40
7 66 7
7
13
12
30
128
20 210
114
25
25
25
70 70
7
13
4
156
108
5
25
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
BAB IV
40.00 m
A
A ± 0,00
-2,10 m
- 5,25 m
###
-7,25 m
(a)
50 600 50
Potongan A - A
(b)
Page 4
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Pipa sandaran
10 cm
30 cm
30 cm
30 cm
20 cm
18 cm
200 cm
- Diameter = 60.5 mm
- Tebal = 2.3 mm
Page 5
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 1584 kg/cm2
= 960 kg/cm2
Hitung :
Akibat beban mati dan beban luar
q = 1,2.qD + 1,6.qL = 1,2 . 3.3 + 1,6 . 100 = 163.96 kg/m
Page 6
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Vy 163.96
Fvy = = = 38.992 kg/cm2 < 960 kg/cm2 Ok ...
A 4.21
12
10 cm
Ph
30 cm
90 cm
30 cm
30 cm
20 cm
I I
18 cm
c c
m m
Gambar 4-3 Potongan Melintang Bahu Jembatan
k.lu
kelangsingan = …………………………………………………5/II-38
r
lu = 100 cm
Ig 1/12 . 12 . 15 3
r =radius girasi = =
Ag 12 . 15
2 . 100
kelangsingan = = 44 > 22 kolom langsing
4.5
Page 7
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Cm
d=
Pu ……………………………………………5/II-38
1-
f.Pc
Cm = 1 ( konservatif )
Pu = 1.2 . 63 = 76 kg
p 2 . EI
Pc = ……………………………………………..5/II-38
(k . Lu)2
Ec . Ig
EI = ……………….…………………...….5/II-38
2,5 . (1 + bd)
Ig = 1/12 . b. h 3 = 1/12 . 12 . 15 3
= 3375 cm 4
bd = 1
64229 . 3375
EI = = 108385689 kg.cm2
2,5 + ( 1 + 1 )
p2 . 108385689
Pc = = 10686395.4 kg
( 2 . 100 ) 2
1
d= = 1.000011
75.6
1-
### . 10686395
Hitung :
Pu 75.6
Pn perlu = = = 116 kg
f 0.65
Page 8
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Mc 35200.38
Mn perlu= = = 54154.436 kg,cm
f 0.65
54154.436 ###
e= = 465.61 cm
116.30769
0,003.(d-c)
fs' = Es . Es = 200000 Mpa
c
= 2000000 kg/cm2
. 0.003 ( 12 - 7.5 )
fs' = 2000000 = 3600 kg/cm2
7.5
Page 9
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 4.5 cm
Vu = 200 kg
1
Vc = .√fc'. b . d
6
1
= . 18.7 . 120 . 120
6
= 10371 N = 1037 kg
3.Av.fy 3 . 57 . 240
s= =
b 120
= 339.12 mm
Page 10
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
15
12
10 cm
h1
30 cm
q = 500 kg/m
90 cm 30 cm
I
30 cm
500 kg
20 cm
18 cm
70
70
50 15
Page 11
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
1 2
M I-I = . q1 . l1 + p1 . l2 + h1 . l3
2
+ h2 . l4
1 2
= . 1390 . 0.15 + 58.98 . 0.23 + 200 . 1.28
2
+ 500 . 0.38
D I-I = q1 . l1 + p1
= 267.48 kg
Penulangan :
Mu = 7284428 Nmm
Hitung :
1.4 1.4
r min = = = 0.00583
fy 240
Page 12
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
0.85 . 19 600
= 0.75 0.85
240 600 + 240
= 0.0301
###
600 600
amaks = 0.75 . b 1 . d = 0.75 0.85 142
600 + fy 600 + 240
= 64.661 mm
amaks
Mnada = 0.85 . fc' . b. .amaks d -
2
64.661
= 0.85 19 1000 64.661 180 -
2
= 151569305 Nmm
Mu 7284428.4
Mnperlu = = = 9105536 Nmm
Φ 0.8
fy 240
m = = = 15.1193
0.85 . fc' 0.85 . 19
Mu 7284428.4256142
Rn = = = 0.4515739
Φ .b .d 2 0.8 . 1000 . 142 2
1 2 . m . Rn
r = m . 1 - 1 -
fy
1 2 15.1193007 0.45157387086
r = 15 . 1 - 1 -
240
r = 0.0019091
Cek :
Page 13
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
As = r .b .d
= 0.0058 . 1000 . 142
= 828.33 mm2
1
Vc = .√fc'. b . d
6
1
= . 18.7 . 1000 . 142
6
= 102275 N = 10227 kg
Page 14
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
88
10
45o 45o 18
50
77
70 80.00 70
= 34.586 kg.m
Page 15
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 17.293 kg.m
S+2
Mo = . T ( lb.ft) ……………………………...….…..7/IV-11
32
dimana : S = 77 cm = 2.5246 ft
T = 7000 kg = 15419 lb
2.5246 + 2
Mo = . 15419
32
20
Faktor kejut : K = 1 + …………………………..7/IV-11
50 + 0.77
K = 1.3939
= 110372 kg.cm
Page 16
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Penulangan lapangan :
Mu = 17867052 Nmm
Hitung :
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00583
fy 240
0.85 . 19 600
= 0.75 0.85
240 600 + 240
= 0.0301
600 600
amaks = 0.75 . b1 . d = 0.75 0.85 142
600 + fy 600 + 240
= 64.661 mm
amaks
Mnada = 0.85 . fc' . b. .amaks d -
2
64.661
= 0.85 18.7 1000 64.661 180 -
2
= 151569305 Nmm
Mu 17867052
Mnperlu = = = 22333815 Nmm
Φ 0.8
Page 17
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
fy 240
m = = = 15.1193
0.85 . fc' 0.85 . 19
Mu 17867051.902198
Rn = = = 1.1076084
Φ. b . d
2 0.8 . 1000 . 142 2
1 2 . m . Rn
r = m . 1 - 1 -
fy
