MODUL PEMBELAJARAN

BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS XII

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN

By, English Team of Vocational Negeri 2 SoE

PEMERINTAH PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
SMK NEGERI 2 SOE
Jalan Gajah Mada No. 76 Telp. (0388) 2700035
e-mail: pisoe_smkn2@yahoo.com , website: www.smkn2soe.sch.id
 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas XII (Dua Belas) Kompetensi Keahlian

PS, OTP, Tata Busana, Perhotelan, TKJ, TAV dan TESHA SMK Negeri 2 SoE telah
disahkan untuk dipergunakan dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar
Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021

Mengetahui SoE, 18 Januari 2021

Kepala SMK Negeri 2 SoE English Team

1. Arauna L. Selan S.Pd

Ayub S. P. Sanam, S.Pd Nip. 19840215 201001 1 036
Nip. 19810829 200604 1 010

2. Alstyne R. M. Kase, S.Pd

3. Seblisa Nubatonis, S.Pd

4. Yemrid Sae, S.Pd

5. Angel Rani, S.Pd

6. Maria S. P. Sola, S.Pd

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 DAFTAR TUJUAN KOMPETENSI

KOMPETENSI INTI DAN KOMPETENSI DASAR

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN/MADRASAH ALIYAH KEJURUAN
Bidang Keahlian : Seluruh Bidang Keahlian Program
Keahlian : Seluruh Program Keahlian
Kompetensi Keahlian : Seluruh Kompetensi Keahlian (3 Tahun) Mata
Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris

Tujuan kurikulum mencakup empat aspek kompetensi, yaitu (1) aspek kompetensi
sikap spiritual, (2) sikap sosial, (3) pengetahuan, dan (4) keterampilan. Aspek-aspek
kompetensi tersebut dicapai melalui proses pembelajaran intrakurikuler, kokurikuler, dan
ekstrakurikuler.
Rumusan kompetensi sikap spiritual yaitu, “Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran
agama yang dianutnya”. Sedangkan rumusan kompetensi sikap sosial yaitu, “Menghayati dan
mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, santun, peduli (gotong royong, kerja sama, toleran,
damai), bertanggung-jawab, responsif, dan proaktif melalui keteladanan, pemberian nasihat,
penguatan, pembiasaan, dan pengkondisian secara berkesinambungan serta menunjukkan
sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif
dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa
dalam pergaulan dunia”. Kedua kompetensi tersebut dicapai melalui pembelajaran tidak
langsung (indirect teaching) yaitu keteladanan, pembiasaan, dan budaya sekolah, dengan
memperhatikan karakteristik mata pelajaran serta kebutuhan dan kondisi peserta didik.
Penumbuhan dan pengembangan kompetensi sikap dilakukan sepanjang proses
pembelajaran berlangsung, dan dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan guru dalam
mengembangkan karakter peserta didik lebih lanjut.

4.30 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis untuk

3.30 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks,
menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang
dan unsur kebahasaan untuk
keharusan, dengan memperhatikan
menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang
fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
keharusan, sesuai dengan konteks
kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai
penggunaannya.
konteks.

Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, 4.31. Menangkap makna secara kontekstual
3.31.
terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan
dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks
unsur kebahasaan teks news items lisan
news item lisan dan tulis dengan
dan tulis, dalam bentuk berita sederhana
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
koran/radio/TV
berita sederhana dari koran/radio/TV,
sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya
4.32 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional
3.32. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks,
lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
transaksional lisan dan tulis yang
pengandaian diikuti oleh perintah/saran,
melibatkan tindakan memberi dan
dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial,
meminta informasi terkait pengandaian
struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan
diikuti oleh perintah/saran, sesuai
yang benar dan sesuai konteks
dengan bidang keahlian dan konteks
penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur
kebahasaan if dengan imperative, can,
should)

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

Halaman Judul ………………………………………………………………………………....... i

Halaman Pengesahan …………………………………………………………………………….. ii

Daftar Isi …………………………………………………………………………………………... iii

Daftar KI-KD ……………………………………………………………………………………….. iv

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Expressing Necessity and Obligation

A. Kompetensi Dasar................................................................................................ ................ 1

B. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ............. 1

C. Uraian Materi ........................................................................................................................ 1

D. Exercise ................................................................................................................................ 2

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Must VS Have to

A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ............ 3

B. Uraian Materi ....................................................................................................................... 3

C. Exercise ................................................................................................................................ 4

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3. Modal Auxialary

A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ............ 5

B. Uraian Materi ....................................................................................................................... 5

C. Exercise ................................................................................................................................ 9

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 4. News Item

A. Kompetensi Dasar................................................................................................ .............. 10

B. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ............ 10

C. Uraian Materi ....................................................................................................................... 10

D. Exercise ................................................................................................................................ 13

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 5. Action and Stative Verb

A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ........... 14

B. Uraian Materi ...................................................................................................................... 14

C. Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 16

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 6. Saying Verb

Modul For Grade

 A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ............ 17

B. Uraian Materi ....................................................................................................................... 17

C. Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 19

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 7. Adverb

A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ........... 20

B. Uraian Materi ...................................................................................................................... 20

C. Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 22

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 8. Simple Past Tense

A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ........... 23

B. Uraian Materi ...................................................................................................................... 23

C. Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 25

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 9. Conditional sentence Type 1

A. Kompetensi Dasar ................................................................................................ ............. 26

B. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ........... 26

C. Uraian Materi ...................................................................................................................... 26

D. Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 28

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 10. Conditional Sentence Type 2

A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ........... 29

B. Uraian Materi ...................................................................................................................... 29

C. Exercise ................................................................................................................................ 31

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 11. Conditional Sentence Type 3

A. Tujuan Kompetensi ................................................................................................ ........... 32

B. Uraian Materi ...................................................................................................................... 32

C. Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 33

Tes Akhir .......................................................................................................................................... 34

Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................................................................. 38

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 EXPRESSING NECESSITY AND OBLIGATION
(Keharusan)

Pertemuan 1

3.30 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan untuk
menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang keharusan, sesuai dengan konteks
penggunaannya.

4.30 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang
keharusan, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks. Tujuan Pembelajaran Peserta didik
dapat Mengidentifikasi ungkapan untuk menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang
keharusan melalui diskusi sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya dalam sebuah
dialog/percakapan sehari-hari.

Tujuan Pembelajaran:
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta mampu untuk:
1. Menganalisis expressing necessity and obligation secara tepat.
2. Menyusun kalimat expressing necessity and obligation secara tepat.

Definition
Obligation may be described as pressure on a person to do something or not to do
something. There are strong obligations such as rules and necessities, and weak obligations such
as advice. Obligations may be internal, from the speaker’s body or mind, and external obligations
such as regulations. In this post, we will see only the most common forms used to express
standard obligation. Other, more advanced forms will be looked at in future posts. There are a
number of important rules that you should take special care to understand and practice.

Some expressions commonly used to express obligations are as follows:

✓ I must try it again
✓ Do you have to go now? yes, I do
✓ I have to keep it
✓ You have to come on time
✓ It is necessary for us to be there,

But if you think it is not a necessary think, you can say:

✓ You don't have to go now
✓ He doesn't have to do it
✓ You don't need to go to school because it's a holiday
✓ It is not necessary for us to go now

A. Positive Obligations
1. S + must + verb
Example:
✓ I must save my money

2. S + have/has to+ verb

Example:
✓ You have to come on time
✓ He has to meet the manager at 7 a.m

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 3. S+ need to + verb
Example:
✓ I need to visit the landslide victim.
✓ He needs to look at the map.
B. Negative Obligation
1. S + must not + verb
Example:
✓ You must not smoke here

C. No Obligation
1. S + don't have + verb
Example:
✓ You don't have to go to school because it's a holiday.

2. S+ don't need to +verb

Example:
✓ You don't need to do it.

Exercise:

1. Translate the definition and the expressions into Indonesia

2. Please make Sentences using the rules of POSITIVE OBLIGATION On Item A Point 1, 2, and 3.
Each poit 2 sentences.
3. Please make 2 Sentences using the rules of NEGATIVE OBLIGATION on Item B
4. Please make Sentences using the rules NO OBLIGATION on Item C point 1, and 2. Each point
2 sentences.

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 Pertemuan 2

MUST VS HAVE TO

Tujuan Pembelajaran:
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
1. Menganalisis penggunaan Must dan Have to secara tepat sesuai konsep
penggunaannya.
2. Menyusun kalimat Must dan Have to secara tepat sesuai dengan konsep
penggunaannya.

