TANGKI PENYIMPANAN - 01

Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku gas Ammonia

Type : Spherical tank
Kondisi operasi
P = 10.00 atm 147.0000
T = 30.0 C
o
303.0000
1. Bahan Konstruksi
Bahan konstruksi yang dipilih Stainless Stell SA-240C, dengan pertimbangan :
a. Mempunyai tekanan maksimum yang diijinkan cukup rendah (17000 psia)
b. Harga terjangkau

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) Xi ρ (kg/L) Xi.ρ

NH3 126.7020 7.4531 0.9953 6837.41980375 6805.123016683
H2O 0.6367 0.0354 0.0047 7239.620968679 34.19659807378
Jumlah 127.3387 7.4884 1.0000 6839.319614756

Data :
Temperatur, T = 30.0 o
C
Tekanan, P = 10.00 atm
Laju alir massa, W = 127.3387 kg/jam
Densitas,  = 6839.32 kg/m3
= 426.96504491 lb/ft3
Lama persediaan = 30 hari

2. Kapasitas Tanki, Vt Literatur Peter Timmerhaus

Vt = Laju alir x 24 jam

x Lama persediaan
Densitas
 Vt = 13.41 m3

(Peter & Timmerhaus, 1991, hal 37)

Safety faktor = 10%
Kapasitas Tanki (Vt) = (1 + 0,1) x 13.41
= 14.746 m3

3. Diameter dan Tinggi Tangki

V bola = (4/3 x ∏ D3/ 8) = ( ∏D3 / 6)
D3 = 6V/∏
= 28.17695956376
D = 3.04 m 119.8018 in

5. Menghitung Tekanan Design

P operasi = 10.00 atm
147.0000 psi
P design = 176.4 psi

6. Tebal Dinding Tangki, t

Brownel 4.28

Dimana :
P = Tekanan Design =
f = Working stress allowable =
c = Tebal korosi yang diizinkan =

t = 0.38398312116 in
ts = 0.4375 in
1.11125 cm
0.0111125 m

7. Outside Diameter Tangki

OD = 2t + D
= 120.5698 in 3.06247286415 m
psi
K

R= 82.0567 atm.cm3/mol.0K
P= 10.00 atm
T= 30.0 0C

Menentukan densitas umpan

𝜌= (𝑃.𝐵𝑀)/𝑅𝑇

𝜌= 0.0068 gr/cm3

0.0072396209687

Data Tebal Standar

(Head & shell)
3/16 in 0.1875
1/4 in 0.25
5/16 in 0.3125
3/8 in 0.375
7/16 in 0.4375
1/2 in 0.5
5/8 in 0.625
3/4 in 0.75
7/8 in 0.875
 1 in 1
1(1/8) in 1.1250
1991, hal 37) 1(1/4) in 1.2500
1(3/8) in 1.3750
m3 1(1/2) in 1.5000
520.348201173 ft3

10 atm 147 psia

1156.46 atm 17000 psia
0.003175 m 0.12499975 in
0.082057
147 psi
303 K

6.83742 kg/m3
6837.42 kg/L
7.239621 kg/m3
7239.621 kg/L
 TANGKI PENYIMPANAN - 02

Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku gas Formalin

Type : Spherical tank
Kondisi operasi
P = 5.00 atm
T = 30.0 oC
1. Bahan Konstruksi
Bahan konstruksi yang dipilih Stainless Stell SA-240C, dengan pertimbangan :
a. Mempunyai tekanan maksimum yang diijinkan cukup rendah (17000 psia)
b. Harga terjangkau

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) Xi ρ (kg/L)

CH2O 335.3875 11.1796 0.2646 3619.8104843
H2O 543.8717 30.2151 0.7152 6435.218638826
CH3OH 27.1936 0.8498
Jumlah 906.4528 42.2445 0.9799

Data :
Temperatur, T = 30.0
Tekanan, P = 5.00
Laju alir massa, W = 906.4528
Densitas,  = 5560.70
= 347.14314878
Lama persediaan = 30

2. Kapasitas Tanki, Vt Literatur Peter Timmerhaus

Vt = Laju alir x 24 jam

x Lama persediaan
Densitas
 Laju alir x 24 jam
x Lama persediaan
Densitas

Vt = 117.37 m3

(Peter & Timmerhaus, 1991, hal 37)

Safety faktor = 10%
Kapasitas Tanki (Vt) = (1 + 0,1) x
= 129.104

3. Diameter dan Tinggi Tangki

V bola = (4/3 x ∏ D3/ 8) = ( ∏D3 / 6)
D3 = 6V/∏
= 246.69639
D = 6.27 m 246.9182 in

5. Menghitung Tekanan Design

P operasi = 5.00 atm
73.5000 psi
P design = 88.2 psi

6. Tebal Dinding Tangki, t

Brownel 4.28

Dimana :
P = Tekanan Design
tegangan yang diijinkan f = Working stress allowable
C = Tebal korosi yang diizinkan

t = 0.391889 in
ts = 0.4375 in
1.11125 cm
0.011113 m

7. Outside Diameter Tangki

OD = 2t + D
= 247.7019 in 6.2916289913
ahan baku gas Formalin

73.5000 psi
303.0000 K

C, dengan pertimbangan :
kup rendah (17000 psia)

R= 82.0567 atm.cm3/mol.
P= 5.00 atm
T= 30.0 0C

Menentukan densitas umpan

𝜌= (𝑃.𝐵𝑀)/𝑅𝑇
Xi.ρ
957.94716438
4602.7491382 𝜌= 0.0060 gr/cm3

5560.6963026 0.0036 gr/cm3

0.00643522
o
C
atm
kg/jam
kg/m3 Data Tebal Standar
lb/ft 3
(Head & shell)
hari 3/16 in 0.1875
1/4 in 0.25
5/16 in 0.3125
3/8 in 0.375
7/16 in 0.4375
1/2 in 0.5
5/8 in 0.625
 3/4 in 0.75
7/8 in 0.875
1 in 1
r & Timmerhaus, 1991, hal 37) 1(1/8) in 1.1250
1(1/4) in 1.2500
117.37 m3 1(3/8) in 1.3750
m3 1(1/2) in 1.5000

psi

psi

= 5 atm 73.5 psia

= 1156.46 atm 17000 psia
= 0.003175 m 0.125 in

m
0.0820567
73.5 psi
303 K

6.0330 kg/m3
6033.0175 kg/L
3.6198 kg/m3
3619.8105 kh/L
6.4352 kg/m3
6435.2186 kg/L
EXPANSION VALVE

Tugas : Menurunkan tekanan hasil keluar tangki dari 10 at

Jenis : Globe Valve

Data densitas cair masing-masing komponen

T 303 K P
Komponen A B n
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571

Data viskositas gas masing-masing komponen

T 303.0000 K P
Komponen A B C
NH3 -7.874 3.6700E-01 -4.4700E-06
H2O -36.826 4.2900E-01 -1.6200E-05

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) xi

NH3 126.7020 7.4531 0.9953
H2O 0.6367 0.0354 0.0047
Total 127.3387 7.4884 1.0000

Jumlah aliran massa = 127.3387

Pin = 10.0000 atm
Pout = 1 atm
densitas = 265.4220 kg/m3
viskositas = 102.863507454 mikropoise
debit = 0.4798 m3/jam

Untuk menentukan diameter valve dihitung dengan persamaan 5.15

( Coulson and Richardson , 1989 )
Untuk Stainles Steel
D opt. = 263x G^0,52 x ρ^-0,37
D opt. = 5.7999 mm

Dipilh pipa standar "kern Tabel 11"

NPS = 0.25 OD in
Sch = 40
ID = 0.364 in
OD = 0.54 in
a't = 0.104 in2
v = 1.9862 m/s
Re =  .v.D 47.3838933964

ε = 0.00015 ft
D = 0.0303 ft
ε/D = 0.0049

Dari figure 126 Brown diperoleh

f = 0.04
Proses :
1. Tidak ada perubahan kimia.
2. Tidak ada kerja yang diberikan (W = 0).