1 2 15.1193007 1.10760835537
r = 15 . 1 - 1 -
240
r = 0.0047884
Cek :
As = r .b.d
= 0.0058 . 1000 . 142
= 828.33 mm 2
Penulangan tumpuan :
Mu = 18074567 Nmm
Page 18
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 180 - 30 - 0.5 . 16
= 142 mm
Hitung :
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00583
fy 240
0.85 . 19 600
= 0.75 0.85
240 600 + 240
= 0.0301
600 600
amaks = 0.75 . b1 . d = 0.75 0.85 142
600 + fy 600 + 240
= 64.661 mm
amaks
Mnada = 0.85 . fc' . b. .amaks d -
2
64.661
= 0.85 19 1000 64.661 180 -
2
= 151569305 Nmm
Mu 18074567
Mnperlu = = = 22593209 Nmm
Φ 0.8
fy 240
m = = = 15.1193
0.85 . fc' 0.85 . 19
Mu 18074566.902198
Rn = = = 1.1204726
Φ. b . d 2 0.8 . 1000 . 142 2
Page 19
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
1 2 . m . Rn
r = m . 1 - 1 -
fy
1 2 15.1193007 1.12047255642
r = 15 . 1 - 1 -
240
r = 0.0048462
Cek :
As = r .b.d
= 828.33 mm2
T = 7000 kg
S = 77 cm = 2.525 ft
= 4 + 0.06 . 2.525
= 4.151 ft
Page 20
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 1.266 m
7000
Peq = = 5528 kg/m'
1.266
D tot = 5070 kg
1
Vc = .√fc'. b . d
6
1
= . 18.7 . 1000 . 142
6
= 102275 N = 10227 kg
V 5070
v = = = 0.036 Mpa
b.d 1000 . 142
1 1
vc = .√fc' = . 18.7 = 0.393 Mpa
11 11
Page 21
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
3 3
vs = .√fc' = . 18.675 = 0.540 Mpa
8 8
( v - vc ) £ vs
v < 1/2vc
= 113.04 mm
Pembebanan :
Page 22
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Penulangan lapangan :
Mu = 435703.13 Nmm
= 1650 - 50 - 0.5 . 14
= 1593 mm
Hitung :
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00583
fy 240
0.85 . 19 600
= 0.75 0.85
240 600 + 240
= 0.0301
600 600
amaks = 0.75 . b1 . d = 0.75 0.85 1593
600 + fy 600 + 240
= 725.38 mm
amaks
Mnada = 0.85 . fc' . b. .amaks d -
2
725.38
= 0.85 19 150 725.38 ### -
2
Page 23
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 2124968933 Nmm
Mu 435703.13
Mnperlu = = = 544629 Nmm
Φ 0.8
fy 240
m = = = 15.1193
0.85 . fc' 0.85 . 19
Mu 435703.125
Rn = = = 0.0014308
Φ. b . d 2 0.8 . 150 . ### 2
1 2 . m . Rn
r = m . 1 - 1 -
fy
1 2 15.1193007 0.00143079653
r = 15 . 1 - 1 -
240
r = 0.0000060
Cek :
As = r .b.d
= 1393.9 mm2
Penulangan tumpuan :
Mu = 871406.25 Nmm
Page 24
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 1650 - 50 - 0.5 . 14
= 1593 mm
Hitung :
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00583
fy 240
0.85 . 19 600
= 0.75 0.85
240 600 + 240
= 0.0301
600 600
amaks = 0.75 . b1 . d = 0.75 0.85 1593
600 + fy 600 + 240
= 725.38 mm
amaks
Mnada = 0.85 . fc' . b. .amaks d -
2
725.38
= 0.85 19 150 725.38 ### -
2
= 2124968933 Nmm
Mu 871406.25
Mnperlu = = = 1089258 Nmm
Φ 0.8
fy 240
m = = = 15.1193
0.85 . fc' 0.85 . 19
Page 25
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Mu 871406.25
Rn = = = 0.0028616
Φ. b . d 2 0.8 . 150 . ### 2
1 2 . m . Rn
r = m . 1 - 1 -
fy
1 2 15.1193007 0.00286159305
r = 15 . 1 - 1 -
240
r = 0.0000119
Cek :
As = r .b .d
= 1393.9 mm2
1
Vc = .√fc'. b . d
6
1
= . 18.7 . 150 . 1593
6
= 172102 N = 17210 kg
Page 26
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
Sehingga beban yang dipikul oleh slab berat sendiri dan pelat di atasnya
Pembebanan :
- Beban mati
- Beban hidup
qL = 185 kg/m'
Page 27
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
= 226 kg
Penulangan :
Mu = 290175.14 Nmm
= 70 - 30 - 0.5 . 8
= 36 mm
Hitung :
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00583
fy 240
0.85 . 19 600
= 0.75 0.85
240 600 + 240
= 0.0301
600 600
amaks = 0.75 . b1 . d = 0.75 0.85 36
600 + fy 600 + 240
= 16.393 mm
Page 28
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
amaks
Mnada = 0.85 . fc' . b. .amaks d -
2
16.393
= 0.85 19 1000 16.393 70 -
2
= 16082285.3 Nmm
Mu 290175.14
Mnperlu = = = 362719 Nmm
Φ 0.8
fy 240
m = = = 15.1193
0.85 . fc' 0.85 . 19
Mu 290175.14166667
Rn = = = 0.2798757
Φ. b . d 2 0.80 . 1000 . 36 2
1 2 . m . Rn
r = m . 1 - 1 -
fy
1 2 15.1193007 0.27987571534
r = 15 . 1 - 1 -
240
r = 0.0011766
Cek :
As = r .b.d
= 0.0058 . 1000 . 36
= 210 mm2
Page 29
Eddy Chandra/ D 111 00 060
1
Vc = .√fc'. b . d
6
1
= . 18.7 . 1000 . 36
6
= 25929 N = 2593 kg
Page 30
4.8. Perhitungan Balok Utama
sistim post-tensioning.
