Pola Soal Modal dalam Tes TOEFL

Ketika menghadapi tes TOEFL, Anda bisa menemukan soal bentuk Modal di

bagian Structure and Written Expression. Modal adalah kata kerja bantu atau auxilliary
verb atau helping verb, yang terdiri dari: shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might,
must, ought to, need, dare, dan used to.
Kata-kata tersebut di atas ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja (verb) atau sesudah subjek. Supaya
lebih jelas kita bahas satu persatu:

RUMUS:

SUBJEK + MODAL VERBS + VERBS 1 (kata kerja

bentuk 1)
1. Modal Shall
Dipakai untuk:

1. Menyatakan future dengan subjek I atau we

Contoh: I shall leave for America tomorrow.
2. Janji
Contoh: You shall have a motorbike.
3. Ancaman
Contoh: You shall be punished if you do that.

2. Modal Should
Dipakai untuk:

1. Bentuk lampau dari shall, jika berada pada anak kalimat

2. Mengandung arti ”seharusnya” dalam bentuk present
3. Mengandung arti “sebaiknya” (suggestion)

o I said that I should leave.

o You should obey your parents.

 If you are tired, you should take a rest.

 3. Modal Will
Dipakai untuk:
 1. Bentuk future
Contoh: I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.
2. Menyatakan janji
Contoh: I will come to your house if it doesn’t rain.
3. Polite request
Contoh: Will you open the window please!

4. Modal Would
Dipakai untuk:

1. Bentuk past dari will jika berada pada anak kalimat

Contoh:
- He says he will come.
- He said he would come.
2. Polite request
- Would you open the door, please?
3. Menunjukkan keinginan want jika beriringan dengan like (would like = want)
- Would you like a cup of tea? = Do you want a cup of tea?

5. Modal Can
Mengandung arti:

1. Ability dalam bentuk present

Contoh: I can speak English.
2. Permission
Contoh: Can I go out?

6. Modal Could
Mengandung arti:

1. Bentuk lampau dari can jika berada pada anak kalimat.

Contoh: I said that I could go with you.
2. Ability dalam bentuk lampau.
Contoh: When I was young I could play tennis well.
3. Permission (izin yang lebih halus dari can)
Contoh: Could I borrow your pen?

 
7. Modal May
Mengandung arti:

1. Permission (izin)
Contoh: May I go home now? (Bolehkah.....)
2. Possibility (kemungkinan)
Contoh: He may come late (Mungkin)

8. Modal Might
Mengandung arti:

1. Bentuk lampau dari may jika berada pada anak kalimat.

Contoh: He said that he might go home (boleh)
2. Probability (kemungkinan)
Contoh: She might be late (mungkin)

9. Modal Must
Mengandung arti:

1. Harus
Contoh: You must study hard.
2. Pasti
Contoh: Andi bought a new car, he must be rich.

10. Modal Need
Dapat dipakai:

1. Sebagai kata kerja biasa

Contoh: Do you need a new book?
2. Sebagai kata kerja bantu
Contoh: Need to go so soon?

11. Modal PERFECT  (Subject + Modal + Have + Verb 3 + Object etc.)

1. Misal:
I could have lifted the box just now.
= Saya bisa mengangkat peti itu (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
Artinya suatu kemampuan di waktu lampau yang tidak dikerjakan.
2. Misal:
He might have gone by train early this morning.
= Mungkin dia pergi dengan kereta api tadi pagi.
Artinya suatu kemungkinan di waktu lampau.
3. Misal:
It must have rained last night.
= Pasti tadi malam hujan (terbukti dengan jalan yang basah, misalnya).
Suatu kesimpulan atau kepastian di waktu lampau.
4. Misal:
I would have returned your bicycle.
= Saya ingin mengembalikan sepedamu (tetapi tidak bisa).
Suatu keinginan yang tidak terpenuhi.
5. Misal:
I should have given some money.
= Seharusnya saya memberi dia uang (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
Suatu keharusan yang tidak terpenuhi.
  

Contoh Soal TOEFL Modal dan Pembahasan

1. Look at this street, it is very muddy, it ______ have rained heavily last night.
    A. will
    B. would
    C. could
    D. must

Jawaban : D
Key word : muddy; last night
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat terdapat kata muddy (berlumpur) dan frasa rained heavily last
night (hujan deras tadi malam) yang merupakan dugaan penyebab berlumpurnya jalan itu.
Jadi rained heavily last night menjadi kepastian (must).