(V dP) + (v dv/g) + (f*v^2* dL/(2g*D)) = 0

Lost work, lw (∆P) :

lw (∆P) = (P1-P2)*144/ρ
= 1149.760 ft

∆P = (f*L*v^2)/(2*g*D^2)
L = (∆P*2*g*D^2)/(f*v^2)
= 40.084 ft
= 0.00759170 mil
Globe valve, open
Le = 15 ft
= 0.003 mil

Jumlah valve = L/Lv

= 2.672280
= 3
sil keluar tangki dari 10 atm ke 1 atm

10.0000 atm
Tc ρL (kg/m3)
405.65 264.5615 0.91921934281 1 -0.08078066 1.116812 263.3119
647.13 446.7273 0.80509027811 1 -0.19490972 1.287028 2.110132
265.422

10.0000 atm
Vis (mp)
102.9166 rumus : A+((B*T)+C*T2))
91.6737

ρ vis
263.3119 102.4305
2.1101 0.4330
265.4220 102.8635

kg/jam 280.7308 lb/jam 0.0354 kg/s

147.00 psia
14.70 psia
0.0003 kg/cm3 16.5697171393 lb/ft3
1.02863507E-05 kg/m/s
0.0001 m3/s 0.0047 ft3/s

0.2283 in

0.0092 m 0.0303 ft
0.0137 m 0.0450 ft
0.0007 ft2 0.00006709664 m2
6.51549887041 ft/s
fig 29 kern

(Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)

(Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)

(Pers. 72, Brown, 1950)

 massa BM mol yi
126.702 17 7.453056 0.995276
0.636693 18 0.035372 0.004724
0 127.3387 35 7.488428 1
EXPANSION VALVE

Tugas : Menurunkan tekanan hasil keluar tangki dari 5 atm ke 1 atm

Jenis : Globe Valve

Data densitas cair masing-masing komponen

T 303 K P 10.0000 atm
Komponen A B n Tc ρL (kg/m3)
CH2O 0.26192 0.2224 0.2857 408 296.0551
H2O 0.3471 2.74E-01 0.28571 647.13 446.7273
CH3OH 0.27197 0.27192 0.2331 512.58 316.0456

Data viskositas gas masing-masing komponen

T 303.0000 K P 10.0000 atm
Komponen A B C Vis (mp)
CH2O -6.439 4.4802E-01 -1.0130E-04 120.0108 rumus : A+((B*T)+C*T2))
H2O -36.826 4.2900E-01 -1.6200E-05 91.6737
CH3OH -14.236 3.8935E-01 -6.2762E-05 97.9749

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) xi ρ vis

CH2O 335.3875 11.1796 0.2646 78.3481 31.7597
H2O 543.8717 30.2151 0.7152 319.5189 65.5690
CH3OH 27.1936 0.8498 0.0201 6.3576 1.9709
Total 879.2592 42.2445 1.0000 404.2246 99.2996

Jumlah aliran massa = 879.2592 kg/jam 1938.4149

Pin = 5.0000 atm 73.50 psia
Pout = 1 atm 14.70 psia
densitas = 404.2246 kg/m3 0.0004 kg/cm3
viskositas = 99.299589291 mikropoise 9.92995893E-06 kg/m/s
debit = 2.1752 m3/jam 0.0006 m3/s

Untuk menentukan diameter valve dihitung dengan persamaan 5.15

( Coulson and Richardson , 1989 )
Untuk Satinles Steel
D opt. = 260x G^0,52 x ρ^-37
D opt. = 13.5577 mm 0.5338 in

Dipilh pipa standar

NPS = 0.5 OD in
Sch = 40
ID = 0.622 in 0.02 m
OD = 0.84 in
a't = 0.304 in2 0.0021 ft2
v = 3.0807 m/s 10.10597825848 f/s

Re =
 .v.D 198.1299178

ε = 0.00015 ft
D = 0.0518
ε/D = 0.0029

Dari figure 126 Brown diperoleh

f = 0.04
Proses :
1. Tidak ada perubahan kimia.
2. Tidak ada kerja yang diberikan (W = 0).

(V dP) + (v dv/g) + (f*v^2* dL/(2g*D)) = 0

Lost work, lw (∆P) :

lw (∆P) = (P1-P2)*144/ρ (Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)
= 335.536 ft

∆P = (f*L*v^2)/(2*g*D^2) (Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)

L = (∆P*2*g*D^2)/(f*v^2)
= 14.198 ft
= 0.00268898 mil
Globe valve, open
Le = 15 ft
= 0.003 mil

Jumlah valve = L/Lv

= 0.946521
= 1 (Pers. 72, Brown, 1950)
 massa BM mol
0.91850716904 1 -0.08149 1.130326 78.34805 335.3875 30 11.17958
0.80509027811 1 -0.19491 1.287028 319.5189 543.8717 18 30.21509
0.88466497738 1 -0.11534 1.162061 6.357645 27.19358 32 0.849799
404.2246 0 906.4528 80 42.24448

: A+((B*T)+C*T2))

lb/jam 0.2442 kg/s

25.2348569949 lb/ft3

0.0213 ft3/s

0.05183333333 ft
 0.00019612864 m2

15, Brown, 1950)

15, Brown, 1950)

72, Brown, 1950)

 yi
0.26464
0.715244
0.020116
1
VAPOR PRESSURE log P = A + B/T + C log T + DT + ET2

A B C D E Tmin
NH3 37.1575 -2.0277E+03 -1.1601E+01 7.4625E-03 -9.58E-08 195.41
H2O 29.8605 -3.1522E+03 -7.3037E+00 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 273.16
CH2O 41.9603 -2.14E+03 -1.38E+01 9.57E-03 -5.11E-12 181.15
CH3OH 45.6171 -3.24E+03 -1.3988E+01 6.64E-03 -1.05E-13 175.47
 P=mmHg T=K P (atm) Titik Didih
perhitungan NH3
Tmax T ( K ) log P P (mmHg) P (atm) 1 -33.02821
405.65 288 3.73 5320.066025 7.00 2
647.13 439 3.73 5320.005999 7.00 3
408.00 303 3.66 4559.996745 6.00 4
512.58 Trial 397 3.73 5320.006817 7.00 5
NH3 14.94439 C 6
H2O 165.7163 C 7 14.94439
CH2O 30.34192 C 8
CH3OH 123.9204 C 9
10 26.18593
11 29.35308
12
13
14
15
16 42.53141
17
18
19
20 -150.561
 Titik Didih
H2O CH2O CH3OH
100.1674 -18.98215 64.7108

17.45909
24.40286
30.34192
165.7163 35.55764 123.9204

180.6947 48.33343 137.3845

184.8893 51.92597 141.148

202.2491 48368.43 156.6929

65.25548 120.0459 -236.5733

 NERACA PANAS HE

Basis perhitungan : 1 jam operasi

Satuan operasi : kJ/jam
Temperatur basis : 25 OC

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Gas , Cpg = a +bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4 [J/mol K]

Komponen a b c
C16H32O2 1170.000 -1.4850E+00 7.9880E-03

H2O 32.240 1.9240E-03 1.0550E-05

Tabel Data Air Pendingin dan Steam yang digunakan

T (OC) λ (kJ/Kg)
Hot water 140 1173.8000
Air 30 Cp
Air 110 4.18
Sumber: Steam Table Kern

HEATER 01 (NH3)
Steam
140 oC
C51H98O6 C51H98O6
30 oC 110 oC
kondesat
100 oC
298
T1 = 30 oC = 303
T2 = 110 oC = 383
303
 298
CpdT
 303

Panas masuk heater NH3 = Σ N-1 senyawa  298

CpdT

Komponen C-51 senyawa (kmol/jam) ∫ cpl dT C51 ∫ cpl dT

C51H98O6 12.8208 6566.3025 84184.9377
H2O 0.0449 168.3663 7.5524
Total 12.8656 6734.6688 84192.4901
350
Panas keluar heater C51H98O6 = Σ N-1 senyawa 
298
CpdT