- Panjang jembatan = 50 m
80
20
20
12
210
25
25
70
30 cm
150 115 30 cm
20 cm
18 cm
70 70 70
150 50
( Mengambil balok tengah sebagai balok rencana yang memikul beban terbesar )
a. Beban mati
1. Beban mati
q = 1297 kg/m'
M1 = 1/8 . q . L###
= 405390.63 kg.m
M2 = 2 . M3 ( balok tepi )
100%P
25 275 50%.P
a. Beban jalur
b. Beban garis
1. Beban jalur
30 m ≤ L ≤ 60 m
dimana L = 50.00 m
q = 1.83 t/m'
P 1.83
q' = = = 0.6667 T/m2
2.75 2.75
Beban jalur
2. Beban garis
12.00 12.00
P' = = = 4.3636 T/m'
2.75 2.75
Faktor kejut : 20
K = 1 +
50 + 50
K = 1.200
Beban garis
- Balok tengah
80
20
1 7
2
###
13
3 3 ###
12
Yt
7
4
ht = 210
Yb
5 5
25
6 25
70
A1 = 66 . 7 = 462 cm2
A2 = 80 . 13 = 1040 cm2
A6 = 70 . 25 = 1750 cm2
A.Yo 813380
Yt = = = 107.92 cm
A 7537
Modulus penampang :
I 41929289
Zt = = = 388528 cm3
Yt 107.91831
I 41929289
Zb = = = 410742.52 cm3
Yb 102.08169
- Balok ujung
66
60 7
1 7
3 2 3 13
4
Yt
10
5
Yb
5 5 5
6 25
70
###
Gambar 4-11 Sifat - Sifat Penampang Balok Ujung
A1 = 66 . 7 = 462 cm2
A2 = 80 . 13 = 1040 cm2
A3 = 1/2 10 . 4 . 2 = 40 cm2
A5 = 1/2 5 . 5 . 2 = 25 cm2
A6 = 70 . 25 = 1750 cm2
Tabel 4.2 Perhitungan Sifat - Sifat Penampang Ujung
A.Yo 1E+06
Yt = = = 104.52 cm
A 13217
Modulus penampang :
I 55987540
Zt = = = 535668.78 cm3
Y t
104.51895
I 55987540
Zb = = = 530782.93 cm3
Y b
105.48105
b. Perhitungan sifat - sifat penampang komposit.
bm
18
Ytc
cgc
210
bw
Ybc
S S
1. bm £ 1/4. L ………………………………………..….7/IV-21
£ 12.5 m
2. bm ≤ S …………………………………..……………7/IV-21
≤ 1.5 m
3. bm ≤ bw + 12t
≤ 2.36 m
= 6400.√f'ck
6400 . √ 225
n= = 0.6124
6400 . √ 600
Yct = SA.Yo =
963927
= 104.88 cm
A 9190
Modulus penampang :
Ic 59518861
Zct = = = 567472.93 cm3
Yct 104.88405
Ic 59518861
Zcb = = = 483437.46 cm3
Ycb 123.11595
- Balok ujung
bm
18
Ytc
cgc
bw
210
Ybc
S S
1. bm £ 1/4. L ………………………………………..….7/IV-21
£ 12.5 m
2. bm ≤ S …………………………………..……………7/IV-21
≤ 1.5 m
3. bm ≤ bw + 12t
≤ 2.76 m
= 6400.√f'ck
6400 . √ 225
n= = 0.6124
6400 . √ 600
Modulus penampang :
I 74969838
Zct = = = 682182.46 cm3
Yc t 109.9
I 74969838
Zcb = = = 634783.77 cm3
Ycb 118.1
a. Perhitungan tegangan - tegangan beton pada serat atas dan serat bawah
akibat beban mati yang harus dipikul oleh balok utama( tanpa pelat )
Telah diperloleh
Zt = 388528 cm3
Zb = 410742.52 cm3
Mg = 1/8 . Wg. l2
= 1/8 . 1884 . 50 2
Mg 58882813
fgb = = = 143.35699 kg/cm2
Zb 410742.52
Mp = 1/8 . qp. l2
= 1/8 . 675 . 50 2
Mp 21093750
fp t = = = 54.291451 kg/cm2
Zt 388528
Mp 21093750
fpb = = = 51.355165 kg/cm2
Zb 410742.52
fdb = Md =
1206562.5
= 2.9375154 kg/cm2
Zb
410742.52
qb = 134.75 kg/m'
Mb = 1/8 . qb . l2
= 1/8 . 134.75 . 50 2
Mb 4210937.5
fb b = = = 10.252013 kg/cm2
Zb 410742.52
qs = 185 kg/m'
Ms = 1/8 . qs . l2
= 1/8 . 185 . 50 2
Mb 5781250
fs t = = = 14.879879 kg/cm2
Zt
388528
Mb 5781250
fs b = = = 14.075119 kg/cm2
Zb
410742.52
b. Perhitungan tegangan akibat beban mati dan beban hidup yang dipikul
= 1/8 . 300 . 50 2
Mas 9375000
fasts =
Zct = 567472.93 = 16.520612 kg/cm
2
Yct -t tc 104.88 - 18
fast = . fas = . 16.520612
Yct 104.884052778
= 13.685376 kg/cm2
Mas 9375000
fasb = = = 19.392374 kg/cm2
Zcb 483437.46
Mw = 1/8 . qw . l2
= 1/8 . 75 . 50 2
Mw 2343750
fwts = = = 4.130153 kg/cm2
Zct 567472.93
Yct -t ts 104.88 - 18
fwt = . fw = . 4.130153
Yct 104.884052778
= 3.421344 kg/cm2
Mw 2343750
fw b = = = 4.8480935 kg/cm2
Zcb 483437.46
ML = 41068182 kg.cm
ML 41068182
fLts = = = 72.370293 kg/cm2
Zct 567472.93
Yct -t ts 104.88 - 18
fLt = f
Yct . L = 104.884052778 . 72.370293
= 59.950242 kg/cm2
ML 41068182
fLb = = = 84.950351 kg/cm2
Zcb 483437.46
= 311.72552 kg/cm2
= 331.16762 kg/cm2