Sering kali kita mengungkapkan sebuah keharusan dalam kehidupan sehari - hari. Dalam
Bahasa inggris, "harus" bisa diungkapkan atau ditulis dengan kata MUST dan HAVE TO,
contohnya:

✓ I must study hard = saya harus belajar giat

✓ The men have to paint the house = orang itu harus mengecat rumah

Dua kalimat diatas sama- sama mempunyai makna keharusan terhadap

melakukan sesuatu. Dalam Bahasa Inggris keharusan ini dinamakan obligation, responsibility,
or necessity. Pemakain MUST dan HAVE TO seperti 2 kalimat diatas adalah berlaku/ saling
mengganti untuk satu dengan yang lainnya. Keduanya memiliki penggunaan yang sama dalam
konteks kalimat positif atau berita. Sedangkan untuk jenis kalimat negative MUST NOT dan DO
NOT HAVE TO mempunyai arti yang sangat berbeda.

1. Must

• Kata must yang bermakna ‘harus’ digunakan untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang
berasal dari pendapat pribadi. Contohnya, “I must study harder” atau “Saya harus
belajar lebih giat.”

2. Have/Has to

• Have to atau has to digunakan untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang berasal dari pihak
luar. Have/has to lebih lazim digunakan pada American English (Bahasa Inggris Amerika).
Contohnya, “All students have to wear appropriate school uniforms.” atau “Seluruh
siswa wajib mengenakan seragam sekolah yang sesuai.”

3. Have/Has got to

• Have got to atau has got to digunakan untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang berasal
dari pihak luar dan bersifat lebih informal. Have got to/has got to lebih lazim digunakan
pada British English (Bahasa Inggris Britania Raya). Contohnya, “You have got to
accompany me to see ms. Sarah.” atau “Kamu harus menemani saya bertemu dengan
ms. Sarah”

4. Had to

• Had to merupakan bentuk lampau dari have/has to atau have/has got to yang digunakan
untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang berasal dari pihak luar di masa lampau.
Contohnya, “Each debate championship participant had to submit the complete data to
the committee.” atau “Tiap-tiap peserta lomba debat harus mengumpulkan data

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 lengkap ke panitia.”

5. To be + required to

• To be+required to digunakan untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang berasal dari pihak

luar dan bersifat lebih formal. Contohnya, “You are required to arrive at the show venue
on time.” atau “Kamu diharuskan untuk tiba di tempat pertunjukkan tepat waktu.”

6. To be + obliged to

• To be+obliged to digunakan untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang berasal dari

peraturan atau norma yang berlaku. Contohnya, “Judges are legally obliged to decide
how a person who is guilty of a crime should be punished and make decisions on legal
matters.” atau “Hakim secara sah wajib memutuskan hukuman yang akan dijatuhkan
kepada terdakwa dan membuat keputusan terhadap hal-hal legal.”

7. To be + To + V1/be

• To be+to+V1/be digunakan untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang berasal dari luar dan
bersifat informal. Contohnya, “You are to sit here until the nurse calls you.” Atau “Kamu
harus duduk di sini sampai perawat memanggilmu.”

Exercise:
Complete some sentences below with select the correct words Must, Must Be, Have To, Or Has for
each sentences to be the correct sentence. ( Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat dibawah ini dengan memilih
kata yang tepat Must, Must be, Have, atau has untuk menjadikan kalimat yang benar).

1. I … call Sindy. I haven’t called her since Christmas day.

2. I … go now. The meeting will be star now.
3. The government really … do something about the unemployment in the pandemic of Covid
19.
4. The student … study hard for the examination.
5. I can pick you up this afternoon. I … work.
6. Dinda gets fever. She … met a doctor.
7. Jefri likes bakso so much. He … saving some money for it.
8. You have been traveling around SoE all day. You … tired.
9. I hear that your examinations are next week. You … studying very hard at the moment.
10. Your test is next month. You … preparing well.

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 Pertemuan 3
MODAL AUXILIARY
(Kata Kerja Bantu)

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
1. Menganalisis materi Modal Auxiliary beserta kegunaan dan penggunaannya secara
tepat.
2. Membuat kalimat Modal Auxiliary secara tepat sesuai dengan konsep
penggunaannya.

Modal (modalitas) adalah bentuk kata yang membantu kata kerja. Modal harus disandingkan
dengan verbs. Oleh karenanya, modal juga sering dinamakan kata kerja ganti.

The Kinds Of Modals (Jenis-Jenis Modal)

Secara garis besar Modal dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu modals present dan modals past. Perhatikan
tabel berikut ini.

Modals present Modals past

Can (bisa) Could
Will (akan) Would
Shall (akan) Should /
May (boleh) Might
Must (hams) Had to
Should (harus/sebaiknya) –
Ought to (harus/sebaiknya) –

Catatan:

Selain contoh modal di atas. ada beberapa kata yang juga memiliki makna yang sama, seperti :

Can/could : be capable of. be able to. Manage to

Will/shall : he doing to, be about to

May/might : perhaps, probable, possible, presumable bad better, be supposed to

a. Be

Yang dimaksud dengan be adalah to be seperti: is, am, are, was, dan were.

Adapun formula dari modal adalah sebagai berikut :

( + ) S + modal + V1 + ( O )

( – ) S + modal + not + V1 + ( O )

( ? ) modal + S + V1 + ( O ) ?

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 b. The Usage Of Modals (Kegcjnaan Modals)

Modal memiliki beberapa penggunaan seperti berikut ini:

a. Can/could
a. Menyatakan kemampuan
Contoh :

• I can cook very well. ( Aku bisa memasak dengan sangat baik. )

• I could not sing this song beautifully. ( Aku tidak bisa menyanyikan lagu ini
dengan baik. )

b. Menyatakan kemungkinan
Contoh:

• I Can Call You If I have finished my work. ( Aku bisa meneleponmu jika
pekerjaanku sudah selesai. )
• I Could not listen to what he said. ( Aku tidak bisa mendengarkan apa yang dia
katakan. )

c. Menyatakan Izin
Contoh:

• You Can Watch TV after doing your homework. ( Kamu boleh menonton TV
setelah menyelesaikan PR-mu. )
• You Can borrow my novel tomorrow morning. ( Kamu boleh meminjam novelku
besok pagi. )

d. Menyatakan permohonan yang sopan.

Contoh:

• Can I use your phone? Bolehkah aku memakai teleponmu?

• Could you please tell me where the nearest bank is? Bisakah kamu memberi
tahuku di mana letak bank terdekat?

Catatan: Dalam kasus permohonan. Could lebih sopan dari- pada can.

2. May/might
a. Untuk menyatakan kemungkinan (tidak yakin 100%)
Contoh :

• Tia does not come to the class, she may get up late. ( Tia tidak masuk sekolah. dia
mungkin bangun ke- siangan. )
• Shinta might not be angry because I am her boyfriend. Shinta mungkin tidak marah
karena aku adalah pacarnya.

b. Untuk menyatakan izin

Contoh:

• You might meet Your mom. ( Kamu boleh menemui ibumu. )

• May I ask you a question? Bolehkah aku bertanya padamu?

3. Must / had to
a. Untuk menyatakan keharusan
Contoh:

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 • You must pay all of these. ( Aku harus membayar semua ini. )
• You must not be late. ( Kamu tidak boleh telat. )
• We had to keep the secret. ( Kita harus menjaga rahasia ini. )

b. Untuk menyatakan kepastian/ prediksi yang pasti

Contoh:

• After studying all the day. you must be so tired. ( Setelah belajar seharian, kamu
pasti kecapaian. )
• Since you do not practice seriously, you must not Win the dance competition. (
Karena kamu tidak berlatih dengan serius. kamu pasti tidak akan menang dalam
lomba menari.

4. Shall
a. Shall digunakan untuk I dan we. Shall digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana.
Contoh:

• We shall return the books this week end. (Kami akan mengembalikan buku-buku ini
akhir pekan ini).
• I shall not text you tonight. (Aku tidak akan SMS kamu nanti malam).

b. Dalam kalimat tanya, shall digunakan untuk memberikan saran.