Komponen C-51
senyawa (kmol/jam) ∫ cpl dT C-51 ∫ cpl dT
C51H98O6 12.8208 119044.8293 1526244.2758
H2O 0.0449 2888.3400 129.5618
Total 12.8656 121933.1693 1526373.8376
Jumlah panas yang dibutuhkan = Qout - Q in
= 1442181.3475 kJ/jam

Steam yang diperlukan :

m= Q
 140 o
C

= 1442181.3475 kj/jam 1173.8000

= 1228.6432 kg/jam

NP Heater 01
arus in ( kJ.jam) Arus Out (kJ/jam)
Umpan 84192.4901 -
Produk - 1526373.8376
Steam 1442181.3475
Total 1526373.8376 1526373.8376

HEATER 02 (CH2O)
Steam
CH3OH 140 CH3OH
CH2O CH2O
30 oC 110 oC
1,35 atm kondesat 1,35 atm
100
298
T1 = 30 oC = 303
T2 = 110 oC = 383
303

Panas masuk heater CH2O = Σ N-1 senyawa 

298
CpdT

Komponen N-1 senyawa (kmol/jam) ∫ cpl dT N-1 ∫ cpl dT

CH2O 11.1796 0.0000 0.0000
 H2O 30.2151 168.3663 5087.2044
CH3OH 0.8498 0.0000 0.0000
Total 42.2445 168.3663 5087.2044
350
Panas keluar heater CO = Σ N-1 senyawa  298
CpdT

Komponen N-1 senyawa (kmol/jam) ∫ cpl dT N-1 ∫ cpl dT

CH2O 11.1796 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 30.2151 2888.3400 87271.4618
CH3OH 0.8498 0.0000 0.0000
Total 42.2445 2888.3400 87271.4618

Jumlah panas yang dibutuhkan = Qout - Q in

= 82184.2573 kJ/jam

Steam yang diperlukan : Q

m=
 140 o
C

= 82184.2573 kj/jam 1173.8000

= 70.0156 kg/jam

NP Heater 01
arus in ( kJ.jam) Arus Out (kJ/jam)
Umpan 5087.2044 -
Produk - 87271.4618
Steam 82184.2573
Total 87271.4618 87271.4618
 interpolasi
1
1.35
2
x=

P (atm)
d Sumber: yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook 1
-4.8580E-06 1.35
3
-3.5960E-09 9
10

interpolasi
212
215.13
220
x=
interpolasi
230
230.45
240
x=
interpolasi
280
286.66
290
x=
interpolasi
280
284.00
290
x=
interpolasi
240
248.00
250
K x=
K
K
kj/kg

K
K
K
kj/kg
nilai T
101.74
x
126.08
110.2590

T steam jenuh (C)F λ (kJ/Kg)

101.74 215.132 968.3034
110.25 230.45 958.5030
141.48 286.664 919.9019
188.28 370.904 852.6954
193.21 379.778 844.7976

nilai λ interpolasinilai λ
970.3 370 853.5
x 370.90 x
965.2 380 844.6
968.3034 x = 852.6954
nilai λ interpolasinilai λ
958.8 370 853.5
x 379.78 x
952.2 380 844.6
958.5030 x = 844.7976
nilai λ
924.7 140 284
x 120 248
917.5 100 212
919.9019
nilai λ
924.7
x
917.5
921.8200
nilai λ
952.2
x
945.5
946.8400
HEATER - 01

Fungsi : Menaikkan suhu umpan sebelum masuk Reaktor

Gambar :
t1
Glan
Return bend Gland
Gland

Tee
Return Head

t2

Fluida Panas : Saturated steam

Flowrate, W1 = 1228.6432 Kg/hr =
T1 = 140.000 C =
T2 = 100.000 C =

Fluida Dingin : feed

Flowrate, W2 = 10333.526 Kg/hr =
t1 = 30.000 C =
t2 = 110.000 C =

Perhitungan design sesuai dengan literatur pada Kern

A. Panas yang ditransfer pada H-01

Q = 344681.3421 Kkal/hr
1442181.3475 kJ/hr
B. LMTD
Fluida Panas
T1 = 284.000 Suhu Tinggi
T2 = 212.000 Suhu Rendah
selisih

LMTD = t 2  t1
ln (t 2 / t1 )
LMTD = 84.976 o
F

Ft = 1.000
Dt = Ft*∆LMTD = 84.976 o
F

C. Tc = T avg = 248.000 oF
tc = t avg = 158.000 oF
 Trial UD
- Asumsi UD = 6.000 Btu/jam ft F

A = Q
U D . t

A = 2682.7298 ft2

Karena A > 200 ft2 , maka direncanakan menggunakan Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
dengan klasifikasi sebagai berikut (dari tabel 11, Kern):

D. Menentukan dimensi tube dan shell

menentukan dimensi tube
Tube dipilih : 6 pass, ¾ in OD tube, triangular pitch 1 in
Dari tabel 10 hal 843 Kern, dipilih tube dengan kriteria
OD = 0.75 in
Pass = 6 pass
BWG = 18
ID = 0.652 in
a’t = 0.334 in2
a’’ = 0.1963 ft2
L = 0.32845629624277 ft

Menentukan jumlah tube

𝑁_𝑡= 𝐴/(𝐿 𝑥 𝑎")

Nt = 41608.2109364475 tube

Jumlah tube standar (4 pass, ¾ in OD tube, triangular pitch 1 in) =

Menentukan dimensi shell

Susunan tube = Triangular pitch

Pt = 1 in
OD tube = 0.75
Nt = 1100 tube (jumlah tube standar yang ada di pasar)
Dari Kern tabel 9 hal 841 dipilih heat exchanger dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut :
ID shell = 39 in
Pass = 1

Menentukan luas perpindahan panas (A) terkoreksi dan U D terkoreksi

𝐴 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑖= 𝑁_𝑡 𝑥 𝑎" 𝑥 𝐿

 𝐴 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑖= 𝑁_𝑡 𝑥 𝑎" 𝑥 𝐿

A terkoreksi = 70.9235680477012 ft2

〖𝑈𝐷〗 _𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑖= 𝑄/( 〖∆𝑇〗 _𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 𝑥 𝐴 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑖)

UD terkoreksi = 226.953877835168 Btu / (jam)(ft2)(oF)

Menghitung faktor kekotoran (Rd) dan pressure drop (∆P)

Menghitung viskositas, konduktivitas termal, densitas, dan kalor jenis pada T av

HEAVY ORGANIC, TUBE, FLUIDA PANAS

𝑇_(𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 )= (𝑇1+𝑇2)/2

Taverage = 120 °F 48.8888888888889

VISKOSITAS GAS

Komponen μ (cp) μ (lb/ft.hr) yi

N2 0.24739883485556 0.598479634083744 0.12858559511482
C3H8O (biooil) 0.13935568316386 0.337113706764593 0.11382630461386
CO2 0.2255726361725 0.545680131576382 0.11751469526796
CO 0.2467783027725 0.596978512163662 0.07068497910246
H2 0.12175023802222 0.294524579890163 0.17862086879111
H2O 0.16487914195 0.398857208037743 0.31444906591376
CH4 0.16311951358695 0.394600511600754 0.07631849119604
μ campuran (lb/ft.hr)
(Carl L. Yaws)

KONDUKTIVITAS TERMAL GAS

Komponen k (W/m.K) k (Btu/hr.ft.F) yi

N2 3.69E-02 2.13E-02 0.12858559511482
C3H8O (biooil) 3.93E-02 2.27E-02 0.11382630461386
CO2 3.17E-02 1.84E-02 0.11751469526796
CO 3.67E-02 2.12E-02 0.07068497910246
H2 2.44E-01 1.41E-01 0.17862086879111
H2O 3.44E-02 1.99E-02 0.31444906591376
CH4 6.54E-02 3.78E-02 0.07631849119604
k campuran (Btu/hr.ft.F)
(Carl L. Yaws)