2. The child ate up all the meal we had served. He ______ very hungry.
    A. will have been
    B. could have been
    C. must have been
    D. would have been

Jawaban : C
Key word : ate up all; very hungry
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat dikatakan si anak memakan semua masakan yang dihidangkan.
Karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak itu pasti (must) sangat kelaparan.

3. Alfred visited some countries in Asia, Europe and America. He bought luxurious things for
his wife and children. He ______ a lot of money.
    A. could have
    B. would have
    C. ought have
    D. must have had

Jawaban : D
Key word : bought luxurious things
Pembahasan : Frasa bought luxurious things (membeli barang-barang mahal) sudah pasti
(must) dikaitkan dengan mempunyai banyak uang (a lot of money).

4. Berta : “Can I have your report soon?”

    Jono : “Sure, I ______ it before you go to the meeting.
    A. will finished
    B. will have finished
    C. am going to finish
    D. am finishing

Jawaban : B
Key word : before you go
Pembahasan : Frasa before you go to the office (sebelum kau pergi ke kantor) menunjukkan
prediksi atas aktivitas yang terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Namun penggunaan before juga
menunjukkan suasana future perfect (telah selesai dilakukan di masa yang akan datang).

5. Dina : Roni, that is the most popular book nowadays.

    Roni : Oh yes. It must have been written by a distinguished professor.
    From the dialogue we know that indeed a distinguished professor ______ that book.
    A. wrote
    B. would write
    C. should write
    D. planned to write

Jawaban : A
Key word : It must have been written
Pembahasan : Frasa pada kata kunci menunjukkan bahwa proses penulisan buku ini telah
selesai. Satu-satunya pilihan jawaban yang menunjukkan proses itu telah selesai adalah wrote
(dalam bentuk lampau).

6. Mom and Dad just left for the airport twenty minutes ago, so they _____ there yet.
    A. can’t have gotten
    B. shouldn’t have gotten
    C. had better have gotten
    D. could have gotten

Jawaban : B
Key word : just; so
Pembahasan : Frasa just left berarti “baru saja pergi”. Kata sambung so menunjukkan
kesimpulan bahwa Ibu dan Ayah pastinya belum akan sampai di bandara (shouldn’t have
gotten).

7. Although research scientists had hoped that the new drug interferon _____ to be a cure for
cancer, its applications now appear to be more limited.
    A. prove
    B. had proven
    C. would prove
    D. will prove

Jawaban : C
Key word : had hoped
Pembahasan : Karena pada anak kalimat terdapat harapan dalam bentuk past perfect (had
hoped), maka induk kalimatnya pasti berbentuk past future (would prove).

8. Henry will not able to attend the meeting tonight because _____
    A. he must to teach a class
    B. he will be teaching a class
    C. of he will teach a class
    D. he will have teaching a class

Jawaban : B
Key word : because
Pembahasan : Setelah kata sambung because kita membutuhkan klausa. Dari pilihan
jawaban yang ada, (A) tidak tepat karena must tidak diikuti to, (C) diawali dengan of, dan
bentuk will have teaching pada (D) tidak tepat. Satu-satunya yang berpola benar adalah he
will be teaching a class.

9. The Theory of Continental Drift assumes that there _____ long-term climatic changes in
many areas during the past.
    A. must have been
    B. must be
    C. must have
    D. must
Jawaban : A
Key word : assumes; during the past
Pembahasan : Kata assume (menduga) mempunyai nuansa kepastian. Karena menyatakan
suatu kepastian yang terjadi di waktu lampau maka polanya adalah must have + V3.

10. The man standing over there asked me whether he _____ the flowers from my garden.
    A. took
    B. might take
    C. ought to take
    D. would take

Jawaban : B
Key word : asked me; whether
Pembahasan : Kalimat tersebut menunjukkan permintaan izin dari laki-laki tersebut. Karena
kalimat ini berbentuk lampau, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah might take.

Offers = Can I…? / Could you…? / Would you like…?

We use these modals when we make an offer to help someone or suggest doing something.

Can I help you carry your bags?

Would you like to join us for a drink?
Requests = Can I…? / Could I…? / Can you…? / Would you…? / Could you…?

We use these modals when we ask someone if it’s OK to do something or if we ask someone
to do something for us.