Contoh:

• It is too hot here. Shall I open the window? (Di sini panas sekali. Bagaimana jika aku
membuka jendelanya? )
• You shall ask me if I want this food. (Kamu sebaiknya bertanya padaku apakah aku
mau makanan ini. )

5. Should
Should digunakan untuk menyatakan saran. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kata ini memiliki
makna sebaiknya. Berbeda dengan must, should tidak begitu mengharuskan seseorang
untuk melakukan saran tersebut.
Contoh :

• You look so tired, you should take a rest. ( Kamu terlihat sangat capek, kamu sebaiknya
beristirahat. )
• She Should tell me where she will go. ( Dia sebaiknya memberitahuku ke mana dia akan
pergi. )
• Should I give You The money? ( Haruskah aku memberimu uang? )
• You should take the test. ( Kamu sebaiknya ikut tes itu. )

6. Will
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana (plan)
Contoh :

• I will go to Manado. ( Aku akan pergi ke Manado. )

• Will you come to my party? ( Akankah kau akan datang ke pestaku? )

b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kemauan (willingness)

Contoh:

• I will help you. ( Aku akan membantumu. )

• I will lend you the book. ( Aku akan meminjamimu buku. )
• Will you invite Clara to your birthday party? ( Apakah kamu akan mengundang Clara
ke pesta ulang tahunmu? )

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 c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perkiraan (prediction)
Contoh:

• If it rains tonight, I will not come. ( Jika nanti malam hujan. aku tidak akan datang. )
• My parents will buy a new house if they have sold the old house. ( Orang tuaku
akan membeli rumah baru jika mereka sudah menjual rumah tua. )

7. Would
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana di masa lampau (plan)
Contoh :

• I would visit Bali last semester but I did not have money. ( Aku akan mengunjungi
Bali semester akhir tapi aku tidak memiliki uang. )
• I would sleep last night, but it was too noisy. ( Aku akan tidur semalam tapi berisik
sekali. )

b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan permohonan yang sopan.

• Would you please show your ID card? ( Bisa tunjukkan KTP Anda? )
• Would you please tell when the train leaves? Boleh tahu jam berapa keretanya
berangkat?

8. Ought to
Ought to digunakan untuk menyatakan saran. Namun. saran tersebut tidak begitu kuat
atau memaksa.
Contoh :

• You ought to study tonight. ( Kamu sebaiknya belajar nanti malam. )

• He ought not to be here. ( Dia seharusnya tidak berada disini. )

Bentuk modal yang lain adalah: Modal+ perfect yang di- gunakan untuk menunjukkan masa
lampau. Formula untuk bentuk modal ini adalah sebagai berikut:

(+) S + modal + have + V3 + (O)

(-) S + modal + have + not +V3 + (O)

(?) Modal + S + have + V3 + (O)

1. Must have
Digunakan untuk menyimpulkan kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Modal jenis ini menyatakan bahwa penutur sangat yakin dengan kesimpulan yang dibuatnya.

Contoh:

• You won the competition. You must have practiced very hard. ( Kamu memenangkan
perlombaan. Kamu pasti sudah berlatih dengan keras. )
• You look so exhausted. You must have not taken a rest. ( Kamu terlihat sangat capek. Kamu
pasti tidak beristirahat.

2. May/Might have
Digunakan untuk menyimpulkan kemungkinan yang terjadi pada masa lampau. Modal jenis ini
menyatakan bahwa pe-nutur tidak begitu yakin dengan ucapannya.
Contoh:

• Jane 0did not come to work this morning. She might have been sick. ( Jane tidak masuk
kerja pagi ini. Mungkin dia sakit.

Modul For XII Grade Page 8

 • Shinta failed in the exam. She mav have not studied. ( Shinta tidak lulus ujian. Dia mungkin
tidak belajar. )

3. Could have
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kemampuan yang tidak di- laksanakan pada masa lampau.
Contoh:

• I believe that he could have been an outstanding student. ( Aku percaya bahwa dia
sebenarnya bisa menjadi siswa teladan. (Kalimat tersebut maksudnya meskipun dia bisa,
namun dia tidak berusaha mewujudkannya.)
• I could have answered Mr. Tono’s questions but I remained silent. ( Aku sebenarnya bisa
menjawab pertanyaan Pak Tono. tapi aku tetap diam saja.)

Exercise:
Complete the following sentences using can/may/must
should. Sometimes you need the negatives.

1. My father is very smart. He ________ speak five languages.

2. Look! The girl is falling into the river. We ________ rescue her now.
3. Tom gets failed in his exams. I think he ________ study harder.
4. There is nobody in the room now. They ________ go out to buy something.
5. If you don’t bring your dictionary, you ________ borrow mine now.
6. You ________ touch the wall. My father has just painted it.
7. You ________ care about her since she loves you very much.
8. John is absent from school today. He ________ be sick.
9. The bus 1 has just left. We ____wait another later.
10. Sorry, I am very busy now. I ________ help you.

Modul For XII Grade Page 9

 NEWS ITEM
Pertemuan 1

3.31 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks
news item lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait berita
sederhana dari koran/radio/TV, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya

4.31. Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan
unsur kebahasaan teks news items lisan dan tulis, dalam bentuk berita sederhana
koran/radio/TV

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
Menganalisis fungsi social, struk tur teks dan unsur kebahasaan dari News Item
secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.
Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi soial, stuktur teks, dan
unsur kebahasaan dari teks News Item.

a. Pengertian News Item

Dilihat dari namanya, istilah news tentu sudah akrab ditelinga kita. Jika diterjemahkan News
berarti berita. Para ahli bahasa Inggris mendefinisikan News Item sebagai berikut: “News item
is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy
or important”. Jadi news item adalah sebuah tulisan atau teks yang memberikan informasi
terbaru (terupdate, terhangat dan teraktual) dimana informasi tersebut layak dan penting
untuk diberitakan.

b. Purpose News Item:

Tujuan utama dari pembuatan teks berita tentu untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca
atau pendengar berita tentang berita terbaru. Jadi syaratnya harus berita hangat, sehingga
biasanya diberi tanggal dan tempat berita.

c. Generic Structure News Item

Pada praktiknya, susunan umum news item tidak terlalu diindahkan oleh para wartawan
karena mereka tentu ingin menggunakan gaya bahasa dan penulisannya sendiri, yang penting
pembaca bisa memahami beritanya dengan baik. Namun jika kamu diminta untuk membuat
tulisan dalam bentuk berita (news item), maka susunan berikut ini wajib kamu ikuti:

1. Newsworthy event : berita utama dari suatu peristiwa (sekilas tentang inti berita).

2. Background event : latar belakang peristiwa secara rinci melibatkan bagaimana dan
mengapa peristiwa itu terjadi.
3. Source : Sumber yang memberikan informasi berkaitan dengan suatu peristiwa.

d. Ciri-ciri redaksi text News item

1. Melibatkan verbal verbs atau kata kerja yang berupa penyampaian informasi seperti:
said, informed, told, reported, dan lain sebagainya.
2. Karena menggunakan verbal verbs, maka hamper seluruh tulisan news item terdapat
Modul For XII Grade Page 10
 kalimat langsung yang ditandai appostrof atau tanda kutip (“bla, bla, bla..”)
3. Place and time: Dalam penulisan berita biasanya terdapat penjelasan tanggal atau hari
dan tempat peristiwa terjadi.
4. Menggunakan Past Tense dalam menerangkan kejadian berita. Namun jika itu berupa
fakta yang sampai sekarang masih berupa fakta, maka bias menggunakan simple
present tense.

e. Contoh News Item dan Penjelasannya.

Contoh 1: Jokowi wins Indonesian election

Jakarta-Joko Widodo, who won the hearts of

Indonesians with his common-man image,
gamered 53 percet of the vote in Indonesia’S
presidential election, final results from the
Election Commission showed Tuesday.

The numbers were released shortly after his

opponent, former Gen. Prabowo Subianto,
declared he was with drawing from the
contest, saying there ws fraud during the
election and that it was unfair and
undemocratic.

Widodo, a former furniture maker known widely as “Jokowi” maintained a slim lead
of about 4 percentage points in unofficial quick counts by polling agencies released
after the July 9 election.

But Subianto, who has declared assets of $ 140million and was on his tird bid for the
presidency, repeatedly claimed that polling firms with links to his campaign showed
he was ahead. “we reject the 2014 Presidential election, which is unlawful, and
therefore we withdraw from the on going process. “he said”.

There were no immediate reports of violence. About 100 Subianto supporters held a
peaceful protest some 300 yards from the Election Commission building in
downtown Jakarta, chanting

“Prabowo is the real President” and holding banners demanding that the
commission stop cheating.

The building was surrounded by thousands of policemen to maintain security after a

particularly nasty presidentkial campaign. It was the first election that pitted two
candidates directly against each other since the Muslim majority contry of 240
million emerged from the long and brutal Suharto dictatorship 16 years ago.