DENSITAS GAS

(Carl L. Yaws)

komponen BM Tc (K) Pc (atm)

bio oil (C3H8O) 60.09661 437.8 43.98
N2 28.000 126.1 34.388008
CO2 44.010 304.19 74.794424
CO 28.011 132.92 35.451868
H2 2.016 33.18 13.303316
H2O 18.015 647.13 217.66586765
CH4 16.043 190.58 46.647728

komponen BM massa (kg/jam) yi

N2 28.000 6161.08478717151 0.12858559511482
bio oil (C3H8O) 60.097 11705.7554299895 0.11382630461386
CO2 44.010 201.093954086157 0.11751469526796
CO 28.011 120.957824974996 0.07068497910246
H2 2.016 305.660298106597 0.17862086879111
H2O 18.015 538.092754094376 0.31444906591376
CH4 16.043 130.598025459764 0.07631849119604
total 19163.2430738829 1

untuk umpan masuk kondisi :

T 478.833333333333 K 80
P 1 atm
R 0.08206 atm.m3/kmol K

Tr = T/Tc
 Tr = 32.9213228016807

 Pr = P/Pc

Pr = 0.280892231355662

B0= 0.083 - (0.422/Tr^1.6)

B0= 0.081424752469209

B'= 0.139 - (0.172/Tr^4.2)

B'= 0.138999927201257

V 2 
1 x  
 2g 
= 0.081541443381133

 = 1.00069573018427

maka dapat diambil kesimpulan :

Laju alir komponen (kmol/jam) Tc (K)

106.664631992859 14.544778052141

Menghitung Densitas gas masuk

ρ gas = 0.031138539330881 kg/m3 3.1138539331E-05

KALOR JENIS (cp)

Komponen yi cp (J/mol.K) yi.cp (J/mol.K)

N2 0.12858559511482 2.95E+01 3.79E+00
C3H8O (biooil) 0.11382630461386 1.26E+02 1.44E+01
CO2 0.11751469526796 -1.13E+02 -1.33E+01
CO 0.07068497910246 2.97E+01 2.10E+00
H2 0.17862086879111 2.93E+01 5.23E+00
H2O 0.31444906591376 3.50E+01 1.10E+01
CH4 0.07631849119604 4.51E+01 3.44E+00
cp campuran (Btu/lb.F)
Maka data fluida panas campuran

μ = 0.42979494393264 (lb/ft.hr)
k= 7.50E-02 (Btu/hr.ft.F)
ρ = 3.11385393309E-05 (g/cm3)
cp = 0.19709509184669 (Btu/lb.F)

COOLING WATER, FLUIDA DINGIN, SHELL

taverage = 98.573738997787 °F 36.9854105543261

VISKOSITAS GAS

Komponen μ (cp) μ (lb/ft.hr) yi

H2O 0.09460106766075 0.228848338718301 1
μ campuran (lb/ft.hr)
(Carl L. Yaws)

KONDUKTIVITAS TERMAL GAS

Komponen k (W/m.K) k (Btu/hr.ft.F) yi

H2O 1.99E-02 1.15E-02 1
k campuran (Btu/hr.ft.F)
(Carl L. Yaws)

DENSITAS GAS

(Carl L. Yaws)
Komponen BM (g/mol) Tc (K) Pc (bar)
H2O 18.015 647.13 220.55

komponen BM massa (kg/jam) yi

 H2O 18.015 9500.045 1
TOTAL 9500.045 1

T 309.985410554326 K
P 1 atm
R 0.08206 atm.m3/kmol K

Tr = T/Tc
Tr = 0.479015670042072

Pr = P/Pc
Pr = 0.004594197568945

B0= -1.28710199216324

B'= -3.64594540809775

= -2.54495315795696

= 0.975591575928323

maka dapat diambil kesimpulan :

Laju alir komponen
Tc (K)
(kmol/jam)
1 647.13

Menghitung Densitas Fluida Panas

ρ gas = 382.811392528183 kg/m3 0.38281139252818

KALOR JENIS (cp)

 Komponen yi cp (J/mol.K) yi.cp (J/mol.K)
H2O 1 3.37E+01 3.37E+01
cp campuran (Btu/lb.F)

Maka data fluida dingin campuran

μ= 0.2288483387183 (lb/ft.hr)
k= 1.99E-02 (Btu/hr.ft.F)
ρ = 0.38281139252818 (g/cm3)
cp = 0.44679456341471 (Btu/lb.F)

Tube side, bio oil, fluida panas

at = 135.444313979985 ft2

Gt = 30634.8209804316 lb/hr.ft2

De = 0.079 ft (outside diameter)

Re = 5630.94306161353

Dari fig.24 didapatka 14

k= 7.50E-02 Btu/hr.ft.F
c= 0.19709509184669 Btu/lb.F

= 10.6775269790929

hio/φt = 555 2/9

μw = 1.65366093554E-05
φt = 2.92151635145E-32
 hio= 1.62211762245E-29

a Menghitung clean overall coefficient (Uc)

Uc = 1.62211762245E-29 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

b Menghitung faktor kekotoran (Rd)

Rd= -6.1647810625E+28

Rd desain ditentukan berdasarkan jenis fluida di tube dan di shell dengan menggunakan fouling factor untuk

= Fouling factor cooling water + fouling factor gas oil feed (biooil)
= 0.001+0.003
= 0.004

Rd > Rd design

c Menghitung pressure drop di tube (∆PT)

f= 0.00023 (fig 26 hal 836, Kern)

s= 8.1341725818E-05

∆Pt = 1.7929320988E+35 psi

 0.2 (fig.27 Kern)

∆Pr= 19670.1014629051 psi

∆PT = 1.7929320988E+35 psi

d Menghitung pressure drop di shell (∆Ps)

f= 0.00025 (fig 2 hal 839, Kern)

s= 0.857 (spesific gravity)

N+1 = 6.34813757922947

∆Ps = 0.42436959083516 psi

Syarat ∆P yang diperbolehkan pada shell dan tube yang dilalui oleh cairan maksimal 10 psi.
Dari hasil perhitungan, ∆P di shell dan tube keduanya memenuhi syarat.
 No Arus 1.000
Total flowrate 127.339 kg/jam
Komponen %massa kg/jam
NH3 0.995 126.702
t1 H2O 0.005 0.637
Gland
127.339
T2

T1

t2

2708.6913 lb/hr
284.000 F
212.000 F

22781.4990 lb/hr
86.000 F
230.000 F

= 1367806.2080 Btu/hr

Fluida Dingin Selisih

Suhu Tinggi t2 = 230.000 54.000 Δt2
Suhu Rendah t1 = 86.000 126.000 Δt1
selisih 144.000 -72.000

29.431122268 C ΔLMTDmax 118.000 C 244.400

ΔLMTDmin 5.000 C 41.000

120 C 393 K
70 C 343 K
 "5 - 50" (Tabel 8. Kern)

Ket: A > 200ft2 memakai HE Shell n tube

A < 200ft2 memakai HE double pipe
Exchanger

1100 tube untuk ID shell 39 in (Kern Tabel 9 halaman 841)

C 322.038888888889 K

μ .yi A B C
0.0769558599 42.606 4.75E-01 -9.88E-05
0.0383724075 -12.218 3.51E-01 -7.29E-05
0.0641254344 11.811 4.98E-01 -1.09E-04
0.0421974137 23.811 5.39E-01 -1.54E-04
0.0526082363 27.758 2.12E-01 -3.28E-05
0.1254202765 -36.826 4.29E-01 -1.62E-05
0.0301153157 3.844 4.01E-01 -1.43E-04
0.4297949439

k.yi Komponen A B C
4.75E-03 N2 0.00309 7.59E-05 -1.10E-08
4.47E-03 C3H8O (biooil) -0.00108 7.97E-06 1.59E-07
3.73E-03 CO2 -0.012 1.02E-04 -2.24E-08
2.60E-03 CO 0.00158 8.25E-05 -1.91E-08
 4.37E-02 H2 0.03951 4.59E-04 -6.49E-08
1.08E-02 H2O 0.00053 4.71E-05 4.96E-08
4.99E-03 CH4 -0.00935 1.40E-04 3.32E-08
7.50E-02