Could I borrow your tablet for a moment?

Would you explain the procedure to me, please?
Polite suggestions = You could…/ we could… / I think we should…

These modals are used to make suggestions in a diplomatic way.

You could take a shuttle bus to the airport – it’s less expensive.
I think we should postpone the meeting.
Permission = Can I…? / May I…? / You can / you may

These modals are usually used in the first person singular when you ask for permission or
authorization to do something. The response is generally in the second person when you are
given permission (or not!).

Can I / May I leave the meeting early?

Yes, you can.
Modals: certainty, ability, advice, obligation, possibility
Certainty = Will / won’t

These modals are what could be considered the first conditional, like saying ‘If there’s too
much traffic, I won’t catch my train.’

There’s too much traffic, I won’t catch my plane…

To express uncertainty in the future, we use may not or might not

May not and might not are about the same as may or might. If we say ‘It might rain’ or ‘It
might not rain’, there’s a 50-50 chance in both cases that it will rain!!

We may not / might not recruit anymore people in the coming months.
Ability = Can/can’t, could/couldn’t (past), be able to

These modals express your ability to do something and you can substitute the expression ‘be
able to’ for ‘can’ or ‘could’. Of course, you need to conjugate the verb ‘be’ if it’s in the
present, past or future. In fact, you can put ‘be able to’ into any tense (example: present
perfect – I haven’t been able to reach her today).

I can’t read this, I never learned Spanish.

I couldn’t tell him because he was out of the office.
I won’t be able to attend the meeting as I’ll be on vacation.
Advice = should/shouldn’t/ought to
The modal ‘should’ is the most common for giving advice and recommendations. ‘Ought to’
can be used in the negative form (ought not to), but is generally not used in the interrogative
form.

You should talk to your manager if there’s a problem.

You shouldn’t interrupt him while his making his presentation.
They ought to give her more training in English.
Obligation = Must, have to

To speak about obligation, you can use both of these modals. However, ‘must’ cannot be
conjugated in the past and future, so it only has a present or near future meaning.

You must pay your taxes before April 15th.

You have to save the data before you close the application.
“Must” in the past and the future

To express obligation in the past, future or other tense, you need to use ‘have to’ and
conjugate the verb ‘have’ in the tense you are using.

I had to leave the meeting early because it was starting to snow.

I will have to see him when he gets back.
He has had to move three times in the past 6 months.
Not necessary = Don’t have to/ don’t need to/needn’t

For the negative of ‘have to’, simply conjugate ‘have’ in the negative form. You can also use
the verb ‘need’ either as a regular verb or as a modal auxiliary.

You don’t have to write the report in English.

You don’t need to go there as they will come here.
You needn’t bother replying; they never read their messages.
Not allowed = Mustn’t, can’t
The negative form of ‘must’ does NOT have the same meaning as the negative form of ‘have
to’. ‘Mustn’t’ means something is forbidden or not authorized. It’s a very strong term. ‘Can’t’
is another possibility.

You mustn’t smoke in front of the building as it gives a bad image of the company.
You can’t enter the building without an ID card.
Possibility /speculation = May, might, could, may not, might not, must, can’t

We use these modals to express the idea of possibility or to speculate about something that’s
happening or has happened.

We could have problems with the new strategy. (We don’t know for sure.)
We might not obtain the contract. (It’s possible, but we aren’t sure.)
There may be a strike next week. (There’s a possibility, but it’s not sure.)
There’s a lot of noise in the next office. They must be having a party. (We suppose there’s a
party.)
There’s a charge of $70 000 for one computer on this invoice! It can’t be right! (We suppose
there’s a mistake.)
Speculation in the past = may, might, must, can’t, couldn’t + have done, have been done or
have been doing

She bought the shares when they were inexpensive and sold them at their highest value, so
she must have made a lot of money. (We suppose she made money at that time.)
I don’t know why Mr. Brandon wasn’t at the meeting. He might have been delayed in traffic.
(We suppose he had a problem at that time.)
You couldn’t have seen Ms. Jamison at the concert, because she was out of town at the time.
(It wasn’t possible that you saw her at that time.)

