Slide Hirarc - Oshe CHAPTER4

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control
(HIRARC) Training
BY
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ENVIRONMENT (OSHE)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Objective
2. What is HIRARC?
3. Purpose of HIRARC
4. Process of HIRARC
5. Hazard Identification
6. Risk Assessment
7. Risk Control
8. Practical Workshop
OBJECTIVES:
1. Explore the elements of an effective hazard

identification and control program.
2. Discuss the steps in the hazard

identification and control process.
3. Be able to perform the Hazard

Identification and Risk Assessment Form
by their own with 3 simple steps to ensure
a safe & healthy workplace.
1. Memastikan keselamatan dan kesihatan
pekerja di tempat kerja.
2. Melindungi keselamatan orang lain selain
dari pekerja di tempat kerja tersebut.
3. Menggalakkan persekitaran yang sesuai
(dari segi fisiologi dan psikologi)
4. Membolehkan penggantian secara
berperingkat perundangan berkaitan
dengan Peraturan dan Kod Amalan yang
diluluskan
FALSAFAH
“KEWAJIPAN BAGI MEMASTIKAN KESELAMATAN
DAN KESIHATAN DI TEMPAT KERJA TERLETAK
PADA MEREKA YANG MEWUJUDKAN RISIKO
DAN MEREKA YANG BEKERJA DENGAN RISIKO
TERSEBUT”
KEWAJIPAN AM MAJIKAN DAN ORANG
YANG BEKERJA SENDIRI (SEKSYEN 15, AKKP 1994)
1. Mengada dan menyenggara loji dan HIRARC
sistem kerja selamat
2. Membuat perkiraan untuk menjamin

keselamatan dalam penggunaan,
pengendalian, penanganan (handling),
penyimpanan dan pengangkutan loji dan
bahan
3. Mengadakan maklumat, arahan, latihan

dan penyeliaan berkaitan keselamatan dan
kesihatan pekerjaan
i. Maklumat ii. Arahan
iii. Latihan iv. Penyeliaan

4. Memastikan laluan keluar dan masuk ke

tempat kerja yang selamat
5. Menyediakan persekitaran kerja yang
selamat dan sihat serta kemudahan
kebajikan pekerja
PENALTI KEPADA MAJIKAN

1. RM 50,000 atau
2. 2 tahun penjara atau
3. kedua-duanya sekali
•OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health &
Safety Management System standard
Occupational •This standard was established in
safety and 1999 (rev. 2007)
health •Widely used and certifiable
management •ILO OSH management system standard
system •This standard was published in 2001
standards: •This is a guidance standard
presented to the governments of the
world for adoption
OH&S Management System
Continual
improvement
OH&S
Management policy
review
Checking and Planning

corrective action
Implementation
and operation
HIRARC
HIRARC
TNB KUALA LUMPUR TOWARDS OHSAS 18001 CERTIFICATION
HIRARC OHSAS 18001 MILESTONE CHART

(HIRARC) Form
HAZARD IDENTFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) FORM
Doc No.
Prepared by Revision No :
JOB TITLE Working in Clinic Verified by Date :
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL
No
Activities / Equipment/ Recommended Control PIC (Due Date /
R/NR* Hazard Consequences Current Risk Control Likelihood Severity Risk Level Type of Control
Facilites Measures Status)
Receive & treat patient 9.1 a) Exposure to 9.1 a) Sick 9.1 a) Competency &
known & unknown 9.1 b) Fatality Proper PPE to be worn
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
1 2 3
Clearing medical waste 10 a) Contact with sharp 10.1 a) Sick 10.1 a)Competency &
object 10.1 b) Fatality Proper PPE to be worn
10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
Using X-ray machine 11 a) Exposure to 11.1 a) Cancer 11a) Competency & Proper
radioactive and radiation 11.1 b) Fatality PPE to be worn
11b) Safe work distance,
allowable exposure limit &
11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
12 a) Pollution to 12a) Competency & Proper