ω
0.219
0.04
0.288
0.066
-0.22
0.345
0.011

yi*BM yi*Pc yi*Tc yi*ω

3.6003966632 4.42180247349318 16.21464354398 0.005143423805
6.8405750361 5.00608087691737 49.83315615995 0.02492796071
5.171815863 8.7894439441023 35.74679515356 0.033844232237
1.9799251414 2.50591454872324 9.395447422299 0.004665208621
0.3600889542 2.37624986172271 5.926640426489 -0.03929659113
169.2027639 1.13214136766695 1937.347356342 1.390431657445
1.2243798438 3.56008421868319 14.54477805214 0.000839503403
188.3799454 27.7917172913089 2069.0088171 1.420555395087

o
C
 Pc (atm) B0 B' B.Pc/R.Tc ω Z

3.5600842187 0.0814247524692092 0.138999927201 0.081541443381 0.0008395034 1.000695730184

g/cm3

BM (g/mol) yi.cp (J/g.K) yi.cp (Btu/lb.F) Komponen

28.000 1.35E-01 3.24E-02 N2
60.097 2.39E-01 5.72E-02 C3H8O (biooil)
44.010 -3.03E-01 -7.23E-02 CO2
28.011 7.49E-02 1.79E-02 CO
2.016 2.59E+00 6.19E-01 H2
18.015 6.11E-01 1.46E-01 H2O
16.043 2.14E-01 5.12E-02 CH4
0.825197730543737 0.19709509185
C 309.985410554326 K

μ .yi A B C
0.2288483387 -36.826 4.29E-01 -1.62E-05
0.2288483387

k.yi Komponen A B C
1.99E-02 H2O 0.00053 4.71E-05 4.96E-08
1.99E-02

Pc (atm) ω Tc = 374.13 C
217.66586765 0.345

yi*BM yi*Pc yi*Tc yi*ω

 9500.045 217.66586765 647.13 0.345
9500.045 217.66586765 647.13 0.345

Pc (atm) B0 B' B.Pc/R.Tc ω Z

217.66586765 -1.28710199216324 -3.6459454081 -2.54495315796 0.345 0.975591575928

g/cm3
 BM (g/mol) yi.cp (J/g.K) yi.cp (Btu/lb.F) Komponen
18.015 1.87E+00 4.47E-01 H2O
1.87063947810472 0.44679456341

a panas

B= 0.62088691458

C= 0.25
as= 0.00700653636

(hlm.139, Kern) Gs= 3709466.51211

μ= 0.22884833872

De= 0.75

Re= 1013079.51619

Dari fig.24 didapatkan JH= 500

k= 1.99E-02 Btu/hr.ft.F
cp= 0.4467945634 Btu/lb.F

= 274.61565183
akan fouling factor untuk masing-masing jenis fluida (Kern, Table 12).

(spesific gravity)
 BM 17 1
18 1 cal
1 Btu
1 lb
1m
1
1000
2.2046
viskositas
komponen A B C
NH3 -7.874 3.6700E-01 -4.4700E-06
H2O -36.826 4.2900E-01 -1.6200E-05
total -44.7 0.796 -0.00002067

H2O (Steam) -36.826 0.429 -0.0000162

konduktivitas
komponen A B C
NH3 0.00457 2.3239E-05 1.4810E-07
H2O 0.00053 4.71E-05 4.96E-08
total 0.0051 0.000070332 1.97651E-07

H2O 0.00053 0.000047093 4.9551E-08

kapasitas panas
komponen A B C
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05
H2O 33.9330 -8.4186.E-03 2.9906.E-05
total 67.506 -0.0209996 0.000118812

H2O 33.933 -0.0084186 0.000029906

F spesific gravity
F komponen yi s yi.s
NH3 0.995 0.59 0.58705
H2O 0.005 0.6218 0.003109
total 1 1.2118 0.590159
A B C D E
29.342 -3.54E-03 1.01E-05 -4.31E-09 2.59E-13
35.289 1.74E-01 9.43E-05 -1.48E-07 4.33E-11
27.437 4.23E-02 -1.96E-05 4.00E-09 -2.99E-09
29.556 -6.58E-03 2.01E-05 -1.22E-08 2.26E-13
25.399 2.02E-02 -3.85E-05 3.19E-08 -8.76E-12
33.933 -8.42E-03 2.99E-05 -1.78E-08 3.69E-12
34.942 -4.00E-02 1.92E-04 -1.53E-07 3.93E-11
705.434 F
 A B C D E
33.933 -8.42E-03 2.99E-05 -1.78E-08 3.69E-12

Shell side, cooling water, fluida dingin

ft2

lb/hr.ft2
lb/ft.hr

in 0.062499975 ft (fig.28 Kern)

kg 2.2046 lb 1 cal/gr K
4.186 Joule 4186 J/kg K 1 j/kg K
252 cal 0.999809 Btu/lb F 0.000239 btu/lb F
454 gr
3.28 ft 1 cal/cm ja 0.000116 kW/m K
kg 1 kW/m K
gr 1 gr/cm s 241.9088 lb/ft jam
lb

mikropoise poise kg/m.s kg/m.jam lb/ft.jam yi yi*kg/m.j yi*lb/ft.jam

135.66661297 0.000135666613 126.702 456127 306579 0.995 453846 305046
129.2689262 0.000129268926 0.637 2292.096 1540.596 0.005 11.46048 7.702979
264.93553917 0.000264935539 127.338651 458419 308119 1 453858 305053

129.2689262 0.000129268926 1228.6432 4423115 2972927 1 4423115 2972927

W/mK kj/m.jam K Btu/ft.jam F yi yi*Btu/ft.jam.F

0.0299647939 0.10787325804 0.01732492 0.995 0.017238
0.0225125246 0.081045088556 0.0130162 0.005 6.51E-05
0.0524773185 0.188918346596 0.03034113 1 0.017303

0.0266906514 0.096086345036 0.01543189 1 0.015432

D E kJ/kmol K kJ/kg K J/kg K Btu/lb F yi

-7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 37.0777349 0.522222 522.2216 0.12473 0.995 0.124107
-1.7825.E-08 3.6934.E-12 33.8956496 0.34238 342.3803 0.081776 0.005 0.000409
-8.9608E-08 2.22624E-11 70.9733844 0.864602 864.6019 0.206507 1 0.124516

-1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 34.2495962 1.902755 1902.755 0.454465 1 0.454465

 578.176 Btu/ft jam F

yi*lb/ft.jam
HEATER - 01

Fungsi : Menaikkan suhu umpan sebelum masuk Reaktor

Gambar :
t1
Gland
Return bend Gland
Gland

T2

T1

Tee
Return Head

t2

Fluida Panas : Saturated steam

Flowrate, W1 = 70.0156 Kg/hr =

T1 = 140.000 C =
T2 = 100.000 C =

Fluida Dingin : feed

Flowrate, W2 = 126.702 Kg/hr =
t1 = 30.000 C =
t2 = 110.000 C =

Perhitungan design sesuai dengan literatur pada Kern

A. Panas yang ditransfer pada H-01

Q = 19642.0375 Kkal/hr
82184.2573 kJ/hr
B. LMTD
Fluida Panas
T1 = 284.000 Suhu Tinggi
T2 = 212.000 Suhu Rendah

selisih

LMTD = t 2  t1
ln (t 2 / t1 )
LMTD = 84.976 o
F

Ft = 1.000
Dt = Ft*∆LMTD = 84.976 o
F
C. Tc = T avg = 248.000 oF
tc = t avg = 158.000 oF