fDLb = fgb + fpb + fdb + fbb + fsb + fasb + fwb
= f total - fs
= 0,45 . f'ck
= 0,5 . √ f'ck
= 0,5 . √ f'ck
x = 15%. htot
Yt = 15%. 210
htot = 31.5 cm
e = Yb - x
e
Yb
= 102.08 - 31.5
x
= 70.582 cm
F F .e
fbpost = +
A Zb
F F . 72.082
### = +
7537 410742.52193
F = #VALUE! kg
Digunakan kawat pratekan type unit VSL 27 dengan jumlah kawat untaian
F
n =
Final force
###
=
301900
A BALOK PRATEKAN
###
c.g.c balok
###
A
107.92
210
###
###
e
###
###
102.08
12
12
12 x
12
POTONGAN A-A
xn = 12 + 24 + 36 + 48
= 120
xn 120
x= = = 30 cm
n 4
e = Yb - x
= 102.08 - 30
= 72.082 cm
F = 4 . 301900
= 1207600 kg
7.567 o
F1
###
5.331 o
F2
c.g.c balok
F3
3.153 o
F4
###
0.975 o
33
104.52
50
210
50
105.48
50
27
POTONGAN A-A
= 372.146 kg/cm2
fFt = F - F.et
A Z
= -63.817 kg/cm2
fFts = F - F.et
Ac Z c
= -66.8 kg/cm2
Yct - t ts
fFt = . fF
Yct
104.88 - 18
= . -66.756
104.88
= -55.3 kg/cm2
F F.e
fFb = +
Ac Zcb
= 363.996 kg/cm2
Mg = 58882813 kg.cm
fgts = Mg t =
58882813
Zc 567472.93
= 103.763 kg/cm2
Yct - t ts
fg t = f
Yct . g
104.88 - 18
= . 103.763
104.88
= 85.956 kg/cm2
Mg 58882813
fgb =
Zcb = 483437.46
= 121.8 kg/cm2
Mp = 21093750 kg.cm
fpts = Mp t =
21093750
Zc 567472.93
= 37.1714 kg/cm2
Yct - t ts
fp t = . fp
` Yct
104.88 - 18
= . 37.1714
104.88
= 30.792 kg/cm2
Mp 21093750
fpb = =
Zcb 483437.46
= 43.6328 kg/cm2
Md = 1206562.5 kg.cm
fdts = Md 1206562.5
Zct = 567472.93
= 2.1262 kg/cm2
Yct - t ts
fd t = . fd
Yct
104.88 - 18
= . 2.1262
104.88
= 1.7613 kg/cm2
fdb = Md =
1206562.5
Zcb 483437.46
= 2.4958 kg/cm2
Mb = 4210937.5 kg.cm
Mb 4210937.5
fbts = =
Zct 567472.93
= 7.42051 kg/cm2
Yct - t ts
fb t = . fb
Yct
104.88 - 18
= . 7.42051
104.88
= 6.147 kg/cm2
Mb 4210937.5
fbb = =
Zcb 483437.46
= 8.71041 kg/cm2
fasts = Mas
t =
9375000
Zc 567472.93
= 16.5206 kg/cm2
Yc t - t
fast = . fasts
Yct
104.88 - 18
= . 16.5206
104.88
= 13.685 kg/cm2
Mas 9375000
fasb = =
Zcb 483437.46
= 19.3924 kg/cm2
Mw = 2343750 kg.cm
Mw 2343750
fwts = =
Zct 567472.93
= 4.13015 kg/cm2
Yc t - t
fw t = f ts
Yct . w
104.88 - 18
= . 4.13015
104.88
= 3.4213 kg/cm2
Mw 2343750
f wb =
Zcb = 483437.46
= 4.84809 kg/cm2
ML = 41068182 kg.cm
ML 41068182
fLts = =
Zct 567472.93
= 72.3703 kg/cm2
Yc t - t
fLt = . fLts
Yct
104.88 - 18
= . 72.3703
104.88
= 59.95 kg/cm2
ML 41068182
fLb = =
Zcb 483437.46
= 84.9504 kg/cm2
F1 = F2 = F3 = F4 = 301900 kg
A = 13217 cm2
Zt = 535669 cm3
Zb = 530783 cm3
BALOK PRATEKAN
A
7.567 o
F1
###
5.331 o
F2
c.g.c balok
F3
3.153 o
F4 ###
0.975 o
33
y 104.5
###
50
210
50
105.5
50
27
POTONGAN A-A
= 1203169 kg
F1.cos( 7.567 ) . 33 + F2.cos( 5.331 ) . 83 + F3.cos( 3.153 ) . 133 + F4.cos( 0.975 ) . 183
y=
Ftot
F. ( cos( 7.567 ) . 33 + cos( 5.331 ) . 83 + cos( 3.153 ) . 133 + cos( 0.975 ) . 183 )
y=
1203169
= 108.18 - 104.52
= 3.66 cm
F tot F tot . e
fFt = -
A Zt
= 82.8119 kg/cm2
F tot F tot . e
fFb = +
A Zb
1203169 1203169 . 3.66
= +
13217 530783
= 99.3276 kg/cm2
16.28 cm
t = 18
33
Yct = 109.9
y
###
50 Yt = 104.52
50
27
F F.e
fFts = -
Ac Zct
= 52.1944 kg/cm2
Yct - t ts
fFt = . fF
Yct
109.9 - 18
= . 52.1944
109.9
= 43.645 kg/cm2
fFb = F + F.eb
Ac Z c
= 111.77 kg/cm2
ft = fFt + fgt
= -63.82 + 151.55
fb = fFb + fgb
= 372.15 - 143.36
gaya prategang.
a. sebelum komposit
fFt = F tot - F tott . e
A Z
= 82.8119 kg/cm2
= 99.3276 kg/cm2
b. setelah komposit
fFts = F - F.et
Ac Zc
Yct - t ts
fFt = . fF
Yct
109.9 - 18
= . 52.1944
109.9
F F.e
fFb = +
Ac Zcb
1203169
= = 91.0319 kg/cm2
13217
Pada Ujung
F
fFt = fFb =
A
1203169
=
13217
fs1 = n . F ………………………...………………..7/IV-47
A
dimana :
Es
n=
Ec
= 1,81 . 10###
1.95 . 10###
n= = ###
1,81 . 10###
1E+06
fs1 = ### .
