimia bahan yang ditambah kepada asid sulfurik untuk
menghasilkan ammonium sulfat.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Urea, (NH2)2CO and ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 are two types of fertilizer.
Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in both fertilizers. Then, which substance
is a better fertilizer for the growth of plants.
[Relative atomic mass : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]
Urea, (NH2)2CO dan ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 merupakan dua jenis baja.
Hitungkan peratus nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi kedua-dua baja tersebut. Seterusnya,
tentukan baja yang lebih baik bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
[Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]
% nitrogen by mass of urea % nitrogen by mass of ammonium sulphate

% nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi urea % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi ammonium sulfat
Better fertilizer :
Baja terbaik : …………………………………………....................................
[3 marks]
[SPM 2016, No 2]
(a) Sofa is covered by a material that contains polymer X which consist of basic units. The structural
formula for polymer X is shown in Diagram 2.1.
Sofa dibalut dengan dengan bahan yang mengandungi polimer X yang terdiri daripada unit asas.
Formula struktur bagi polimer X ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
(i) What is the meaning of polymer?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name of the basic unit that forms polymer X.
Nyatakan nama bagi unit asas yang membentuk polimer X.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Chlorine, Cl in polymer X as shown in Diagram 2.1 is replaced with methyl, CH3 to form polymer
Y.
Klorin, Cl dalam polimer X seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1 digantikan dengan metil,
CH3 untuk membentuk polimer Y.
(i) Draw the structural formula for the basic unit of polymer Y.
Lukis formula struktur bagi unit asas polimer Y.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name of polymer Y.

Nyatakan nama bagi polimer Y.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State one similarity and one difference between the structural formulae of polymer Y and its
basic unit in 2(b)(i).
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula struktur bagi polimer Y and
unit asasnya di 2(b)(i).
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c)
One of the uses of polymer is to make plastic bottle. Improper disposal of plastic bottles can cause
pollution. Based on Diagram 2.2 and the pollution issue, faced by our nation, justify the use of
polymer.
Salah satu penggunaan polimer adalah mebuat botol plastik. Pelupusan botol plastic yang tidak
terurus boleh menyebabkan pencemaran. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2 dan isu pencemaran, yang dihadapi
oleh negara kita, wajarkan penggunaan polimer.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
Diagram 1.1 shows one of the uses of synthetic polymer and its structural formula.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan salah satu kegunaan polimer sintetik dan formula strukturnya.
Polymer X
Polimer X
(a) (i) State the meaning of polymer.

Nyatakan maksud polimer.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name polymer X.

Nyatakan nama polimer X.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of the monomer of polymer X.

Lukiskan formula struktur monomer bagi polimer X.
[1 mark]
(iv) State one advantage of using X as water pipes compared to metal pipes.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan menggunakan X sebagai paip air berbanding paip logam.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Borosilicate glass is one type of glass that is widely use.

Kaca borosilikat merupakan salah satu jenis kaca yang banyak digunakan.
(i) State the main component of the glass.

Nyatakan komponen utama kaca itu.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State one main characteristics of the borosilicate glass.
Nyatakan satu sifat utama kaca borosilikat.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State one use of the borosilicate glass in daily life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan kaca borosilikat di dalam kehidupan seharian.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows a helmet that is wear by motorist for their safety.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sebuah topi keledar yang digunakan oleh penunggang motosikal untuk
keselamatan mereka.
Material Y
Bahan Y
Material Y is made up from the mixture of glass and plastic.

Bahan Y diperbuat daripada campuran kaca dan plastik.
(i) State the name of material Y.

Nyatakan nama bahan Y.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State one advantage of material Y compared to borosilicate glass.

Nyatakan kelebihan bahan Y berbanding kaca borosilikat.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[MRSM 2016, No 2]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows three examples of manufactured substances in industry

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan tiga contoh bahan buatan untuk industri.
(a) R is an example of alloy. What is the meaning of alloy?

R merupakan contoh aloi. Apakah maksud aloi?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) Name the major component for the following substances:

Namakan komponen utama untuk bahan-bahan berikut:
Q: ………….…………………………….… R : …………….………..………….……
[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 2.2 shows a part of the structure of P.

Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sebahagian struktur P.
(i) Draw the structural formula for monomer.

Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi P.
[1 mark]
(ii) Substance P is often used as a water pipe.

State one advantage of this type of pipe compared to iron pipe.
Bahan P selalu digunakan sebagai paip air.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan paip jenis ini berbanding dengan paip besi.
………….………….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
1. Diagram 1 shows the production of compound M.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan penghasilan bahan M.
Process X Sulphuric acid

Proses X Asid sulfurik
Compound M
Bahan M
Haber Process Compound L
Proses Haber Bahan L
Diagram 1/Rajah 1
(a) (i) Name process X.