Trial UD
- Asumsi UD = 6.000 Btu/jam ft F

A = Q
U D . t

A = 152.8782 ft2

Karena A < 200 ft2 , maka direncanakan menggunakan Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
dengan klasifikasi sebagai berikut (dari tabel 11, Kern):

Annulus
IPS = 3.000
Sch. No = 40.000 inch
OD = 3.500 inch
ID = 3.068 inch
a'' = 0.917 ft2

D. ANNULUS : FLUIDA dingin CH2O

1. Flow area, aa
D2 = 3.068 inch
D1 = 2.380 inch
2 2
aa =  ( D2  D1 ) 4 dari kern hal 111
= 0.020 ft2

Equivalent diameter, De
2 2
De = ( D2  D1 ) D1
= 0.131 ft

Laju Alir Massa, Ga

2. Ga = W / aa
= 13670.4990 lb/hr ft2

Reynold number, Re
3. pada t avg = 248.000 o
F

  = 0.0412 centipoise = 0.100

Rea = De x Ga

Rea = 17979.586

jH = 60.000 fig. 24 kern

4. Cp = 0.4005 Btu/lb F
5. k = 0.0357 Btu/hr (ft) F
k/De = 0.272 Btu/jam ft^2 F
(Cp. /k)^1/3 = 0.773

Koefisien Perpindahan Panas

6. teta = 1.000
1/ 3
k  Cp. 
ho  jH . .   .
De  k 

ho = 14.988 Btu/jam ft2 oF

Clean Overall coefficient, Uc

F.
Uc = (hi o x ho )
(hio  ho )

= 6.2467 Btu/jam ft2 oF

Design Overall, UD
G. 1 / UD = 1 / Uc + Rd , Rd
= 0.170
UD = 5.8794 Btu/jam ft2 oF

Required Surface Area

H.
Q
A =
U D . t

= 156.013 ft2
 External surface / lin ft, a''
a'' = 0.917 ft

Required length, L = A / a''

= 170.1344 ft

Dapat dipenuhi dengan menghubungkan 3 hairpin

dengan panjang 12 ft secara series

Mencari panjang dan A actual

Actual length = 12 x ( jm hair pin digunakan x 2 )

= 264.000 ft

A sebenarnya = L x a''

= 242.0880 ft2

Actual Design Overall Coeffesient, UD act

I.
UD = Q
A. t

= 5.2915 Btu/hr ft2 oF

Dirt Factor, Rd
J. Rd = U c U D
Uc x UD

= 0.028898 hr ft2 oF/ Btu

PRESSURE DRO
ANNULUS : FLUIDA panas

De' = (D2 - D1)

= 0.057 ft
De .G a
Rea' =  = 7854.5180

f = 0,264
0,0035 
(Re a ' ) 0, 42
 0,264
0,0035 
(Re a ' ) 0, 42
= 0.010

s = 1.0000
 = 13.821

Fa = 4 . f . Ga 2 . L
2 g . 2 .De
= 0.1898 ft

Va = Ga / (3600 . )

= 0.2748 fps

Ft = V 2  ft
1 x  
 2g 

= 0.0012

( Fa  F 1) x 
Pa =
144
= 0.0183 psi

SUMMARY
ho = 14.9882 h outside
Uc
UD
RD calculated
RD required
atm 0.001 0.0183 ∆P Calculated (psi)
10.000 ∆P Allowable (psi)
 No Arus 1.000
Total flow 906.453 kg/jam
Komponen%massa kg/jam
CH2O 0.370 335.388
t1 H2O 0.600 543.872
nd
Gland
CH3OH 0.030 27.194
T2 906.453

T1

Tee

t2

154.3577 lb/hr
284.000 F
212.000 F

279.3297 lb/hr
86.000 F
230.000 F

= 77945.9099 Btu/hr

Fluida Dingin Selisih

Suhu Tinggi t2 = 230.000 54.000 Δt2
Suhu Rendah t1 = 86.000 126.000 Δt1

selisih 144.000 -72.000

29.431122268 C ΔLMTDmax 118.000 C 244.400 F

ΔLMTDmin 5.000 C 41.000 F
 120 C 393 K
70 C 343 K

"5 - 50" (Tabel 8. Kern)

Ket: A > 200ft2 memakai HE Shell n tube

A < 200ft2 memakai HE double pipe
e Heat Exchanger

Inner Pipe
IPS = 2.000
Sch. No. = 40.000 inch
OD = 2.380 inch 0.198
ID = 2.067 inch 0.172
a'' = 0.622 ft2

E. INNER PIPE : FLUIDA panas

1. Flow area ap
= 0.256 ft Dp =
= 0.198 ft
ap =
kern hal 111
=

Laju Alir Massa, Gp

2. Gp =
=

Reynold Number, Rep

3. Pada t avg =
 lb/hr ft  =

D xG
Rep = p

Rep =

jH =
4. Cp =
5. k =

(C x k ) 1 / 3 =

Koefisien perpindahan panas

6.  =
1/ 3
k  Cp. 
hi  jH . .   .
De  k 

hi =

hio =

= 0.0100 (Tabel 12. Kern)

(Tabel.11 Kern)

12.000 panjang HP
HP 7.089 jumlah HP
jml hair pin 11

PRESSURE DROP
INNER PIPE : FLUIDA dingin

Rep = 43510.523
f = 0 , 264
0 ,0035 
(Re p ) 0 , 42
= 0.0065

s = 1.1976 Enggineering Toolbook

 = 74.850
 Fp = 4 . f . Gp 2 . L
2 g . 2 .D

= 0.372

Pp = Fp . 
144

= 0.1935 psi

SUMMARY
h outside hio = 10.7106
= 6.2467
= 5.2915
= 0.0289
= 0.010
∆P Calculated (psi) 0.1935
∆P Allowable (psi) 10.000
BM 17 1 kg
18 1 cal
1 Btu
1 lb
1m
1 kg
1000 gr
2.2046 lb
viskositas
komponen A B C mikropoise
CH2O -6.439 4.4802E-01 -1.0130E-04 153.9871763
H2O -36.826 4.2900E-01 -1.6200E-05 129.2689262
CH3OH -14.236 3.8935E-01 -6.2762E-05 129.08502186
total -57.501 1.2664E+00 -1.8026E-04 412.34112436

H2O (Steam) -36.826 0.429 -0.0000162 108.4150862

konduktivitas
komponen A B C W/mK
CH2O 0.00171 1.9431E-05 9.5287E-08 0.0195852533
H2O 0.00053 4.71E-05 4.96E-08 0.0225125246
CH3OH 0.00234 5.43E-06 1.32E-07 0.0196794115
total 0.00458 7.1958E-05 2.7638E-07 0.0617771893

H2O 0.00053 0.000047093 4.9551E-08 0.0266906514

kapasitas panas
komponen A B C D
CH2O 34.428 -2.9779E-02 1.5104E-04 -1.2733E-07
H2O 33.9330 -8.4186.E-03 2.9906.E-05 -1.7825.E-08
CH3OH 40.0460 -3.8287.E-02 2.4529.E-04 -2.1679.E-07
total 108.407 -7.6485E-02 4.2624E-04 -3.6195E-07

H2O 33.933 -0.0084186 0.000029906 -1.7825E-08

spesific gravity
komponen yi s yi.s
CH2O 0.37 1.08 0.3996
H2O 0.6 1.33 0.798
 CH3OH 0.03 1.11 0.0333
total 1 2.41 1.1976