atmosphere, sanitary PPE to be worn
sewer, ground water, fresh
Release Contamination / water, soil
12 R 12 a) Scheduled waste 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
Hospital treated waste
*R-Routine, NR - Non Routine
LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY
Most Likely (5) The most likely result of the hazard / event being realised Catastropic (5) Numerous fatalities
Possible (4) Has a good change of occuring and is not unusual (1-5 years) Fatal (4) Approximately one single fatality
Conceivable (3) Might be occur at sometime in future (5-10 years) Serious (3) Non-fatal injury, permanent disability or > 4 days MC
Remote (2) Has not been known to occur after many years (10 yrs) Minor (2) Disabling but not permanent injury or 1-4 days MC
Inconceivable (1) Is practically impossible and has never occurred Negligible (1) Minor abrasions, bruises, cut, first aid type injury
RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY 15 - 25 : HIGH RISK 5-12 MEDIUM 1 - 4 : LOW RISK

REFERENCE:
 Guidelines for Hazard
Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk
Control
 Published by
Department of
Occupational Safety
and Health (DOSH)
2008.
DIFINITION:
1. Hazard :
 Source or situation with potential for harm in
term of human injury or ill health, damage
to property, damage to the workplace
environment or a combination of these.
2. Hazard Identification :
 Process of recognizing that a hazard exists
and defining its characteristics
3. Risk :
 Combination of likelihood and consequence
of a specified hazardous event occurring
DIFINITION:
4. Risk Assessment :
 Overall process of estimating the magnitude
of Risk and deciding whether or not risk is
tolerable
5. Tolerable Risk :
 Risk that have been reduced to a level that
can be accepted by the organization
• Eg. A tiger is a source Tiger attack is a hazard. Becoz has potential for harm
• A cage is the control.
• Therefore, a tiger in cage is less risk as compared to a tiger out of cage.

Furthermore, a tiger in cage is less dangerous than a tiger out of cage since the
hazard is already controlled.
WHAT IS HIRARC?
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
Identify hazard source
or situation
RISK ASSESSMENT
Estimate level of risk and
determine tolerability
RISK CONTROL Reduce or eliminate

risk
Purpose of Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC):
 Enable organization to identify, evaluate

and control its OSH risk on an ongoing
basis
 To reduce accidents at workplaces
 HIRARC to cover for all existing and new
processes
METHODOLOGY FOR HIRARC
1. Document review – policy, legal document, record

of accident, NCR, audit result, O&M Manual.
2. Site Assessment – observation, interview
3. Brainstorming – discussion to identify hazard.

Process of HIRARC
Classify work activities
Identify hazards
• Likelihood of occurrence,
Conduct risk assessment, by
and
calculating or estimating
• Severity of hazards
Decide if risk is tolerable and
apply control measures (if
necessary)
CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
•Routine and non-routine

activities (incl. emergencies)
•Activities at workplace (incl.
contractors and visitors)
Taking into account all
•Infrastructure, equipment
activities at the
workplace.
and materials at the
workplace.
CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
Stage in
Physical production Not too Not too Defined
area line or big small task
process
Working in Clinic
1. Handling patients, contaminated objects, body secretions, tissue or fluids
2. Using X-ray machine
3. Handling patients & moving objects
4. Dealing with angry and stressed patients and their families.
CATEGORIES OF HAZARDS
Category Examples
PHYSICAL noise, radiation, ventilation, heat stress,
lighting, electrical
CHEMICAL pesticides, solvents and heavy metals

BIOLOGICAL dangerous creatures, virus, bacteria and
parasite
ERGONOMIC human and machine interface, work
position or work posture
PSYCHOSOCIAL work stress, employees interaction
within organisation, long hours work,
shift work
Example Hazards map : Grocery Store
SPOT THE HAZARD
(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
No
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
1 2 3
10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY

JOB TITLE : Working in Clinic
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
No Activities / R/NR Hazard Consequences
Equipment/ Faculties *
1 handling patients, R Infectious Diseases Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
contaminated objects, and Human
body secretions, tissue Immunodeficiency
or fluids Virus (HIV) can be
spread
2 Using X-ray machine Exposure to radioactive Cancer
R
and radiation Fatality
3 Handling patients & Heavy lifting and frequent Back injuries
moving objects R bending or twisting when
moving objects or patients
4 Dealing with angry and Health care workers are at Workplace violence can
stressed patients and risk from violence result in loss of sleep,
R
their families. fear or depression, post
traumatic stress disorder
Human behaviour, capabilities and other

human factors.
Hazard from the vicinity of the workplace.
Hazard from outside workplace.