Namakan proses X.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) In process X, the catalyst and high temperature is used to increase the rate of reaction. State
the catalyst and the temperature used.
Dalam proses X, mangkin dan suhu yang tinggi digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak
balas. Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan.
Catalyst / Mangkin : ........................................ Temperature / Suhu : ........................................

[2 marks]
(iii) In Process X, sulphur trioxide gas is not directly dissolved into water to form liquid sulphuric
acid. Explain why.
Dalam Proses X, gas sulfur trioksida tidak terus dilarutkan ke dalam air untuk menghasilkan
cecair asid sulfurik. Terangkan mengapa.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(b) (i) What is the name of compound L that is produced through Haber process?
Apakah nama bahan L yang terhasil melalui proses Haber.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Compound L is produced when nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas. What is the ratio of
nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas reacted?
Bahan L terhasil apabila gas nitrogen bertindak balas dengan gas hidrogen. Apakah nisbah
gas nitrogen dan gas hidrogen yang bertindak balas?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Sulphuric acid reacts with compound L to produce compound M. Name compound M.
Asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan bahan L untuk menghasilkan bahan M.
Namakan bahan M.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) State one of the use of compound M.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan bahan M.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) Vulcanisation is a process used to enhance the quality of natural rubber.

Diagram 5.2 below shows two products K and L made of rubber.
Pemvulkanan adalah satu proses dijalankan untuk meningkatkan kualiti getah.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua produk K dan Lyang dihasilkan daripada getah.
Material K Material L
Bahan K Bahan L
(i) Choose the product that is made of vulcanised rubber.

Pilih produk yang dibuat menggunakan getah tervulkan.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your choice in term of their properties.

Terangkan pilihan anda dari segi sifatnya.
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of vulcanised rubber.

Lukiskan formulastruktur bagi getah tervulkan.
[1 mark]
Disusun oleh:
Cikgu Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor
SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor
Dan jutaan terima kasih kepada semua guru guru kumpulan Telegram Kimia Tulen Malaysia
yang sudi berkongsi bahan dan sumber untuk kejayaan semua anak didik kita.

Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4 2017 PDF

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1 Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4

Koleksi Soalan SPM 2016 & Percubaan SPM Negeri 2016

Modul Analisis Bertopik

To Excel in Chemistry is to Love Chemistry

 The Structure of Atoms … 3-16

Chapter 2 : The Structure of The Atom

(i) State the name of the process occurs.

(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.

Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

(iii) Why the temperature does not change from Q to R?

(iv) State the changes in the movement of particles from R to S.

(v) Draw the particles arrangement of naphthalene at RS.

Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1

(ii) Explain your answer in a(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.

Diagram 1.2 shows the heating curve for solid naphthalene.

(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of naphthalene at AB and CD

(i) Table 2 shows the guide for structure in Diagram 2.2.

Subatomic particle Name of subatomic particle

[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 1]

Number of protons Number of neutrons

(ii) Draw the atomic structure of P.

(iii) Write the symbol of P in the form of ZAY .

(c) (i) Element Q is a compound with boiling point of –34.0 oC.

Arrangement of particles : ......................................................................................

Movement of particles : .........................................................................................

Atom Number of proton Number of neutron

(ii) State the period of atom Y in the Periodic Table of Element.

(iii) Give one reason for your answer in 1(a)(ii).

(iv) Write the formula of Z ion.

(v) State the nucleon number of atom Z.

(ii) State the type of particle in niacin.

1 (a) Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic structure of element T.

Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1

Based on Diagram 1.1;

(b) (i) Element T has a melting point of 180.5°C.

Arrangement of particles: ………….………….……………………………………………..

Movement of particles: ………….………….………………………………………………..

Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2

Based on Diagram 1.2;

(i) determine the freezing point of acetamide.

Atom Number of proton Number of neutron

(a) State three subatomic particles of an atom.

(b) (i) What is meant by isotope?

(ii) Which atoms are isotopes?

(iii) State the radioisotope that is used to treat cancer diseases.

(ii) What is valence electron of atom R?

(e) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom T.

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 2]

Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons

Based on Table 2.1:

(ii) Which atoms are isotopes?

(iii) Determine the nucleon number of atom C.

(iv) Write the electron arrangement for atom D.

(i) State the types of particles in lead(II) bromide.

(iv) Draw the arrangement of particles in b(iii).

Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equation

3 (a) Diagram 3 shows an educational TV program.

Chemists use unit of mol to measure the quantity of a substance.

(i) What is the meaning of a mole?

(ii) Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of iron.

(b) The equation below is not a balance chemical equation:

........Fe(s) + ........O2(g)  ........Fe2O3(s)

(i) Balance the chemical equation above.

CO2 + H2O → + ____O2