E : FLUIDA panas

2.067 inch =
0.172 ft
 D2
4

0.023
ft2

W / ap
6627.354

158.000
 0.010842 centipoise = o
F
0.026 lb/hr ft (fig.15 Kern)
D xG p

43510.5226231385
kern halaman 114
150.000
0.454 (fig.24 Kern)
0.0154 Btu/lb oF (fig. 3 Kern)
Btu/hr ft F (Tabel 5. Kern)
0.918

rpindahan panas
1.000

12.332
Btu/jam ft2 oF
hi x (ID/OD)

10.711
Btu/jam ft2 oF
 2.2046 lb 1 cal/gr K
4.186 Joule 4186 J/kg K 1 j/kg K
252 cal 0.999809 Btu/lb F 0.000239 btu/lb F
454 gr
3.28 ft 1 cal/cm ja 0.000116 kW/m K
1 kW/m K 578.176 Btu/ft jam F
1 gr/cm s 241.9088 lb/ft jam

poise kg/m.s kg/m.jam lb/ft.jam yi yi*kg/m.j yi*lb/ft.jam

0.0001539872 335.388 1207395 811531 0.37 446736 300267
0.0001292689 543.872 1957938 1315997 0.6 1174763 789598
0.000129085 27.194 97896.9 65799.85 0.03 2936.907 1974
0.0004123411 906.453 3263230 2193328 1 1624436 1091839

0.0001084151 70.0156 252056 169415 1 252056 169415

kj/m.jam K Btu/ft.jam yi yi*Btu/ft.jam.F

0.0705069117 0.0113237 0.37 0.00419
0.0810450886 0.0130162 0.6 0.00781
0.0708458813 0.0113782 0.03 0.000341
0.2223978816 0.0357181 1 0.012341

0.096086345 0.0154319 1 0.015432

E kJ/kmol K kJ/kg K J/kg K Btu/lb F yi

3.3887E-11 37.314323 0.525554 525.5538 0.125526 0.37 0.046445
3.6934.E-12 33.89565 0.477404 477.4035 0.114026 0.6 0.068416
5.9909.E-11 47.852641 0.673981 673.9809 0.160978 0.03 0.004829
9.7489E-11 119.06261 1.676938 1676.938 0.40053 1 0.11969

3.6934E-12 34.249596 1.902755 1902.755 0.454465 1 0.454465

Btu/ft jam F
 POMPA 1 (P-01)

Fungsi : Mengalirkan hasil keluaran condesor parsial ke separator

Type : Centrifugal pump

Alir an 1 out

Alir an 1 in

P - 01
1. Menghitung Laju Alir Pompa
a. Menghitung densitas cairan (ρ)
T= 30 C 303 K
Komponen BM kg/jam kmol/jam yi
(CH2)6N4 140 253.0313 1.8074 0.0413
CH3OH 32 27.1936 0.8498 0.0194
H2O 18 739.7039 41.0947 0.9393
Jumlah 1019.9288 43.7518 1.0000
ρ = 4.3995 kg/L = 274.6536563 lb/ft3
b. Laju alir (Q)

Q = ∑umpan / ρ umpan
= 0.0773 L/s = 0.0027 ft3/s
= 0.0204 gall/s = 1.2248 gpm

2. Mengukur Ukuran Pipa Optimum

G = 0.2833135454 kg/s
ρ= 4399.5296 kg/m3
Dopt = 260 (G)0,52 (ρ)-0,37
= 6.0546919891 mm = 0.238373829 in

Dipilih pipa standar (Kern, tabel 11, hal 844) :

NPS = 0.25 in
OD = 0.54 in = 0.0450 ft
at = 0.104 in2 = 0.0007 ft2
Sch = 40
ID = 0.364 in = 0.0303 ft

a. Kecepatan aliran (V)

V = Q / at
= 3.7786 ft/s
 b. Bilangan reynold (Re)
Re = ρ V ID
q
µcairan
a' t
Komponen yi µ (cp) yi.µ
(CH2)6N4 0.0413 0.0465682 0.0019237
H2O 0.9393 0.8176964 0.7680355
CH3OH 0.0194 0.5059676 0.0098275
Jumlah 0.9806 0.7700

µ gas = 0.7700 cp
= 1.8633 lb/ft jam = 0.0005

Re = 60,820.7212

g V 2 P
Z .    F
gc 2.gc 
Karena Re > 2100, maka aliran turbulen
ε = 0.00015 (commercial steel)
Dari Brown, fig.126, hal. 141 didapat ε/D = 0.0049
Dari Brown, fig.125, hal 140 didapat f = 0.0460
3. Menentukan Head Pompa (H)
Sistem pemipaan :

No Jenis Jumlah Le (ft)

1 pipa lurus 1 46.1680
2 elbow standar 90° 3 75.0000
3 gate valve 1 30.0000
4 sudden contraction (d/D=1/2) 1 10
5 sudden enlargement (d/D=1/2 1 15.0000
Panjang ekivalen (Le) 176.1680

Persamaan Bernoulli : -Ws = ∆Z g + ∆V2 + ∆P + Σ F

gc 2 gc ρ
kondisi titik 1 :
P1 = 1.0 atm = 2116.2170 lb/ft2
z1 = 1.0 m = 3.2808 ft
kondisi titik 2 :
P2 = 1.0 atm = 2116.2170 lb/ft2
z2 = 4.5720 m = 15.0000 ft
v1=v2
a. static head = ∆z.g/gc = 11.7191 ft
P

 P
b. velocity head = ∆v2/2gc = 0 ft
c. pressure head = ∆p/ρ = 0.0000 ft 
d. friksi head (Σ F) = f V2.Le = 59.2287 ft
2 gc ID
Head pompa (H) = (-Ws) = 70.9478 ft =

4. Penentuan daya pompa

(Peter, fig.14-37, P.520)
η = efisiensi pompa = 50%
BHP = ρ.Q.H / η
= 106.3535 lb/ft s = 0.1934 HP

5. Menentukan tenaga yang dipakai motor

ηM = efisiensi motor = 91%

Power motor = BHP /ηm = 0.2125 HP
Digunakan motor standar dengan tenaga = 0.250
6. Putaran spesifik pompa

Digunakan motor dengan kecepatan putar (n) = 1750

Spesific speed (Ns) = n.Q0.5 = 79.22715055

H0,75
e separator

Alir an 1 out

(Density of Liquid, Yaws, Hal 208)

komponen A B
(CH2)6N4 0.29394 0.274
H2O 0.3471 2.74E-01
01 CH3OH 0.27197 0.27192

ρ (kg/L) yi.ρ (kg/L)

0.7374 0.0305
175.4700 3.4082
1.0230 0.9609 gal/jam
4.3995 231.82677741 L/jam
61.248818338 gal/jam
1.020813639 gal/menit

0.2781931 m3/jam

(Viscosity of Liquid, Yaws, hal 500)

komponen B C
(CH2)6N4 11.5928 -2.4836E+03 -1.7095E-02
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02
CH3OH -9.0562 1.25E+03 2.24E-02
 lb/ft s
H T-01 = 15 ft 4.5720
z2 = 4.5720 m

2 fV 2 ( L  Le)
gc.D

P g
Z.
 gc
P g
Z.
 gc

21.6249 m

V 2
2.gc

Power (Hp)
(Peter, fig.14-38, P.521) 0.050
0.083
HP 0.125
g V 2 P
Z .    F 0.167
gc 2.gc  0.250
rpm 0.333
0.500
rpm 0.750
1.000
1.500
2.000
3.000
5.000
 n Tc ρL, g/cm3=kg/dm3
0.28571 434.25 0.7374
2.86E-01 6.47E+02 1.0230
0.2331 512.58 175.47

D Vis (cp)
4.9208E-06 0.046568158
-1.26E-05 0.817696437
-2.35E-05 0.505967574
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
60
75
100
125
150
200
 POMPA 2 (P-02)

Fungsi : Mengalirkan hasil keluaran separator ke cristalizer

Type : Centrifugal pump

Alir an 1 out
Alir an 1 in

P - 01

1. Menghitung Laju Alir Pompa

a. Menghitung densitas cairan (ρ)
T= 30 C 303 K
Komponen BM kg/jam kmol/jam yi
(CH2)6N4 140 253.0313 1.8074 0.1803
H2O 18 147.9408 8.2189 0.8197
Jumlah 400.9720 10.0263 1.0000
ρ = 0.9715 kg/L = 60.65059813431 lb/ft3

b. Laju alir (Q)