7537
= ### kg/cm2
Es
fsc = Kcr . .f b ……………………………………..4/99
Ec F
dimana :
###
fs2 = = ### kg/cm2
92
= 594 kg/cm2
Relaksasi baja setelah 1000 jam pada 0,7 dari beban putus
= 7% . 18750 kg
301900
fnominal = = 13300 kg/cm2
22.7
= fpj.e-(ma+)kl)
f = 72.1 cm
4.f.x
y= . (L-x)
L2
Pada ujung x= 0
dy 4.f 4 . 0.72
= = = 0.0721 ( dalam radian )
dx L 40
= 0.04642
= 12522
Sehingga
= 13300 - 12522
= 777.25 kg/cm2
50
4 . 0.7208 8 . 0.7208 . x 2
L =ò 1+ -
50 50 2
0
= 50.029 m = 5003 cm
+ ###
= ### kg/cm2
= ### kg
= ### . -63.82
= ### kg/cm2
= ### . 372.15
= ### kg/cm2
= ### . 82.812
= ### kg/cm2
= ### . 99.328
= ### kg/cm2
ft = fFot + fgt
= ### + 151.55
fb = fFob + fgb
= ### - 143.36
ft = fFot + fgt
= ### + 0
= ### kg/cm2 < ### kg/cm2 ###
fb = fFob + fgb
= ### + 0
dimana :
Mu = Momen ultimate
= 212195301 kg.cm
btr
d
ht
h
= 91.86 cm = 36.164 in
d = ht - x
= 210 + 18 = 228 cm
= 89.76 in
= 29 cm = 11.42 in
= 89.76 - 11.42
= 78.346 in
ρp = 14.07
= 0.002
91.856 . 78.346
fpu
fps = fpu . 1 - 0,5 . ρp . ……..…..……...………….3/157
f'c
431200
fpu = = 18996 kg/cm2
22.7
= 269938 lb/in2
269938
= 269938 . 1 - 0,5 . 0.002 .
7077
= ### lb/in2
Aps . fps
q = ωp = b ……………….………...……….3/160
tr . d . f'c
14.074 . ###
=
36.164 . 89.76 . 7077
selanjutnya hitung :
q .d
1.18 . β ………………..………………………..7/IV-54
1
dimana :
= ###
### . 78.346
1.18 . = ### in2 < hf = 7.0866 in2
#VALUE!
= ### lb
= ### lb
Tnw
qw = ……………………………………7/IV-55
bw . d . f'c
#VALUE!
=
7.874 . 78.346 . 7076.9
a = 1,18 . qw . d …...……...……...…………………3/161
= ### in
…………………….....…..………….3/170
= #VALUE! lb.in
Mn = #VALUE! kg.cm
###
a. Sebelum komposit
I 55987540
Kt = = = 40.159 cm
A.Yb 13217 . 105.48
I 55987540
Kb = = = 40.529 cm
A.Yt 13217 . 104.52
b. Setelah komposit
Kct =
Ic 74969838
= = 42.688 cm
Ac.Ycb 14870 . 118.1
Kcb =
Ic 74969838
= = 45.875 cm
Ac.Yct
14870 . 109.9
a. Sebelum komposit
I 41929289
Kt = = = 54.497 cm
A.Yb 7537 . 102.08
I 41929289
Kb = = = 51.549 cm
A.Yt 7537 . 107.92
b. Setelah komposit
Kct =
Ic 59518861
= = 52.602 cm
Ac.Ycb 9190 . 123.12
Kcb =
Ic 59518861
= = 61.746 cm
Ac.Yct 9190 . 104.88
x q t/m'
Qx
Rv
L = 50 m
Qx = q . x
Mx = Rv.x- Qx.1/2.x
= 1/2.qx . ( L - x )
= 25 q.x - 1/2 .q . x2
Rv
10 10 10 10 10
L = 50 m
Rv = 3P
- Untuk 0≤x≤10
Mx = Rv.x - P.x
- Untuk 10≤x≤20
= P.x + 10P
- Untuk 20≤x≤30
= 30P
Tabel 4.6 Nilai Momen Akibat Beban Titik
1 1.609 14 19.305
###
2 3.218 15 20.109
###
3 4.826 16 20.914
###
4 6.435 17 21.718
###
5 8.044 18 22.523
6 9.653 19 23.327
7 11.261 20 24.131
8 12.870 21 24.131
9 14.479 22 24.131
###
10 16.088 23 24.131
11 16.892 24 24.131
###
12 17.696 25 24.131
###
13 18.501
###
3. Akibat beban hidup
= 0.6667 . 0.8 .
= 0.5000 t/m'
ML1= 1/2.qL.x.( L - x )
= 1/2. 0.5000 . x . ( 50 - x )
= 12.500 .x - 0.250 . x2
- Beban garis : P = P". 0.8 . K
= 3.9273 ton
1
Rv = . P . 50 - x
50
x
= P. 1 -
50
ML2 = P . 1 - x . x
50
2 24 7.5404 31.54
4 46 14.452 60.452
6 66 20.736 86.736
8 84 26.391 110.39
Mmaks = Mg + Mp + Mb + Mas + Mw + Md + ML
Mmin Mmaks
Jarak x Mmin Mmaks
Fotot Ftot
m t.m t.m m m
Dalam menentukan letak titik berat kawat pratekan pada daerah tumpuan
Untuk itu pada daerah ujung, balok kita modifikasi sedemikian rupa guna
end-block nantinya.
x e fFot fFob
(cm) (cm) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2)
x e fFt fFb
(cm) (cm) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2)
0 0.00 43.6454976625 111.770378008
x fFt fFb fg t fg b ft fb
(cm) a b c d a+c b+d
0 ### ### 0 0 ### #VALUE!
dimana : ft = fg + fp + fas + fw + fd + fL
c1
c2 b1
c3 1
x
c4 2 b2
3 b3
4 b
4
L= 50 m
4.bn.x.
y= . ( 1 - x/L) + Cn ………………….…....……………….6/II-73
L
4.bn.x.
y= . ( 1 - x/L) + Cn
L
4.bn.x. 4.bn.x2.
y= -
L L2
dy 4.bn 8.bn.x
= - x=0
dx L L2
dy 4.bn
=
dx L
Tabel 4.19 Koordinat Tiap Tendon Dalam Arah Sumbu X-Y Terhadap c.g.c
600
Luas bantalan ( Ab )
Ab = 3E+05 mm2
600
###
A'b
= 1.217
Ab
580
A'b
fcp = 0,6.f'c.