Supporter of both men used social media for personal attacks, and Subianto’s
supporters led a smear campaign against Widodo, spreading rumors he is not a
Muslim.

The commission was to formally declare the winner later Tuesday evening. Final
result showed that Widodo won 70.997.859 votes, or 53.15 percent of the nearly 133
million valid ballots cast, while Subianto won 62.576.444 votes, or 46.85 percent.

Modul For XII Grade Page 11

 Penjelasan:

1. Paragraf pertama berisi Newsworthy event: Sekilas tentang isi berita yang akan
disampaikan, yaitu bahwa Joko Widodo telah memenangkan pilpres dengan kemenangan
53% suara.
2. Paragraph kedua samapai keenam berisis Background event yang menjelaskan bagaiman
peristiwa pemilihan sebelum pengumuman ternjadi hingga akhirnyaJokowi memenangkan
pilpres.
3. Pada paragraph terakhir berisi Source (sumber berita) darimana kebenaran inti berita
bahwa Jokowi menang pilpres diperoleh, yaitu dari KPU (commission) yang telah
mengumumkan kemenangan Jokowi pada hari kamis malam (mencoba menjelaskan kapan
pengumuman itu terjadi. (lihat cirri-ciri news item nomor 4

News Item artinya pokok berita. Berita itu bisa jadi ada di televisi, radio, koran, majalah, dsb.
Berita itu jika di koran, majalah, atau tabloid disajikan oleh seorang journalist sedangkan jika di
media elektronik disajikan oleh seorang penyiar (broadcaster). Jadi News items itu adalah teks
yang memberikan informasi tentang kejadian/peristiwa harian yang disajian oleh seorang
jurnalist atau broadcaster.

Untuk lebih jelasnya, ikuti penjelasan berikut.

Definition of News Item Text

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are
considered newsworthy or important. (News item adalah teks yang memberikan informasi
tentang kejadian
/ peristiwa harian. Peristiwa harian ini dianggap pantas dijadikan berita atau [bisa
dibilang] penting).

Generic Structure of News Item Text

# Main Events : Kejadian utama yang pantas dijadikan berita.

# Elaboration : Penjelasan mengenai latar belakang adanya peristiwa tersebut; orang-orang
yang terlibat dalam peristiwa tersebut; tempat dan waktu peristiwa terjadi; dan lain-lain.
# Resource of Information (Source) : Sumber berita; komentar para saksi; pendapat para
ahli; dan lain-lain.

Purpose of News Item Text

- To inform the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day.

- To present information the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day.

The characteristics/Language Features of News Item

- Focusing on circumstances (bahasannya singkat padat dan tidak bertele-tele)

- Using material process
- Using action verbs (kata kerja yang menunjukan aktifitas)
- Using saying verbs (diberitakan, dikatakan, dikutip, mengatakan, memberitakan, mengutip)
- Using adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner.

Exercise:
Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3

Singapore to Develop Marine Tourism in Riau Islands of Indonesia

Singapore has expressed its interest in developing marine tourism in Natuna, Anambas
and Lingga, there beautiful yet hidden regencies in the Riau Islands province of Indonesia.
According to Riau Islands deputy Governor, Soeryo Respationo, the three areas have their
Modul For XII Grade Page 12
 own beauty but lack of adequate infrastructure to boost tourism.
Singapore’s investment in the tourism sector would perfectly match with the islands’
need he, said recently. Soeryo said tht Singapore Ambassador Anil Kumar Nayar visited the
Riau islands asministration on Tuesday to show the country’s commitment in developing the
marine tourism sector.
1. Singapore is interested in making investment in….
2. The main idea of paragraph 2 is….
3. The generic structure of the text above is….

Read the following text to answer questions number 4 to 6.

A survey has found about 13 percent of first-time smokers in the country are junior high
school students. It also revealed 89 percent of young female employees were smokers The
survey was conducted in five major cities across the country. Including Surakarta in Central
Java The Indonesian anti-tabacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the
government refuses to sign the internasional convention on tobacco control. It said that
cigarette producers contributed to a large amound to state revenue and gave jobs to
thousands of workers
4. The text mainly tells you about….
5. Why does the growth of Indonesian smokers have to be concerned?
6. One of the advantages of cigarette industry is….

This text is for questions 7 to 10

BAGHDAD (Reuters)-Six U.S. soldiers were killed by a blast north of Baghdad on Monday. the
U.S. military said on Tuesday, in one of the single deadliest ground attacks against American
force in Iraq in months.
Three other soldiers were wounded after an explosion went off near their vehicles in the
province of Salahuddin, the military said in a statement, without giving details. Salahuddinis a
Sunni Arab insurgent stronghold. More than 3.170 U.S. soldiers have died in Iraq since the
U.S-Ied invasion in March 2003.
7. The text talks about….
8. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?
9. Iraq and U.S. forces are in the third week of a security crackdown in Baghdad aimed at
stemming sectarian violence. (paragraph 3)
The underlined word means….
10. Based on the text, Salahuddin is a….

Modul For XII Grade Page 13

 Pertemuan 2

ACTION DAN STATIVE VERB

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
Menganalisis fungsi social, struk tur teks dan unsur kebahasaan dari kalimat
Action verb dan Stative Verb secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.
Membuat kalimat secara kontekstual terkait fungsi soial, stuktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan dari Kalimat Action Verb dan Stative Verb.

Pengertian Action dan Stative Verb

Verb (kata kerja) dalam bahasa Inggris dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua, yaitu: action verb dan
stative verb. Action verb atau dynamic verb adalah kata kerja untuk menyatakan bahwa subject
sedang melakukan suatu aksi atau untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu terjadi.

Kebalikan action verb, yaitu stative verb atau non-action verb, adalah kata kerja yang tidak untuk
menyatakan aksi melainkan untuk menyatakan kondisi yang tidak berubah atau cenderung tidak
berubah.

Perbedaan paling mendasar diantara keduanya adalah stative verb normalnya tidak memiliki
bentuk continuous atau progressive (-ing form).

action dan stative verb bahasa Inggris

Action Verb

Kata-kata kerja yang tergolong action verb antara lain yang menyatakan activity (aktivitas), process
(proses), dan momentary action (aksi berdurasi pendek). Action verb memiliki bentuk
progressive/continuous, dan tentu saja bentuk simple dan perfect. Beberapa contoh action verb
sebagai berikut.

Action verb

• Activities: eat, listen, play, walk, work

• Process: change, grow, melt, shorten, widen
• Momentary actions: hit, jump, knock

Contoh Kalimat Action Verb:

He plays badminton every Sunday morning.

1
(Dia bermain badminton setiap Minggu pagi.)

They are playing badminton at the stadium.

2
(Mereka sedang bermain badminton di stadion.)

Modul For XII Grade Page 14

 Sunflowers grow fast.
3
(Bunga matahari tumbuh dengan cepat.)

The food company is growing fast.

4
(Perusahan makanan tersebut berkembang cepat.)

The athlete jumps when his coach blows the whistle.

5 (Atlit tersebut melompat ketika pelatihnya meniup peluit.) [hanya sekali
melompat]

The athlete is jumping on the trampolin.

6
(Atlit tersebut melompat-lompat di atas trampolin.) [melompat berkali-kali]

Stative Verb

Kata kerja yang tergolong stative atau non – action verb antara lain yang menyatakan

• perception/cognition (merujuk pada hal-hal dalam pikiran)

• relation (mendeskripsikan hubungan antara hal-hal)

Berikut beberapa contoh stative verb.

Stative verb

• Perception/cognition: adore, believe, desire, detest, dislike, feel, forgive, guess, hate,
hear, imagine, impress, intend, know, like, love, mean, mind, perceive, prefer, realize,
recall, recognize, regard, remember, satisfy, see, smell, suppose, taste, think,
understand, want, wish
• Relation: be, belong to, concern, consist of, contain, cost, depend on, deserve, equal,
fit, have, include, involve, matter, need, owe, own, possess, require, resemble, seem,
sound

Contoh Kalimat Stative Verb:

I love Mondays.
1
(Saya suka hari senin.)

We agree that the product is too expensive.

2
(Kami sepakat bahwa produk tersebut terlalu mahal.)

This cheese cake tastes great.

3
(Kue keju ini rasanya enak.)

I prefer mangoes to oranges.

4
(Saya lebih suka mangga daripada jeruk.)

The man owns two luxury houses in Bandung.

5
(Lelaki tersebut memiliki dua rumah mewah di Bandung.)

You owe me a cup of coffee.