Q = ∑umpan / ρ umpan
= 0.1376 L/s = 0.0049 ft3/s
= 0.0363 gall/s = 2.1806 gpm

2. Mengukur Ukuran Pipa Optimum

G = 0.11138112387 kg/s
ρ= 971.5294 kg/m3
Dopt = 293 (G)0,53 (ρ)-0,37
= 7.18321832581 mm = 0.282804023809 in

Dipilih pipa standar (Kern, tabel 11, hal 844) :

NPS = 0.25 in
OD = 0.54 in = 0.0450 ft
at = 0.104 in2 = 0.0007 ft2
Sch = 40
ID = 0.364 in = 0.0303 ft

a. Kecepatan aliran (V)

V = Q / at
 = 6.7270 ft/s

b. Bilangan reynold (Re)

Re = ρ V ID
q
µcairan
a' t
Komponen yi µ (cp) yi.µ
(CH2)6N4 0.1803 0.0465682 0.0083945
H2O 0.8197 0.8176964 0.6702964
Jumlah 1.0000 0.6787

µ gas = 0.6787 cp
= 1.6424 lb/ft jam = 0.0005

Re = 27,126.3615

g V 2 P
Z .    F
gc 2.gc 
Karena Re > 2100, maka aliran turbulen
ε = 0.00015 (commercial steel)
Dari Brown, fig.126, hal. 141 didapat ε/D = 0.0049
Dari Brown, fig.125, hal 140 didapat f = 0.0460

3. Menentukan Head Pompa (H)

Sistem pemipaan :
No Jenis Jumlah Le (ft)
1 pipa lurus 1 46.1680
2 elbow standar 90° 3 75.0000
3 gate valve 1 30.0000
4 sudden contraction (d/D=1/2) 1 10
5 sudden enlargement (d/D=1/2) 1 15.0000
Panjang ekivalen (Le) 176.1680

Persamaan Bernoulli : -Ws = ∆Z g + ∆V2 + ∆P + Σ F

gc 2 gc ρ
kondisi titik 1 :
P1 = 1.0 atm = 2116.2170 lb/ft2
z1 = 1.0 m = 3.2808 ft
kondisi titik 2 :
 P2 = 1.0 atm = 2116.2170 lb/ft2
z2 = 4.5720 m = 15.0000 ft
v1=v2
a. static head = ∆z.g/gc = 11.7191 ft
P
b. velocity head = ∆v /2gc =
2
0 ft
c. pressure head = ∆p/ρ = 0.0000 ft 
d. friksi head (Σ F) = f V2.Le = 187.7246 ft
2 gc ID
Head pompa (H) = (-Ws) = 199.4437 ft =

4. Penentuan daya pompa (Peter, fig.14-37, P.520)

η = efisiensi pompa = 50%
BHP = ρ.Q.H / η
= 117.5378 lb/ft s = 0.2137 HP

5. Menentukan tenaga yang dipakai motor

ηM = efisiensi motor = 91%
Power motor = BHP /ηm = 0.2348 HP
Digunakan motor standar dengan tenaga = 0.250

6. Putaran spesifik pompa

Digunakan motor dengan kecepatan putar (n) = 1750

Spesific speed (Ns) = n.Q0.5 = 48.6922976297

H0,75
Alir an 1 out

(Density of Liquid, Yaws, Hal 208)

komponen A B
(CH2)6N4 0.29394 0.274
H2O 0.3471 2.74E-01

ρ (kg/L) yi.ρ (kg/L)

0.7374 0.1329
1.0230 0.8386
0.9715 gal/jam
412.7225059 L/jam
109.0416132 gal/jam
1.81736022 gal/menit

0.495269 m3/jam

(Viscosity of Liquid, Yaws, hal 500)

komponen A B C
(CH2)6N4 11.5928 -2.4836E+03 -1.7095E-02
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02
lb/ft s

H T-01 = 15 ft 4.5720
z2 = 4.5720 m

2 fV 2 ( L  Le)
gc.D
P g
Z.
 gc

60.7904 m

V 2
2.gc

(Peter, fig.14-38, P.521) Power (Hp)

0.050
HP 0.083
0.125
g V 2 P
Z .    F 0.167
rpm gc 2.gc  0.250
0.333
rpm 0.500
0.750
1.000
1.500
2.000
3.000
5.000
 n Tc ρL, g/cm3=kg/dm3
0.28571 434.25 0.7374
2.86E-01 6.47E+02 1.0230

D Vis (cp)
4.9208E-06 0.046568158
-1.26E-05 0.817696437
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
60
75
100
125
150
200
log 10  A  B / T  C.T  C.T 2
 BELT CONVEYOR - 01

Tugas : Mengangkut Kristal hexamine dari cristalizer ke dryer

Jenis : Belt Conveyor Continuous

Kapasitas = 400.97 kg/jam = 884.14 lb/jam = 0.40 ton/jam

Faktor Keamanan = 0.2
1060.972 lb/jam

Dari tabel 15 dan 16 Brown diperoleh :

lebar belt = 14 in 1.162 ft
kapasitas maksimum = 48 ton/jam
kecepatan belt = 200 fpm
sudut elevasi = α = 0˚
cos α = 1.0000
tan α = 0.0000
jarak pengangkutan = 9.00 m 29.52756 ft
panjang belt = 9.00 m = 29.53 ft

Power yang dibutuhkan :

F ( L  Lo)( 0,03W .S  T )  T .z ( Brown )
P
990
P = Power yang diperlukan, hp
f = faktor friksi, diambil = 0.05
L = Panjang conveyor, pulley to pulley 29.53
Lo = 100
S = Kecepatan belt, fpm 200
T = Jumlah bahan yang diangkut, ton/jam
W = massa ( lb ) bagian bergerak, termasuk belt dan idlers / ft jarak
z  beda ketinggian, ft 0.00

W= 29.94299 lb/ft
Power Belt Conveyor:
P= 1.1779 Hp
Efisiensi motor = 80 %:
P= 1.4724 Hp
digunakan motor P = 1.500 Hp
Power (Hp)
0.050 7.5
0.083 10
0.125 15
0.167 20
0.250 25
0.333 30
0.500 40
0.750 60
1.000 75
1.500 100
2.000 125
3.000 150
5.000 200
 BELT CONVEYOR - 02

Tugas : Mengangkut Kristal hexamine dari dryer ke silo

Jenis : Belt Conveyor Continuous

Kapasitas = 253.03 kg/jam = 557.93 lb/jam = 0.25 ton/jam

Faktor Keamanan = 0.2
669.5207 lb/jam

Dari tabel 15 dan 16 Brown diperoleh :

lebar belt = 14 in 1.162 ft
kapasitas maksimum = 48 ton/jam
kecepatan belt = 200 fpm
sudut elevasi = α = 0˚
cos α = 1.0000
tan α = 0.0000
jarak pengangkutan = 9.00 m 29.52756 ft
panjang belt = 9.00 m = 29.53 ft

Power yang dibutuhkan :

F ( L  Lo)( 0,03W .S  T )  T .z ( Brown )
P
990
P = Power yang diperlukan, hp
f = faktor friksi, diambil = 0.05
L = Panjang conveyor, pulley to pulley 29.53
Lo = 100
S = Kecepatan belt, fpm 200
T = Jumlah bahan yang diangkut, ton/jam
W = massa ( lb ) bagian bergerak, termasuk belt dan idlers / ft jarak
z  beda ketinggian, ft 0.00

W= 18.89536 lb/ft
Power Belt Conveyor:
P= 0.7433 Hp
Efisiensi motor = 80 %:
P= 0.9291 Hp
digunakan motor P = 1.000 Hp
Power (Hp)
0.050 7.5
0.083 10
0.125 15
0.167 20
0.250 25
0.333 30
0.500 40
0.750 60
1.000 75
1.500 100
2.000 125
3.000 150
5.000 200