Ab ……………………….…………………………..4/277
F 1207600
Luas bantalan yang dibutuhkan = f = = ### cm2
cp ###
A'b
fcp = 0,8.f'ci. - 0,2 diambil f'ci 80% f'c
Ab ……………….…...…..4/277
2
Fo 1203169
Luas bantalan yang dibutuhkan = f = = ### cm
cp ###
2
Maka luas bantalan yang digunakan adalah ### cm
2
Dipakai bantalan ukuran 51 x 58 = 2958 cm###> ### cm###
Tahap 9. Perencanaan tulangan geser
Gaya geser vertikal ditinjau pada hc/2 dari muka ujung perletakan :
hc/2 hc = 228 cm
Rv
diambil x = 1.00 m
Tabel 4.20 Nilai Gaya Dalam Kritis Pada Jarak 1,00 m Dari Perletakan
VD = Vps + Vcs
= 64310.375 + 9187.500 = 73497.88 kg
= 129839.86 kg
vu = Vu
…………………………..….…………………………..7/IV-73
f . bw . d
dimana :
= 198 cm
vu = 129839.86
= ### kg/cm2 = ### lb/in2
0,85 . 20 . 198
Ketahanan geser ultimate dari penampang beton pratekan yang melawan retak
dimana :
= 39805.34 kg
= 87676.95 lb
= 3489187.89 lb.in
badan balok )
Zcb
∆Mcr = F .( e - kt ). Mps - fr . Zcb …….…………...………….7/IV-74
Zb
dimana :
F = 1207600 kg 2659911.9 lb
= -554.03 lb/in2
38725.276
∆Mcr = . 2659912 . 0.00 - 20.71 - 5576882.219
32377.367
- -554.03 . ###
= 279027242 lb.in
dp = 198.00 cm = 77.95 in
bw = 20 cm = 7.87 in
sehingga :
87676.95 . 279027241.74
.
3489187.89
= 11709.18 lb/in2
Kekuatan geser ultimate dari beton di dalam suatu penampang karena retak ge-
dimana :
tikan.
= 89499.6 kg
= 197136 lb
kan = F/Ac
1207600
= = 81.208 kg/cm2
14870.41
σg = 1154 lb/in2
= 990.56 lb/in2
vu > vcw
0.34 . 20 . 61
=
2400
= 0.1728 cm2
Sengkang pertama diletakkan 200 mm dari ujung dengan jarak 405 mm ( ACI )
vuh = Vu ………..…………………………..………………7/IV-76
b . hpc
dimana :
Vu = 129839.86 kg = 285990.88 lb
bw = 20 cm = 7.87 in
vuh = 438.06 > vnh = 350 maka perlu tulangan geser tambahan
( vnh - vuh ) . bw . s
Ah =
fy
6.197 . 20 . 20
=
2400
= 1.0328 cm2
F = 1207600 kg
∆F = F . e . l
2
………………………..………………………….7/IV-78
8.EI
= 22.851 cm
5 wg . l4
∆g = . ………………………….…………..………7/IV-78
384 EI
5 18.843 . 4000 4
= .
384 128000 . 59518861
= 8.244 cm
5 qp . l4
∆p = .
384 EI
5 6.750 . 4000 4
= .
384 128000 . 59518861
= 2.953 cm
4. Lendutan akibat berat balok diafragma.
P = 804.38 kg
x
P P P P P P
Rv
10 10 10 10 10
L = 50 m
Q1 Q 1608750 kg.cm
2
### kg.cm
Q3 Q4
Rv
Jadi :
Mm
∆d = ……………………………..……..……..…………..7/IV-79
EI
dimana :
Q1 = 804375000 kg.cm2
Q2 = 1608750000 kg.cm2
Q3 = 402187500 kg.cm2
Q4 = 1206562500 kg.cm2
Rv = 4021875000 kg.cm2
Mm = 4021875000 . 2500 - 804375000 . 1833
- 1206562500 . 250
= 6334453125000 kg.cm3
6334453125000
∆d =
128000 . 59518861
= 0.831 cm
5 qas . l4
∆as = .
384 EI
5 3.000 . 4000 4
= .
384 128000 . 59518861
= 1.313 cm
5 qw . l4
∆w = .
384 EI
5 0.750 . 4000 4
= .
384 128000 . 59518861
= 0.328 cm
q
∆L1 = 5 . L1. l
4
384 EI
5 5.000 . 4000 4
= .
384 128000 . 59518861
= 2.188 cm
p= 3.927 ton'
∆L2 = 1 . p . l
4
……………………………………...……….7/IV-80
48 EI
1 3927.27 . 4000 3
= .