6
(Kamu berhutang pada saya secangkir kopi.)

Modul For XII Grade Page 15

 Summary
Action verb atau dynamic verb untuk menyatakan bahwa subject sedang melakukan suatu
aksi atau bahwa sesuatu terjadi, sementara stative verb atau non-action verb untuk
menyatakan menyatakan kondisi yang tidak (atau cenderung) berubah.

Identify the kind of some sentence below. Do the sentence is Action Verb or Stative verb?
(identifikasi jenis-jenis kalimat di bawah ini. Apakah kalimat tersebut adalah Kalimat Action Verb
atau kalimat Stative Verb)
1. I really appreciate our friendship. (Action Verb/Stative Verb)
2. Phones don't belong in our school. (Action Verb/Stative Verb)
3. The physician didn't listen to me. (Action Verb/Stative Verb)
4. Are they widening the road? (Action Verb/Stative Verb)
5. I desire to meet him once again. (Action Verb/Stative Verb)
6. Do you remember where we parked the car? (Action Verb/Stative Verb)
7. She never knocks before entering my room. (Action Verb/Stative Verb)
8. The argument might sound silly. (Action Verb/Stative Verb)

Modul For XII Grade Page 16

 Pertemuan 3

SAYING VERBS

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
Menganalisis fungsi social, struk tur teks dan unsur kebahasaan dari Kalimat
Saying Verb secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.
Membuat kalimat secara kontekstual terkait fungsi soial, stuktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan dari Kalimat Saying Verb.

Masih ingat Direct and Indirect Speech?

• "I will stay here for along time." My grandma said.

• Teacher ordered me, "Collect your work in my table!"

Ini bukan tentang Direct and Indirect Speech yang akan kita bicarakan disini, ini tentang kata-kata
yang dicetak tebal pada contoh diatas. Kita banyak menjumpai kata-kata semacam itu pada kalimat
direct atau kalimat langsung, tapi apa sebenarnya fungsi dari kata-kata diatas?
Kata-kata diatas disebut sebagai Saying Verbs, saying verb adalah kata yang digunakan untuk
mengindikasikan suatu percakapan. Adapun contoh-contoh dari Saying Verbs antara lain:

SAYING VERBS DERIVED FROM VERBS 1 ….. MEANING

SAID SAY BERKATA
SPOKE SPEAK BERBICARA
TOLD TELL MEMBERI TAHU
YELLED YELL BERSORAK
GIGGLED GIGGLE TERTAWA KECIL
SCREAMED SCREAM BERTERIAK
REPLIED REPLY MENJAWAB
GROANED GROAN MENGERANG
EXCLAIMED EXCLAIM BERSERU
SIGHED SIGH MENGHELA NAFAS
QUESTIONED QUSTION BERTANYA
SUGGESTED SUGGEST MENYARANKAN
SHOUTED SHOUT BERSORAK
Etc.

Saying Verbs biasanya merupakan Verb past, atau bentuk lampau, kendatipun ada beberapa yang
present, tapi seringnya mereka adalah kata kerja bentuk lampau, karena Saying Verbs yang
digunakan pada Direct Speech lebih banyak terdapat pada teks Narrative, sementara seperti kita
ketahui bahwa Language Feature dari Narrative Text itu sendiri adalah Past Tense.

Saying Verbs

Saying verbs are words used to indicate speaking (hence the name). They are often used when a
writer wants to use an alternative for the word ‘said’ in their speech tags for direct speech. They
can provide more information as to how things are being spoken.

Modul For XII Grade Page 17

Contoh:

“Get out!” she screamed.

“Make me,” he fumed.

”No,” he laughed.

”No!” he shouted.

”No!” he cried.

”No,” he sighed.

A wide variety of saying verbs can be the hallmark of a good writer who is providing necessary
information. They can also indicate an inexperienced writer who is trying too hard. Use as needed
but beware of over use.

Action Verbs

Action verbs are verbs that show the performance of an action. They are dynamic verbs that show
something happening.

There are regular and irregular action verbs.

For example:

Regular Verbs Simple Past / Past Participle Spelling Rules

The simple past tense is formed by adding -ed to the end of the verb. However there are several
rules depending on the spelling of the verb, these are:-

If the base of the verb ends in:-

• -e only add -d (raid – raided)

• a consonant plus -y the y is turned into -ied (study – studied / try – tried)
• -c add -ked (panic – panicked)
• a single vowel plus a consonant and is stressed on its final syllable the consonant is usually
doubled and -ed added (plan – planned)
• -p, g or -m the consonant is usually doubled and -ed added (ram – rammed / tap – tapped /
gag – gagged)
• -l the consonant is usually doubled (travel – travelled)

Exercise:
Change the sentence below into saying verb form. (Ubalah kalimat-kalimat dibawah ini ke dalam
bentuk Kalimat saying Verb).
Example:
He said," She helps my close friend today".
Answer : He said that she helped his close friend that day.

1. Nadia told me," Ayu will go home tomorrow".

Answer : .............................................................
2. Mr. Gandung said," I will sell my house".
Answer : .............................................................
3. Alfian told his mom," I like your hair".
Answer : .............................................................
4. Dani and Maya said," We have sold our house".
Answer : .............................................................
Modul For XII Grade Page 18
 5. They said," You really want to know her, don't you?"
Answer : .............................................................
6. She said," You may call my name what you want, mayn't you?"
Answer : .............................................................
7. Uncle said to aunt," I was building these house for you".
Answer : .............................................................
8. Luna said," You are not mine but Sophia's now".
Answer : .............................................................
9. He said," No girl would be mine yerterday".
Answer : .............................................................
10. She said," He does something to me in this park today".
Answer : .............................................................

Modul For XII Grade Page 19

 Pertemuan 4
ADVERB

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
Menganalisis fungsi social, struk tur teks dan unsur kebahasaan dari pola
Kalimat Adverb secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.
Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi soial, stuktur teks, dan
unsur kebahasaan dari Kalimat Adverb.

Definisi

Adverb adalah “one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs, and adjectives.” Artinya,
adverb bisa disandingkan oleh kata benda, kerja, dan sifat. Biasanya kita menggunakannya untuk
memperjelas kata di depannya atau memperjelas adverb itu sendiri. Biasanya adverb memiliki
akhiran -ly seperti: clearly, quickly, locally, dan seterusnya. Namun, ada beberapa yang tidak
memiliki akhiran -ly.

Fungsi

Secara penggunaan mungkin sudah biasa kamu lakukan dalam berbicara atau menulis. Tapi,
apakah kamu sudah tahu bahwa adverb dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis?

Adverb of time

Merupakan kata bantu yang digunakan untuk memberikan info tambahan mengenai waktu. Untuk
lebih mudahnya, adverb ini digunakan untuk menjawab semua pertanyaan yang diawali dengan
“when.” Apa saja contohnya?

• I rarely go to the movie theater since the ticket price went up.
• I can finish all of my tasks and go home early.
• My brother will study after he finishes dinner.
• I visited grandpa recently because I wanted to give him my wedding invitation.
• Don’t worry, it all soon shall pass.

Adverb of manner

Merupakan kata bantu yang memberikan tambahan informasi mengenai kondisi atau bagaimana
sebuah peristiwa terjadi. Secara sederhana, adverb ini digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan dari
‘how.’ Yang termasuk dalam adverb ini yakni badly, beautifully, better, bravely, cheerfully, fast, hard,
quickly, slowly, inadequately, healthy, well, dan sebagainya. Mari lihat contoh di bawah ini jika
diaplikasikan dalam kalimat.

• Anything you can do, I can do better.

• My sister and I are always late because she drives very slowly.
• She painted the whole scenery beautifully.
• I think I did the test well.
• She inadvertently lost the dog.

Modul For XII Grade Page 20

Adverb of place

Merupakan kata bantu yang memberikan jawaban mengenai tempat atau pertanyaan ‘when’
dalam Bahasa Inggris. Contoh kata dari adverb ini adalah above, away, below, down, here, inside,
near, outside, there, up, dan sebagainya. Bagaimana jika diaplikasikan dalam sebuah kalimat?

• Put that jar above the cupboard along with the other empty jars.
• I’m not allowed to play outside the house after 6 PM.
• Hurry up and get down here! I need your help!
• Her whole family moved to Bandung and they live there now.
• This experience gives literal meaning to going down below the rabbit hole.

Adverb of degree

Biasanya kata bantu ini digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan “how much.” Namun, tidak selalu
pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan nominal, melainkan bisa digunakan untuk mempertanyakan
intensitas dari suatu kejadian. Misalnya:

• She looks extremely tired after cleaning the whole house.

