Deret Taylor
(n)
f (a)
f ( x) = ( x − a)n
n =0 n!
f '(a ) f ''(a )
= f (a) + ( x − a) + ( x − a) 2
1! 2!
f '''(a )
+ ( x − a ) +
3
3!
Deret Maclaurin
(n)
f
(0) n
f ( x) = x
n =0 n!
f '(0) f ''(0) 2
= f (0) + x+ x +
1! 2!
Deret Taylor
𝑓′ 2 7
𝑓 3 =𝑓 2 + 3 − 2 = 11 + .1 = 18 (2 suku )
1! 1
𝑓′ 2 𝑓′′ 2
𝑓 3 =𝑓 2 + 3 −2 + 3 − 2 2=
1! 2!
7 2
= 11 + .1 + .1 = 19 (3 suku)
1 2
Deret Maclaurin
f′ 0 f′′ 0 3 2 2
f 3 =f 0 + 3+ 32 = 1 + 3 + 3 = 1 + 9 + 9 = 19
1! 2! 1! 2!
Jika y = f(x) = x3 + x2 – 2x + 1, hitunglah f(2,01) dengan a =2
f(2) = 23 + 22 – 2(2) + 1 = 9
14 14 14
=9+ . 0,01 + . 0,012 + . 0,013 = 19,140702 (4 suku)
1 2 6
dengan deret McClaurin,
f′ 0 f′′ 0 f′′′ 0
f 2,01 = f 0 + 2,01 + 2 2 + 2,01 3
1! 2! 3!
−2 2 6
=1+ . 2,01 + . 2,012 + . 2,013 = 19,140701 (4 suku)
1 2 6
Deret Taylor & Maclaurin
f ( x) = c0 + c1 ( x − a ) + c2 ( x − a ) 2
( pers 1 )
+ c3 ( x − a )3 + c4 ( x − a ) 4 + ... | x − a | R
f(a) = c0
Turunan pertama dari fungsi :
f ( x) = c0 + c1 ( x − a ) + c2 ( x − a ) 2
+ c3 ( x − a ) + c4 ( x − a ) + ...
3 4
| x − a | R
+ 4c4 ( x − a )3 + ... | x − a | R
+ 3 4c4 ( x − a ) + ... | x − a | R
2
+ 3 4 5c5 ( x − a ) 2 ... | x − a | R
Substitusi x = a pada pers 4, diperoleh
f’’’(a) = 2 · 3c3 = 3!c3
jika x = a dalam Persamaan 1,2 ,3 dan 4 diurutkan
f(a) = c0
f’(a) = c1
f’’(a) = 2c2 = 2!c2
f’’’(a) = 2 · 3c3 = 3!c3
Jika persamaan 1 dilanjutkan diturunkan sampai
ke n dan x = a, diperoleh :
f (n)
(a) = 2 3 4 ncn = n!cn Atau
(n)
f (a )
cn =
n!
Bentuk Umum
(n)
f (a )
cn =
n!
(n)
f (a )
Substitusi cn = pada pers berikut (pers1)
n!
f ( x) = c0 + c1 ( x − a ) + c2 ( x − a ) 2
+ c3 ( x − a ) + c4 ( x − a ) + ...
3 4
| x − a | R
diperoleh
f ( n ) (a)
f ( x) = ( x − a) n
n =0 n! Deret Taylor
f '(a ) f ''(a )
= f (a) + ( x − a) + ( x − a)2
1! 2!
f '''(a )
+ ( x − a )3 +
3!
(n)
f (a)
f ( x) = ( x − a)n
n =0 n!
f '(a ) f ''(a )
= f (a) + ( x − a) + ( x − a)2
1! 2!
f '''( a )
+ ( x − a )3 +
3!
Jika a = 0, Deret Taylor menjadi:
(n)
f
(0) n
f ( x) = x Deret Maclaurin
n =0 n!
f '(0) f ''(0) 2
= f (0) + x+ x +
1! 2!
TAYLOR & MACLAURIN SERIES
(n) n 2 3
f (0) n x x x x
n =0 n!
x = = 1 + + + +
n =0 n ! 1! 2! 3!
n
x
e =
x
n =0 n !
Radius Konvergensi, yaitu an = xn/n!
an +1 x n +1 n ! | x|
= n = → 0 1
maka, an (n + 1)! x n +1
Untuk x = 1
1 1 1 1
e = = 1 + + + +
n =0 n ! 1! 2! 3!
Contoh 2
n =0 n !
2
TAYLOR & MACLAURIN SERIES
f ( x) = sin x f (0) = 0
f '( x) = cos x f '(0) = 1
f ''( x) = − sin x f ''(0) = 0
f '''( x) = − cos x f '''(0) = −1
f (4)
( x) = sin x f (4)
(0) = 0
Deret Maclaurin untuk sin x:
f '(0) f ''(0) 2 f '''(0) 3
f (0) + x+ x + x +
1! 2! 3!
3 5 7
x x x
= x − + − +
3! 5! 7!
2 n +1
x
= (−1) n
n =0 (2n + 1)!
3 5 7
x x x
sin x = x − + − +
3! 5! 7!
2 n +1
x
= (−1) n
for all x
n =0 (2n + 1)!
Secara Grafis
T1 ( x) = x
3
x
T3 ( x) = x −
3!
3 5
x x
T5 = x − +
3! 5!
Jika n bertambah , Tn(x) semakin mendekati
sin x.
d
cos x = (sin x)
dx
d x 3 5
x x 7
= x − + − +
dx 3! 5! 7!
2 4 6
3x 5 x 7 x
= 1− + − +
3! 5! 7!
2 4 6
x x x
= 1 − + − +
2! 4! 6!
Terimakasih
Latihan
a. Y = 51/2
b. Y = e2