48 128000 . 59518861
= 0.687 cm
1 1
∆ maks = . L = . 4000 = 11.111 cm …………….…..6/II-87
360 360
∆= ∆F + ∆g
∆= ∆F + ∆g ∆p + ∆d ∆as + ∆w + ∆L
F F .e
sFt = + t
A Z
= 99.252 kg/cm2
F F .e
sFb = + b
A Z
= 82.736 kg/cm2
a'
a
a'
c.g.c balok
a
a'
a
a'
b = 97.679 kg/cm2
c = 97.3644 kg/cm2
d d = 85.0956 kg/cm2
e
Bila kita kalikan dengan lebar penampangnya maka tegangan persatuan panjang
c = 5841.86 kg/cm'
d = 5105.74 kg/cm'
d
e e = 5929.17 kg/cm'
###
13 II
148407.1 kg
4 III 7814.32 kg/cm ' 168617.5 kg
5841.86 kg/cm'
###
156 IV
###
5105.74 kg/cm' 1195512 kg
5 V 1206750 kg
5929.17 kg/cm'
###
25 VI
kg
5791.54 kg/cm ' F = 1347881
AREA 2 51.26 cm
###
5478.8 kg/cm'
AREA 3 51.26 cm
5236.92 kg/cm '
27.8 cm
AREA 4
AREA 1
6550.63 kg/cm'
7 1 2
7896.11 kg/cm'
A1 = 6550.63 x 7 = 45854.4 kg
4 7896.11 kg/cm'
13 3
7814.32 kg/cm'
A3 = 7814.32 x 13 = 101586 kg
7814.32 kg/cm'
4 5 6
5841.86 kg/cm'
A5 = 5841.86 x 4 = 23367.5 kg
5841.86 kg/cm'
7 8
25.68
5720.69 kg/cm'
AREA 2
5720.69 kg/cm'
2
51.26 1
5478.8 kg/cm'
yu2 = S
An.yi 21564240
= = 75.125 cm
S A 287043
AREA 3
5478.8 kg/cm'
2
51.26 1
5236.92 kg/cm'
yu3 = S
An.yi 34708726
= = 126.38 cm
S A 274644
AREA 4
5236.92 kg/cm'
2
27.80 1
5105.74 kg/cm'
5105.74 kg/cm'
5 3 4
5929.17 kg/cm'
6 5929.17 kg/cm'
25 5
5791.54 kg/cm'
A3 = 5791.54 x 25.0 = 144788 kg
yu4 = S
An.yi 57835298
= = 181.95 cm
S A 317859
F = 1347881 kg
a - a1 3
= 0,04.F + 0,2 . [ ] . F
a + a1
= 4.3 cm2
1 2 3 4
Sisi prisma ( 2a ) 0.59 0.41 0.44 0.47
A BB C x
a/2 Ö g (0,4+ g ) a 2a
h 210
D= = = 105 cm
2 2
h 210
= = 70 cm
3 3
5.h 1050
= = 175 cm
6 6
A A
40 Æ 18
8 Æ 10
POTONGAN A-A
- Beban mati :
1. Berat balok pratekan ( Vg )
6. Gaya pratekan.
= 89.4996 ton
VD = Vg + Vp + Vas + Vw + Vd+VF
= 38 + 14 + 6 + 2 + 2 + 89
= 151 ton
- Beban hidup : VL
= 4 ton
VL = VL1+ VL2
= 10 + 4 = 14 ton
V = 1,4 . VD + 1,7 . VL
yang cukup sehingga kita dapat memperoleh hasil desain yang kokoh dan mampu be-
kerja sama antar tiap bagian secara kompak dalam memikul beban.
F = 1207600 kg
Ac = 9190 cm2
Ytc = 105 cm
Ybc = 123.12 cm
Ztc/Ac = 61.75 cm
Zbc/Ac = 52.60 cm
Fo = ### kg
Ztc fci
. 1- ………….……
Ac F/Ac
Zbc fti
. 1- ………….……
Ac F/Ac
Ztc fcis
. 1- ………….……
Ac Fo/Ac
Zbc ftis
. 1- ………….……
Ac Fo/Ac
dimana :
= 225.00 kg/cm2
11.18 kg/cm2
fcis = Tegangan tekan beton yang d
sementara = 300.00
225.00
61.75 1 -
131.40
-11.18
- 52.60 ###-
131.40
-11.18
61.75 ###-
###
300.00
- 52.60 ###-
###
vu - vc = ###
Kontrol :
vu - vc = ###
###
(
Av =
bw = 20
fy = 2400
dipakai Æ
###
0.3504 =
34105.374449
s = ###
a. Sebelum komposit
Kt = I = 41929289.11156
A.Yb 7537 102.082
= 54.4968 cm
Kb = I = 41929289.11156
A.Yt 7537 107.918
= 51.5494 cm
b. Setelah komposit
Kt = Ic = 59518860.56427
Ac.Ycb 9190.41 123.116
= 52.6024 cm
Kb = Ic = 59518860.56427
Ac.Yct 9190.41 104.884
61.7462
A
A
180
66
60 7
1 7
3 2 3 13
4
10
5 5 5
6 25
70 POT. A - A
###
Gambar 4-19 Daerah blok ujung
A2 = 80 . 13 = 1040
A3 = 1/2 10 . 4 . 2 = 40
A4 = 60 . 165 = 9900
A5 = 1/2 5 . 5 . 2 = 25
A6 = 70 . 25 = 1750
A.Yo 1E+06
Yt = = = 104.52 cm
A 13217
Modulus penampang :
I 55965077
Zt = = = 535453.86
Y t
104.51895
I 55965077
Zb = = = 530570
Y b
105.48105
Σ 14870 1634214
Modulus penampang :
I 74947375
Zct = = = 681978.07
Yct 109.89705
I 74947375
Zcb = b = = 634593.57
Yc 118.10295
Ztc fci
. 1- ………….………..
Ac F/Ac
Zbc fti
. 1- ………….………..
Ac F/Ac
Ztc fcis
. 1- ………….………..
Ac Fo/Ac
Zbc ftis
. 1- ………….………..
Ac Fo/Ac
dimana :
225.00 kg/cm2
fti = Tegangan tarik beton yang diizink
11.18 kg/cm2
sementara = 300.00
225.00
45.86 1 -
81.21
-11.18
- 42.67 1 -
81.21
-11.18
45.86 ###-
###
300.00
- 42.67 ###-
###
PELAT
###
180
Gambar 4-20 Penampang membujur pa
F F .e
ft = -
A Zt
F F .e
fb = + b
A Z
di mana :
c.g.c
Zt = ### cm3
Zb = ### cm3
x e fFt fFb
(cm) (cm) (kg/cm2)(kg/cm2)
0 0.00 ### ###
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
300.00 kg/cm2
11.18 kg/cm2
= 61.7462 cm
a terbesar dari
225.00
= -43.99 cm
131.40
-11.18
= -57.08 cm
131.40
a terkecil dari
-11.18
= ### cm
###
300.00
= ### cm
###
< 8. Ö 8526
vu - vc ) . bw . s
fy
20 cm = 7.9 in
2400 kg/cm2 = 34105 lb/in2
### . 7.9 . s
34105.3744493392
Penegangan tendon 4 :
BALOK PRATEKAN
Pa
###
F1
###
#REF!
c.g.c balok
###
###
F4
###
Pb
#REF!
F1 + F2 #REF! + #REF!