2 4
Machinery
3 Method
1 •Installation,
layout and
design of
•Substances
such as •Workplace
•Human equipment •The way condition
chemicals people carry
behaviour, and gases i.e. air
unsafe acts out their work quality,
use in the
workplace ventilation
, lighting,
Man noise,
vibration
Materials etc.
5
Media
5M
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES
1 Accident/incident
investigation report 4 Injury records
2 Workplace health
program
5 Result of workplace
inspection/audit
3 Complaint and
comments 6 Report from
regulatory bodies
7 Record of hazardous
substances (CSDS)
No Activities / R/NR Hazard Consequences
spread
R
R
(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
No
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
1 2 3
10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY

RISK ASSESSMENT
Current Risk Control Likelihood Severity Risk Level
Wash hands frequently (proper hand washing is the best 3 3 9 (M)
way to prevent communicable diseases)
Competency & Proper PPE to be worn
Safe work distance, allowable exposure limit 2 2 4 (L)
Use proper lifting technique 3 3 9 (M)

Follow policies and intervention guidelines 3 3 9 (M)
LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY
Most Likely (5) The most likely result of the hazard / Catastrophic (5) Numerous fatalities
event being realized
Possible (4) Has a good change of occurring and is not Fatal (4) Approximately one single fatality
unusual (1-5 years)
Conceivable (3) Might be occur at sometime in future Serious (3) Non-fatal injury, permanent
(5-10 years) disability or > 4 days MC
Remote (2) Has not been known to occur after many Minor (2) Disabling but not permanent
years (10 yrs) injury or 1-4 days MC
Inconceivable (1) Is practically impossible and has never Negligible (1) Minor abrasions, bruises, cut,
occurred first aid type injury
RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY 15 - 25 : HIGH RISK 5-12 : MEDIUM 1 - 4 : LOW RISK

RISK
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
Likelihood x Severity
Likelihood – is an event likely to occur within specific

time period or in specified circumstance,
Severity – is outcome from an event such as severity of

injury or health to people
LIKELIHOOD
• The most likely result of the hazard / event

Most likely (5) being realized
• Has good chance of occurring and is not

Possible (4) unusual (1-5 years)
• Might be occur in future (5-10 years)

Conceivable (3)
• Has not be known to occur after many years
Remote (2) (after 10 years)
• Is practically impossible and has never

Inconceivable (1) occurred.
SEVERITY
• Numerous fatality, irrecoverable property

Catastrophic (5) damage and productivity.
• Approximately one single fatality, major

Fatal (4) property damages.
• Non-fatal injury, permanent disability or

Serious (3) LTI > 4 days MC.
• Disabling but not permanent injury or LTI

Minor (2) 1-4 days MC
• Minor abrasions, bruises, cut, first aid

Negligible (1) type injury.
Risk = Likelihood x Severity
HIGH (15-25) MEDIUM (5-12) LOW (1-4)
• Requires • Requires a planned • Acceptable and

immediate action approach to further reduction
to control the control the hazard may not be
hazard. Action and applies necessary.
must be temporary
documented on measure if
the risk required. Action
assessment form must be
including date for documented on
completion. the risk
assessment form
including date of
completion.
RISK ASSESSMENT
Current Risk Control Likelihood Severity Risk Level
Wash hands frequently (proper hand washing is the best 3 3 9 (M)

LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY
unusual (1-5 years)

RISK
(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
No
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
1 2 3
10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY

RISK CONTROL
Type of Control Recommended Control PIC (Due Date / Status)
Measures
Administrative Ensure availability of gloves Mr. A (30/12/2012)

and other protective
equipment and cleansing
agents
NIL NIL
Administrative Train staff on proper lifting Mr. B (30/12/2012)
techniques
Administrative Train staff on diffusing Mr. C (30/12/2012)
situations and intervention
procedures
(HIRARC)
Safety
freedom from unacceptable risk of harm
Tolerable Risk
Risk that has been reduce to a level that can be accepted by the
organisation having regard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S
policy.
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
PPE
Administrative control
Engineering control
Isolation
Substitution
Elimination
1. ELIMINATION
• Remove hazard from workplace

• Get rid the hazardous job, tools, process,
equipment, machines or substances
2. SUBSTITUTION
• Doing the same work in less hazardous way.