CONTOH SOAL MODAL VERBS

BUAT KALIMAT BERDASARKAN KONDISI PADA KALIMAT PERTAMA.
Example: Don't phone Ann now. (she might/have lunch) — She might be having lunch.
1. I ate too much. Now I feel sick. (I shouldn't /eat so much)
2. I wonder why Tom didn't call me. (he must/forget)
3. Why did you go home so early? (you needn't/go home so early)
4. You've signed the contract. (it/can't/change now)
5. What's Linda doing? — I'm not sure. (she may/watch television)
6. Ann was standing outside the cinema. (she must/wait for somebody)
7. He was in prison at the time that the crime was committed, so. (he couldn't/do it)
8. Why weren't you here earlier? (you ought/be here earlier)
9. Why didn't you ask me to help you? (I would/help you)
10.I'm surprised nobody told you that the road was very dangerous. (you should warn)
11. George was in a strange mood yesterday. (he might not/feel very well)

Exercise 115. Choose the correct form of the verbs.

1. You __ very proud of your son winning so many prizes.
(A) must be
(B) can't be
2. We thought our cousins would visit us when they were in town last week, but they
didn't even call. I suppose they __ too busy.
(A) must be
(B) must have been
3. The film has been such a big success I guess it __ easy to get tickets to see it.
(A) must be
(B) can't be
4. I'm sure you could mend this if you really tried. You __ using the right tools.
(A) must be
(B) can't be
5. I've just called the garage to check whether they've fixed my car, but I can't get an
answer. I suppose they __ a tea-break out in the yard.
(A) may have
(B) may be having
6. I don't know why you wanted to stay at that party. You __ talking to all those boring
people.
(A) might have enjoyed
(B) can't have enjoyed
7. I can't go out this morning. We're getting a new sofa and the store __ it today.
(A) may be delivering
(B) must be delivering
8. You'll have to check these figures again. They're not accurate. You __ when you
added them up.
(A) might have been concentrating
(B) can't have been concentrating
9. You __ thirsty after carrying those heavy boxes. Shall I make some tea?
(A) must be
(B) must have been

Exercise: Define whether the sentences below are TRUE(T) or FALSE(F).

Apakah kalimat di bawah ini benar/salah?.
Cara menjawab: 1. Tentukan predikat kata kerjanya
2.Cari keterangan waktunya
3. sesuaikan keterangan waktu dengan bentuk kata kerjanya (tenses)
4. sesuaikan VERB dengan SUBJEKnya
Apabila kalimatnya salah, Correct mistakes/ BETULKAN KESALAHANNYA
1. My brother has to walk ten miles to buy some gas last weekend.
2. There is no one outside the theater; the performance have been cancelled.
3. They must to sign up for that class by this Friday.
4. We would have went to Florida, but it was having an unusual cold spell.
5. Mrs. Jones told me that she might have baked a cake for my birthday tomorrow if
she has time.
6. Susan said she might leave before dinner.
7. They might go to the store a few minutes ago.
8. When my baby got very ill, I must have called the doctor.
9. The boys should not had made so much noise.
10. I will be very happy when I graduate this year.
11. John said that he might have gone to Harvard next year.
12. Beth must to take the bus yesterday because her car was being repaired.

Pilih modal vebs yang tepat untuk kalimat2 di bawah ini.

1. Pregnant women who suffer from anemia ______ supplements to raise the level of iron in
their blood.

     must to give

     must be given

     given

2. The study indicates that we ______ increase coverage of supplementation.

     try to

     must to try to

     should try to

3. The authors noted that their results ______ pregnant women in other low- and middle-
income countries.

     might apply to

     might to apply to

     apply

4. The effect on birth weight ______ depending on the prevalence of iron deficiency.

     can vary

     can to vary

     will to vary

5. A new, low-cost tool ______ developing-world cities control pollution that kills millions
each year.

     may to help

     may help

     may have to help

6. What are some of the best practices that health and emergency responders ______ in mind
when using social media?

     should to keep

     should keep

     will to keep

7. I ______ rather listen to country music than to jazz.

     should

     will

     would

8. Joan was absent from school today. She ______ sick.

     could be

     can be

     could to be

9. ______ you mind if my sister joined us for lunch?

     May
     Should

     Would

10. George takes tennis lessons. He ______ play tennis.

     can

     may

     might

Sources: https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/toefl/toefl-054-grammar-modals.php
https://global-exam.com/blog/en/toefl-ibt-grammar-modal-verbs/
https://www.geniuslang.com/toefl/soal-pembahasan/soal-toefl-modal-dan-pembahasannya