• Mom told me she missed my brother too.
• We don’t have much money but it doesn’t stop us from being happy.
• Sometimes love just isn’t enough.
• The technician wiped the data in my hard drive entirely and it could not be restored.

Adverb of frequency

Jika dalam adverb of degree digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan sebuah intensitas, adverb of
frequency digunakan untuk menjawab seberapa sering frekuensi kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh
seseorang. Contoh:

• Dad usually doesn’t drink alcohol, but occasionally he does.

• I rarely participate in family occasions because I don’t have any peers I can talk to.
• My parents frequently check up on their health at the hospital.
• She makes sure that I always finish my breakfast before I go to school.
• Sometimes I wish I had never been born.

Jenis-Jenis

Selain ada fungsi-fungsi dari adverb, ada juga jenis-jenis yang bisa dibedakan. Apa saja itu?

Interrogative adverb

Jika kamu menyangka bahwa adverb merupakan kata penjelas dari sebuah kata kerja, kamu salah
besar. Adverb bisa juga berbentuk kata tanya, seperti how, when, why, dan where. Contoh:

• Why are you here?

• When is it going to stop?
• Where did the money come from?
• How long do we have to participate in this training?
• How much time do I have to set aside every week?

Conjunctive Adverb

Adverb ini berfungsi sebagai kata transisi menggabungkan serta mengaitkan klausa-klausa
independen. Adverb ini mencangkupi kata-kata seperti accordingly, also, alternatively, certainly,
consequently, finally, nevertheless, moreover, previously, therefore, dan sebagainya.

Modul For XII Grade Page 21

Contoh:

• I can’t leave the house today; therefore I delegate the meeting to the vice president.
• She certainly has what it takes to become an actress.
• According to the GPS, there’s busy traffic ahead of us. We can gamble and go ahead, or
alternatively take a different route.
• Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

Exercise:
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. (Pilihlah Kata yang plaing tepat untuk
melengkapi Kalimat-kalimat dibawah ini)
1. His child was playing………………………. (dangerous / dangerously) near to the edge of the
swimming pool.
2. I was ………………………….. (scarce / scarcely) able to move my arm after the accident.
3. The snow fell ………………………….. (silent / silently).
4. Have I pronounced your name ………………………… (correct / correctly) ?
5. I am sorry, Madam, the restaurant is ………………………… (full / fully) booked.
6. The election campaign was not conducted very ……………………………. (clean / cleanly).
7. You must put matters ………………………….. (right / rightly) by telling the truth.
8. We thought the book had been very ………………………….. (good / well) researched.
9. In some cities you do not feel ………………………….. (safe / safely) going out alone at night.
10. The wolrd’s financial markets are ever more …………………………. (close / closely) linked.

Modul For XII Grade Page 22

 Pertemuan 5

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
1. Menganalisis fungsi social, struk tur teks dan unsur kebahasaan dari pola Kalimat
Simple Past Tense secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.
2. Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi soial, stuktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan dari pola Kalimat Simple Past Tense.

Untuk membentuk kalimat simple past tense, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut

S + Verb 2 + O

Dalam kalimat simple past tense, kata kerja yang digunakan merupakan bentuk kata kerja kedua.
Terdapat dua jenis kata kerja, yakni regular verb dan irregular verb. Untuk regular verb, tambahkan
-ed/-d dibelakang setelah kata kerja bentuk pertama. Sebagai contoh:

• Stay – stayed (Tinggal)

• Punch – Punched (Memukul)
• Play – Played (Bermain)
• Touch – Touched (Menyentuh)

Untuk irregular verb , termasuk didalamnya to be, bentuk kata kerja keduanya sangat berbeda.
Sebagai contoh:

• Awake – Awoke (Terbangun)

• Begin – Began (Memulai)
• Drink – Drank (Minum)
• Eat – ate (Makan)
• Run – ran (Berlari)

Namun, ada sebagian irregular verb yang memiliki bentuk kata kerja yang sama dengan bentuk
kata kerja dasar. Sebagai contoh:

• Put – Put (Meletakkan)

• Split – Split (Membagi)
• Spread – Spread (Menyebarkan)
• Set – Set (Mengatur)
• Cut – Cut (Memotong)

Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Affirmative

Berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh kalimat simple past tense positive:

1. Abdul went to Bali for holiday last Sunday (Minggu kemarin, Abdul pergi ke Bali untuk
berlibur)
2. She joined the English club class at school yesterday. (Kemarin, dia bergabung dalam klub
Bahasa Inggris di sekolah).
3. Last Monday, Joni got in an accident at the office (Senin lalu, Joni terkena musibah di
kantor).
4. Dani bought new laptops last night. (Dani membeli laptop baru kemarin malam)
Modul For XII Grade Page 23
 5. They watched “Dilan”, the newest movie at the cinema yesterday. (Kemarin, mereka
menonton film “Dilan”, film terbaru di bioskop)
6. Ade went to school with his new car this morning. (Ade pergi ke sekolah menggunakan mobil
barunya pagi ini)
7. Dewi applied for manager position at Wall Street English. (Dewi melamar pekerjaan sebagai
posisi manager di Wall Street English)
8. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the president of Indonesia. (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
dulu adalah presiden Republik Indonesia)
9. I was born in Surabaya. (Saya lahir di Surabaya)
10. My mother cooked grilled fish for my birthday party. (Ibuku dulu memasak ikan bakar untuk
pesta ulang tahunku)

Contoh kalimat simple past tense negative

Untuk membentuk kalimat simple past tense negative, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut

S + did + not + Verb 1

atau

S + To Be (Was / Were) + not

Berikut ini adalah contoh kalimatnya:

1. I did not sleep well last night. (Aku tidak bisa tidur dengan nyenyak tadi malam).
2. Rani did not come to the office yesterday. (Rani tidak datang ke kantor kemarin)
3. Adi did not win the English debate competition last month. (Adi tidak memenangkan
kompetisi debat berbahasa inggris bulan lalu)
4. Arif was not the smartest students in the class. (Dulu Arif bukan murid yang paling pintar di
kelas)
5. She did not complete her task. (Dia tidak menyelesaikan tugasnya)
6. Many kids did not like the horror movie. (Banyak anak-anak yang tidak menyukai film horror)
7. Dodi did not eat the vegetables. (Dodi tidak makan sayuran)
8. John did not buy a car. (John tidak membeli sebuah mobil)
9. Thomas did not come to my party yesterday. (Thomas tidak pergi ke pesta saya, kemarin).
10. George did not go to the dentist because he was afraid. (George tidak pergi ke dokter gigi
karena dia sangat takut.

Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Interogative

Untuk membentuk kalimat simple past tense interrogative, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut

Did + S + Verb 1

atau

Was / Were + S

Berikut ini adalah contoh kalimat tanya simple past tense:

1. Did you see my bag on the table? (Apakah kamu melihat tasku di atas meja?)
2. Did the student come to school? (Apakah para murid datang ke sekolah?)
3. Did you sleep enough last night? (Apakah kamu tidur dengan nyenyak kemarin malam?)
4. Did she deliver the pizza on time? (Apakah dia mengantar pizza tepat waktu?)
5. Did they allow you to join their English club? (Apakah mereka mengizinkan kamu bergabung
ke dalam klub Bahasa Inggris?)
6. Were you late to come to the office at 11 am yesterday? (Apakah kamu datang terlambat ke
kantor jam sebelas kemarin?)
Modul For XII Grade Page 24
 7. Was he so busy? (Apakah dia sangat sibuk?)
8. Was the movie so fantastic? Tell me (Apakah filmnya sangat berkesan? Ceritakan kepadaku.)
9. Did he clean your room yesterday? (Apakah dia membersihkan ruanganmu kemarin?)
10. Was Dewi happy to work here? (Apakah dewi senang bekerja disini?)

Exercise:
A. Complete these Sentences below!

1. I (be)____________at the cinema last night

2. They (be)___________late for the interview
3. __________ (be) she beautiful?
4. Why (be) _______you late?
5. He (study, not)_______last night

B. Change Into Simple Past Form!

Example: She writes a love letter.(present form)
She wrote a love letter. (simple past form)

1. The girls bring a book.

2. He buy a new car.
3. He does not do the home work.
4. Does he visit his family?
5. He is a rich man.

Modul For XII Grade Page 25

 Pertemuan 1

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

3.32. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta
informasi terkait pengandaian diikuti oleh perintah/saran, sesuai dengan
bidang keahlian dan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan if
dengan imperative, can, should).