• Replace of substances with a less hazardous
substances.
3. ISOLATION
• Keep hazard away from workers
• Install guard, barrier
• Lockout system
• Safe clearance
4. ENGINEERING CONTROL
• Modification
• Redesign
• Local exhaust ventilation
5. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
• Implement policies, procedures and training.

• Signages
• Supervision
• Inspection
6. PPE
Safety helmet, mask, safety shoe, apron, rubber mat,
gloves, ear muff etc.
RISK CONTROL
Type of Control Recommended Control PIC (Due Date / Status)
Measures

agents
NIL NIL
techniques
procedures
SUMMARY
(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
No
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
1 2 3
10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL
11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY

1No Activities / R/NR

Hazard Consequences
spread
R
R
2 Current Risk Control

RISK ASSESSMENT
Wash hands frequently (proper hand washing is the best

Likelihood
3
Severity
3
Risk Level
9 (M)


LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY
unusual (1-5 years)

RISK
3
Type of Control
RISK CONTROL
Recommended Control
Measures
PIC (Due Date / Status)

agents
NIL NIL
techniques
procedures
SUMMARY
 Set a Process to review OHS Hazards & Risk
 Output/ results can be used to review :
 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
 Training Materials
 Internal Audit
 Management Review/ Continuous
Improvement
 Justification for Budget allocations

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Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control

1. Explore the elements of an effective hazard

2. Discuss the steps in the hazard

3. Be able to perform the Hazard

1. Mengada dan menyenggara loji dan HIRARC

sistem kerja selamat

2. Membuat perkiraan untuk menjamin

3. Mengadakan maklumat, arahan, latihan

i. Maklumat ii. Arahan

iii. Latihan iv. Penyeliaan

4. Memastikan laluan keluar dan masuk ke

PENALTI KEPADA MAJIKAN

Checking and Planning

HIRARC OHSAS 18001 MILESTONE CHART

JOB TITLE Working in Clinic Verified by Date :

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL

10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

12 a) Pollution to 12a) Competency & Proper

*R-Routine, NR - Non Routine

RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY 15 - 25 : HIGH RISK 5-12 MEDIUM 1 - 4 : LOW RISK

• A cage is the control.

• Therefore, a tiger in cage is less risk as compared to a tiger out of cage.

RISK CONTROL Reduce or eliminate

 Enable organization to identify, evaluate

1. Document review – policy, legal document, record

2. Site Assessment – observation, interview

3. Brainstorming – discussion to identify hazard.

Classify work activities

•Routine and non-routine

CHEMICAL pesticides, solvents and heavy metals

JOB TITLE Working in Clinic Verified by Date :

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL

10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

12 a) Pollution to 12a) Competency & Proper

*R-Routine, NR - Non Routine

RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY 15 - 25 : HIGH RISK 5-12 MEDIUM 1 - 4 : LOW RISK

Human behaviour, capabilities and other

Hazard from the vicinity of the workplace.

Hazard from outside workplace.

JOB TITLE Working in Clinic Verified by Date :

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL

10 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

11 R 2 2 4 (L) NIL NIL

12 a) Pollution to 12a) Competency & Proper

*R-Routine, NR - Non Routine

RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY 15 - 25 : HIGH RISK 5-12 MEDIUM 1 - 4 : LOW RISK

Use proper lifting technique 3 3 9 (M)

RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY 15 - 25 : HIGH RISK 5-12 : MEDIUM 1 - 4 : LOW RISK

Likelihood – is an event likely to occur within specific

Severity – is outcome from an event such as severity of

• The most likely result of the hazard / event

• Has good chance of occurring and is not

• Might be occur in future (5-10 years)

• Is practically impossible and has never

• Numerous fatality, irrecoverable property

• Approximately one single fatality, major

• Non-fatal injury, permanent disability or

• Disabling but not permanent injury or LTI

• Minor abrasions, bruises, cut, first aid

HIGH (15-25) MEDIUM (5-12) LOW (1-4)

• Requires • Requires a planned • Acceptable and