Pa = P b = = = ### kg/cm'
Pa = P b = = = ### kg/cm'
ht #REF!
D =0
x
∫ px - #REF! = 0
0
### x - #REF! = 0
x = ### cm
2
Mmaks = #REF! . ### - 1/2 . ### . #REF!
= #REF! kg.cm'
A1-4 = #REF!
= ### cm2
0,9 . ( 0,9 ) . #REF! . #REF!
Penegangan tendon 4 :
BALOK PRATEKAN
Pa
#REF! #REF! #REF!#REF!#REF!
###
F1
###
###
F2
c.g.c balok
###
###
F4
Pb
#REF!
= ### cm
= #REF! kg/cm'
= #REF! kg/cm'
D =0
px = Pa - ( x/h ). ( Pa - Pb )
x
= #REF! - . #REF! - #REF!
#REF!
= #REF! - #REF! x
x
∫ px - ( F1 ) = 0
0 x
∫ #REF! - #REF! x - #REF! = 0
0
2
#REF! x - #REF! x - #REF! =0
x = 66.73 cm
p ### = #REF! kg/cm'
= #REF! kg.cm'
px = Pa - ( x/h ). ( Pa - Pb )
x
= #REF! - . #REF! - #REF!
#REF!
= #REF! - #REF! x
x
∫ px - ( F 1 + F 2 ) = 0
0 x
∫ #REF! - #REF! x - #REF! = 0
2
#REF! x - #REF! x - #REF! =0
x = 136.57 cm
p ### = #REF! kg/cm'
= #REF! kg.cm'
#REF!
A1-4-2 = = ### cm2
0,9 . ( 0,9 ) . #REF! . #REF!
Penegangan tendon 3 :
BALOK PRATEKAN
Pa
#REF! #REF!#REF!#REF!
###
###
F1
###
###
F2
c.g.c balok
###
F3
###
F4
###
###
F4
#REF!
Pb
#REF!
= ### kg/cm'
D =0
x
∫ px - F1 =0
0
### x - #REF! = 0
x = ### cm
2
Mmaks 1 = #REF! . ### - 1/2 . ### . #REF!
= #REF! kg.cm'
D= 0
x
∫ px - ( F 1 + F 2 ) = 0
0
### x - #REF! = 0
x = ### cm
2
Mmaks 2 = #REF! . ### + #REF! . ### - 1/2 . ### . #REF!
= #REF! kg.cm'
x = #REF! cm
= #REF! kg.cm'
A1-4-2-3 =
#REF!
= ### cm2
0,9 . ( 0,9 ) . #REF! . #REF!
Dari serangkaian urutan penarikan tendon maka kita peroleh luas tulangan yang
7
13
4 dibutuhkan yakni : ### cm2
digunakan
Yt 36 Æ 20 = 113.04 cm2
Yb
5
25
POT. A - A
b . h###
462 cm2
1040 cm2
40 cm2
9900 cm2
25 cm2
1750 cm2
Io Y Io + AY2
cm4 cm cm4
cm
105.48 cm
535453.86 cm3
530570 cm3
sit di ujung
I = 74947375
= 109.9 cm
109.9 = 118.1 cm
681978.07 cm3
634593.57 cm3
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
………….………..…..…………..7/IV-57
kg/cm2
kg/cm2
= -81.20 cm
= -48.55 cm
= ### cm
= ### cm
###
c.g.c composite
e
###
180
nampang membujur pada end-block
= 35200 kg.cm
Eksentrisitas diperoleh :
Mu 35200
e = = = 465.61 cm
Pu 75.60
Penulangan utama :
As
ρ = ρ' = = ### dengan d' = 30 mm
bd
226.08
ρ = = 0.0157
120 . 120
d = 150 - 30 = 120 mm
Cb = 600 .( 120 )
= 86 mm
600 + 240
ab = β1 . Cb = 0.85 . 86
= 72.86 mm
86 - 30 fy
εs = . 0.003 = 0.002 >
86 Es
10 cm Dengan demikian kolom akan mengalami hancur dengan diawali di daerah tarik
30 cm
30 cm Memeriksa kekuatan penampang,
30 cm
20 cm As'.fy b.h.fc'
Pn = +
18 cm e 3.h.e
+ 0.5 + ###
(d-d') d2
= 1038.766 + 256.3212
a. Beban mati
P = 71.64 kg
15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 + 25 )
= 11176 kg.m
q = 1256 kg/m'
M2 = 1/8 . q . l2 = 1/8 . 1256 . 50 2 = 392539 kg.m
P P P P P P
50 m
b. Beban hidup
. 50.00###
. 50.00 . 1.20
M6 = 46875 kg.m
M total = M1 + M 2 + M3 + M 4 + M5 + M 6
> fy
Pada saat beban hidup mobil berada di atas trotoar maka beban yang b
###
###
10 cm
h1
30 cm
90 cm
Peq 30 cm
30 cm
### kg
20 cm
18 cm
70
70
###
### 30 ###
###
######30.48
Gambar 4-5
80
20
20
12
25
25
70
#REF!
20
45o 45o
Tulangan bagir = 0.002
7
87.91831
165 82.5
77.08169
1653 9 + 539 16 = 10.72
2192.40557637865
+ Mb = 58882813 + 21093750 + 1206562.5
+ 4210937.5
= 85394063 kg.cm
= 52786932 kg.cm
= 77.057 kg/cm2
91.897
12000.000
3848.727
Dengan demikian kita menggunakan tulangan geser minimum.
Av minimum = 0.34 . bw . s
fy
s maksimum adalah 0,75 h tetapi lebih kecil dari 610 mm
bw = 60 cm = 24 in
s = 12 in
24 . 11.8
Av minimum = 0.34 .
34105.374
= 0.0028 in2
= 0.0179 cm2
dipakai Æ = 10 mm
Av = 0.785 cm2
nulangan 2%
mm
ok
Mpa
226.1 .
ok
1.18
ok !!!
Jadi :
Perbedaan momen antara balok utama tepi dan balok utama tengah :
840204 - 654307
= . 100%
840204
= 22.13 %
### cm
### cm
### cm ### cm
### cm
### cm
### cm
sayap pada profil balok utama