4.32 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait pengandaian diikuti oleh
perintah/saran, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
1. Menganalisis fungsi social, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional lisan dan tulis dari kalimat Conditional sentence type 1 secar tepat
dan bertanggung jawab.
2. Menyususn teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis dari pola kalimat conditional
sentence type 1 secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

Definition

Conditional sentence atau kalimat pengandaian merupakan salah satu pengungkapan dalam
bahasa Inggris untuk menyatakan hal-hal yang diharapkan atau diandaikan untuk terjadi.
Conditional sentence itu sendiri adalah merupakan gabungan dua kalimat dimana salah
satunya adalah kalimat bersyarat (if clause) dan kalimat lain adalah akibat/ hasil (result)
yang ditimbulkan dari terpenuhi atau tidaknya syarat tersebut.

Misalnya :

If you buy the new book, you will enjoy reading the story.
(Jika kamu membeli buku baru itu, kamu akan menikmati membaca cerita di dalamnya.)

Kalimat pengandaian yang ke-1 ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pengandaian yang dibuat
dimana pengandaian ini memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi.

Berikut rumus yang bisa dipakai untuk membentuk conditional sentence type 1.

a. If + Subject + Simple Present Tense, Subject + will + Verb 1

atau kita bisa juga membaliknya menjadi:
b. Subject + will + Verb 1, If + Subject + Simple Present Tense

Untuk lebih jelasnya lagi, silahkan dibaca beberapa contoh kalimatnya dibawah ini.

Modul For XII Grade Page 26

 1. If I have a long holiday, I will go to Java (Jika saya memiliki liburan panjang, saya akan
pergi ke Jawa).
2. I will buy Play Station 3 if I have enough money (Saya akan membeli PS 3 jika saya
punya cukup uang).
3. If Lita forgets to make the homework, her teacher will give her a low mark (Jika Lita
lupa mengerjakan PR, gurunya akan memberinya nilai yang rendah).
4. Rony will not graduate from his University if he doesn’t pass the thesis exam (Rony
tidak akan lulus dari Universitasnya jika ia tidak lulus ujian skripsi).
5. If we travel to London, we will visit the London Bridge (Jika kami bepergian ke London,
kami akan mengunjungi Jembatan London).
6. They will buy the concert ticket if it is not expensive (Mereka akan membeli tiket
konser jika harganya tidak mahal).
7. If I get the first rank, my mother will buy a laptop for me (Jika saya medapat juara 1, ibu
saya akan membelikan saya laptop).
8. I will send an invitation to Widya if I find her address (Saya akan mengirim sebuah
undangan ke Widya jika saya dapat menemukan alamat rumahnya).
9. If the weather is sunny, I will go to the park (Jika cuacanya cerah, saya akan pergi ke
taman).
10. Mita will come to my birthday party if she has free time (Mita akan datang ke pesta
ulang tahun saya jika dia

Pola bentuk pertama ini adalah sebagai berikut:

If + subjek + simple present tense (Verb 1) + subjek + simple future tense (will +
Verb 1)

Atau dapat pula diputar balik urutannya menjadi:

Subjek + simple future tense (will + Verb 1) + if + subjek + simple present tense
(Verb 1)

Contoh-contoh dalam kalimat adalah sebagai berikut.

• If she wakes up earlier, she will not miss the morning class. (Bila dia bangun lebih pagi
lagi, dia tidak akan melewatkan kuliah pagi itu.)
• They will buy a new sofa for the living room if Sue brings them to the funiture exibition.
(Mereka akan membeli sebuah sofa baru untuk ruang tamu bila Sue mengajak mereka
ke pamern funiture itu.)
• If Donald does not make a goal, the team will be totally lost. (Bila Donald tidak mencetak
gol, tim tersebut akan benar-benar kalah.)
• Aini and May will not come to your party if you do not send them invitations. (Aini dan
May tidak akan datang ke pestamu bila kamu tidak mengirimkan undangan-undangan
mereka

Exercise:
Number 1 -4 you have to complete.

1. If Fairuz …………….(get) the highest score in all subject, his parents

…………………..(give) him reward.
2. Huda ……………….. (not be late) to come to his office if he …………………………(leave)
the home at 6:30 a.m.
3. If the students ……………… (follow) the course after class, they …………………. (not
face) difficulty in all the subject.
4. Meisa ………………..(prepare) many menus if her son ……………………. (come back)
from his studying.

Modul For XII Grade Page 27

Number 5-8, you have to find the fact form the conditional sentences type 1

5. If today is raining hard, I will not go out to another places.

6. Dwi and her students will not be at the English laboratory if it is used by another teacher.
7. If I don’t purchase that novel, I will lend from Lenna
8. They will call the fire fighters if there is a fire in their village.

And for number 9-10, you have to make the conditional sentences type 1 from the facts.

9. Tania doesn’t perform on the stage because she is ill

10. Tubagus trains everyday so he gets the first rank.

Modul For XII Grade Page 28

 Pertemuan 2

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 2

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
1. Menganalisis fungsi social, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional lisan dan tulis dari kalimat Conditional sentence type 2 secar tepat dan
bertanggung jawab.
2. Menyususn teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis dari pola kalimat conditional
sentence type 2 secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.

Conditional sentence type 2 atau second conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan
ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya sedikit
kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi di masa sekarang
(present unreal situation) atau condition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan (unlikely to
happen).

Condition berada di dalam subordinate clause dengan subordinate conjunction “if”, sedangkan
result/consequence berada di dalam main clause.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 2

Bagian conditional clause (if + condition) menggunakan simple past tense, sedangkan bagian main
clause (result) menggunakan modal verb dan bare infinitive (infinitive tanpa to).

Complex sentence

subordinate clause (if + condition) main clause (result/consequence)

if + simple past would/could/might + bare infinitive

If-clause dapat menempati awal atau tengah kalimat. Ketika if-clause menempati awal kalimat,
koma ditempatkan sebelum main clause. If … not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Were Menggantikan Was

Pada conditional sentence type 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun menggunakan
singular subject (subjek tunggal: 3rd person pronoun (she, he, it) atau noun). Hal ini untuk
menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata karena
condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi (present unreal situation).

complex sentence

subordinate clause (if + condition) main clause (result/consequence)

if + S + were would/could/might + bare infinitive

Modul For XII Grade Page 29

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 2

Kalimat Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 2

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

Fakta:

but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan
bahwa besok akan hujan)
If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.
(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.)

Fakta:

(+) but Nisa doesn’t study hard (tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.)
If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.
(Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil sport.)

Fakta:

but I don’t have much money (tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang)
If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.
(Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.)

Fakta:

but I’m not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan seorang milioner)

If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail.
(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.)

If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail. atau Unless Nisa studied hard, she
(-)
would fail.
(Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.)

If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity.

If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?

(?) If you had much money, would you buy a sport car?

If you were a millionaire, would you donate my money to charity?

Exercise:
Fill the blank on the sentence below.

1. If you were a president, this country … (shatter).

2. Tiara would date you if you … (get) much inheritance.

3. Desy … (buy) many expensive sport cars if she won the lottery.

4. If Corona didn’t exist, the world … (keep) in peace.

Modul For XII Grade Page 30

5. If Dono … (have) a girlfriend, he would be vain.

6. My father would leave my mother if she … (cheat) from him.

7. The world war IV would happen if some countries … (fight) each other.

8. If we ate all the pizza last night, we … (get) stomacache.

9. I would lend you some money if I … (have) it.

10. Bill … (slap) Liza if she hung out with other guy.

Modul For XII Grade Page 31

 Pertemuan 3

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 3

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi ini diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk:
1. Menganalisis fungsi social, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional lisan dan tulis dari kalimat Conditional sentence type 3 secar tepat dan
bertanggung jawab.
2. Menyususn teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis dari pola kalimat conditional
sentence type 3 secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab.

Conditional sentence type 3 atau third conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan
ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan terwujud karena
condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.

Condition berada di dalam subordinate clause dengan subordinate conjunction “if”, sedangkan
result/consequence berada di dalam main clause.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 3

Bagian conditional clause (if + condition) menggunakan past perfect tense, sedangkan bagian main
clause (result) menggunakan perfect modal (modal + have + past participle).

Complex sentence

Subordinate clause (if + condition) Main clause (result/consequence)

would/should/could/might + have + past

if + past perfect
participle

If-clause dapat menempati awal atau tengah kalimat. Ketika if-clause menempati awal kalimat,
koma ditempatkan sebelum main clause.

rumus dan penjelasan conditional sentence type 3

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 3

Kalimat Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 3

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

(+) Fakta:

but you didn’t remember

(tapi kamu tidak ingat)
If I had given the interviewer really good answers, I might have got a higher

Modul For XII Grade Page 32

 position than you.
(Jika saya memberi jawaban yang benar-benar bagus ke pewawancara, saya
mungkin memdapatkan posisi yang lebih tinggi dari kamu.)

Fakta:

but I didn’t give really good answers

(tapi saya tidak memberikan jawaban yang benar-benar bagus)
If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broken many plates.
(Jika pelayan tersebut hati-hati, dia tidak akan memecahkan banyak piring.)
(-) Fakta:

but the waitress wasn’t careful

(tapi pelayan tersebut tidak hati-hati)
If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him?
(Jika dia meminta maaf kepadamu, akankah kamu memaafkannya?)
(?) Fakta:

but he didn’t ask you for forgiveness

(tapi dia tidak meminta maaf)

Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Type 3

Inverted word order berarti verb muncul sebelum subject. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dengan
menghilangkan kata “if” dan menukar posisi subject dan verb. Contohnya sebagai berikut.

Normal Inverted

If you (S) had (V) saved your gold in a safety

deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone. Had (V) you (S) saved your gold in a safety
(Jika kamu telah menyimpan emasmu di safety deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone.
deposit box, emasmu tidak akan hilang.)

Exercise:
Fill the blank on the sentence below. (Tipe Third Conditional)
1. If they had trained hard before, they … (win) the match.
2. Kelly would have cooked the soup if she … (not; sleep) in the living room.
3. If we … (publish) this, we would have been popular.
4. If my laptop had had high-end features, I … (download) all the big size game.
5. Beny would have joined that team if he … (pass) the test well.
6. If Dinda … (bring) an umbrella, she wouldn’t have got wet.
7. Your boyfriend … (reject) your calls if you had replied his text message fast.
8. Would you have given her apologies if she … (ask) forgiveness?
9. If Doni had seen the doctor, he … (feel) better now.
10. If we had passed this season, we … (go) for holiday.

Modul For XII Grade Page 33

 Tes Akhir

Choose the correct answer A, B, C, D, or E for each number

1. The police officer warned the crowd that he … order shooting, if they created
trouble.
a. Could
b. Would
c. Might
d. Must
e. Can
2. Passengers … not smoke inside the bus.
a. Will
b. Should
c. Must
d. Could
e. Have
3. … I have a word with you?
a. Will
b. Shall
c. Can
d. Could
e. May
4. Parents … not accompany their children to the school.
a. Must
b. Can
c. Would
d. Will
e. Has
5. There was a time when I … stay up late, but these days I go to bed early.
a. Used to
b. Ought to
c. Should
d. Would
e. Must
6. The Principal said that candidates without hall tickets … not be permitted inside
the examination hall.
a. Could
b. Would
c. Should
d. Might
e. Must
7. You … tell me. I know everything.
a. Must not
b. Need not
c. Cannot
d. Can
e. Have to
8. Even if he had come a little earlier, he …have got a seat in the front row.
a. Should not
b. Might not
c. would not
d. Was
e. Must
9. This building… been built recently.
a. Has
b. Have
c. Could

Modul For XII Grade Page 34

 d. Had
e. must
10. I … a great solution to this problem.
a. Have
b. Has
c. Had
d. Did
e. Have
11. The man hit by a car yesterday would have died if the doctors had not immediately operated
on him. From the above sentence, we may conclude that …
a. the man will be immediately operated on
b. the man is still alive
c. It’s too late to save the man
d. the man died after the operation
e. the doctors did not operate on him
12. “If I had known that you were in Surabaya, I would have shown you some interesting
places.”
“… ”
a. Yes, It was such an interesting trip
b. Thank you for showing me around Surabaya
c. I’m sorry, I didn’t have time to write you before I left for Surabaya
d. Thank you, I will really enjoy that
e. That’s a good idea. I haven’t had time to go around Surabaya
13. “Had the company been fair in giving bonuses, the employees would not have gone on
strike.”
a. The employees were quite dissatisfied
b. The employees are still going on strike
c. The employees were not given bonuses at all
d. The company has given the employees fair bonuses
e. The company has lost many employees
14. If I hadn’t booked in advance, I would have had difficulties in geing good accomodation at a
reasonable price.
These sentence means….
a. I got a good room and I didn’t have to pay much
b. It was difficult to get a room although I had a reservation
c. The room I got was good but rather expensive
d. I found a room in advance but in wasn’t comfortable
e. I was lucky to get a good room without reservation
15. Had the make up class been an nounced earlier, more students would have attended the
lecture.
From the above sentence we may conclude that …
a. no students came to the make up class
b. many students knew about the make up class
c. students did not want to attend the class
d. many students missed the make up class
e. the make up class was not announced
16. If I work harder, I … my paper in due time.
a. will finish
b. would finish
c. has finished
d. will be finished
e. will have finished
17. Anggi : Why weren’t you in class yesterday?
Rindy : I was sick. If I hadn’t eaten spicy food, I wouldn’t have had a stomachache.
The underlined sentence means …
a. Rindi had
b. Rindi has

Modul For XII Grade Page 35

 c. Anggi had
d. Anggi has
e. both of them had
18. X : John had drawn all his money because he needed it for his father’s operation.
Y: …. If his father’s health had not been in a such bad condition.
a. He would not take all his money
b. He should take all his money
c. He didn’t take all his money
d. He must have taken all his money
e. He wouldn’t have taken all his money
19. Lucy : Many of the participants were disappointed because they expected to have a
serious talk with the minister of women’s affairs
Secretary: I know I’m sure that the minister would have attended the meeting If she
had returned from middle east.
From the dialogue we can conclude that the minister ….
a. Is still on tour
b. Didn’t attend the meeting
c. Had a serious talk with the participants
d. Went to the middle east because of the meeting
e. Had been back from her tour before the meeting
20. “Why didn’t you be those shoes? You seemed to like them”.
“I would have, if they had been cheaper.”
a. I did by the shoes
b. I was not again the price
c. The shoes were too expensive
d. I looked for a more expensive pain
e. The shoes were a bargain

Read the following news. Then, answer the questions.

Bali Airport Reapons as Cloud of Volcanic ash Lifts

Two days after the skies above the Indonesian resort iland of Bali were darkened by a large
cloud of volcanic ash, the island’s international airport reopened Wednesday.

The airport has been closed since Monday, when activity at nearby mount Agung sent a large
cloud of ash more than 7,600 meters into the air. More than 400 flights in and out of

bali were canceled during that time, and tens of thousands of foreign tourists were left
stranded at the facility.

The volcanic ash finally shifted direction earlier Wednesday, prompting airport officials to
resume normal operations.

Authorities on Bali have issued an evacuation order for 100,000 people living within a 10
kilometers radius of mounth Agung, cities fears of major eruptions that could happen at
any moment. The volcano last erupted in 1963, killing over 1,000 people.

President Joko Widodo has ordered the military and all emergency services to assist with
avacuees and stranded tourists.

Volcanologists first detected seismic activity at Mount Agung since August. The activity
peaked in mid-September, prompting Indonesia’s national disaster agency to raise its
highest alert level for the volcano and evacuating more than 120,00 resistents.

The vast archipelago of Indonesia in located along the Pacific’s so-called “Ring of Fire”, a
seismically active line of faults ehre earthquakes and volcanos are common.

Modul For XII Grade Page 36

Questions:
1) Why did the Bali airport close temporarily?
2) When did the Bali airport run normal again?
3) How far did volcano ash cover the Bali Island?
4) How did the volcanic eruption affect the flight and the tourists?
5) Who should be evacuated immediately?
6) What happened when Mounth Agung erupted in 1963?
7) How long has the volcano been dormant?
8) ho helped the evacuation of the local people and tourists?
9) When did the Mount Agung change the status into high alert levels?
10) Whaat does the “Ring of Fire” mean

Modul For XII Grade Page 37

References:

1. Agree. http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/agree. Accessed on March 5, 2019.

2. Progressive, Stative and Dynamic Verbs.
http://guidetogrammar.org/grammar/progressive.htm. Accessed on March 15, 2019.
3. Stative and Dynamic Verbs. http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/stat.htm.
Accessed on March 15, 2019.
4. English Hand Out, Get Along with English, XII Grade For Vocational School
5. English Hand Out, Forward, XII Grade for Vocational School.

Modul For XII Grade Page 38