Lampiran C

Perancangan Alat

LAMPIRAN C
PERANCANGAN ALAT PROSES

1) Tangki Penyimpanan Etanol (T-101)

Gambar C.1 Tangki Penyimpanan Etanol

Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku etanol

Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Tipe : Silinder vertikal alas datar & tutup torispherical
Jumlah : 32 unit

1.. Kondisi Operasi

Temperatur = 30 C = 303 K = 86 F
o

Tekanan = 1 atm = 1.01 bar = 15 Psi

2.. Data Properties

Data fraksi massa dan mol T-101
Massa Fraksi Mol Fraksi
Komponen
(Kg/Jam) massa (kmol/Jam) mol
Etanol 44594 0.95 969 0.8814
Air 2347 0.05 130 0.1186
Total 46941 1 1100 1

Densitas campuran feed liquid

Data densitas liquid (chemical properties handbook , Yaws)
ρ = A B^(-1 - T/Tc)^n
ρ
Komponen A B n Tc ρ campuran
(kg/m3)
Etanol 0.266 0.264 0.2367 516.25 782.64 743.50456
Air 0.3471 0.274 0.2857 647.13 1022.88 51.14376
Total 794.64832
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Data viskositas liquid (μl) dari chemical properties handbook , Yaws

μ = 10 ^ (A + B/T + CT + DT^2)
Viskositas campuran feed liquid
μ
Komponen A B C D μ campuran
(cP)
Etanol -6.441 1117.6 1.4E-02 -2E-05 0.96 0.916
Air -10.216 1792.5 1.8E-02 -1E-05 0.82 0.041
Total 0.957

μ campuran = 0.9570 cP = 0.00096 kg/m.s

3. Ukuran Tangki
Lama penyimpanan = 5 hari = 120 jam
Faktor keamanan = 20% (20-30%)
Laju alir massa
Volume umpan =
Densitas
46941
=
794.648
= 59.072 m³/jam
Volume cairan = Volume umpan x t
= 7088.623 m³
Jumlah tangki = 32 unit
Volume cairan/tangki = 221.5194792 m³
Volume tangki = V cairan x (1+faktor keamanan)
= 265.82 m³
= 9387.55 ft³
= 70223.77 Gal
= 1671.98 bbl

4. Dimensi Tangki
Diameter tangki (D) ditentukan dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut:
Vs = π.D2.H
4
V head = 0.000049 D (Brownell, p.88)
3

Dengan : V = volume head, ft

3

D = diameter tangki, inch

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Perancangan Alat

Asumsi : H = 3/2 D
V tangki = V silinder + V head
V tangki = π . D² . 3/2D
+ 0.000049 D³
4
265.8 m³ = 1.177549 D
3

265.82 m³ = 1.1775 D
3

D = ID = 6.09 m R = 6.09 m
= 240 in = 119.86 in
= 19.98 ft = 19.98 ft

3.D
Tinggi shell =
2
= 9.1333 m
= 359.58 in
= 29.965 ft

Volume cairan
Tinggi cairan = x Tinggi shell
Volume tangki
221.52
= x 9.133
265.82
= 7.611 m
= 299.65 in
= 24.971 ft

5. Menentukan tebal shell

Bahan shell tangki jenis Carbon Steel SA-283 grade C
Allowable stress max (S) = 12650 Psi (Brownell, tabel 13.1 hal. 251)
Joint Efficiency (E) = 0.85 (Brownell Table 13.2, p.266)
Faktor korosi (C) = 0.125 in
Faktor Keamanan = 10%

6. Tekanan Design
Tekanan hidrostatik= ρxgxh
= 794.6 x 9.8 x 7.61
= 59272 Pa
= 8.5967 psi
= 0.585 atm
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Perancangan Alat

Tekanan desain = (P operasi + Phidrostatik) x (1+faktor keamanan)

= ( 14.70 + 8.597 ) x 1.10
= 25.622 Psi
= 1.743 atm

7. Tebal Shell Optimum

ts = PR (Wallas, tabel 18.3, hal.625)
+ C
SE - 0.6 P
ts = 25.62 x 119.86
+ 0.125
( 12650 x 0.85 )-( 0.6 x 25.62 )
= 0.411 in
= 0.010 m
= 0.034 ft

Dari Brownell tabel 5.7 page 89

Didapatkan tebal standar adalah= 7 in
16
= 0.438 in = 0.011 m = 0.0365 ft

8. Tekanan Max
P max = S x E x ts (Wallas, tabel 18.3 page 625)
R + 0.6 ts
= 12650 x 0.85 x 0.438
= 39.162 Psi
119.86 + 0.6 x 0.4375

9. Diameter luar Shell (OD)

OD = ID + 2 ts
= 239.720 + 2 x 0.438
= 240.595 in
= 6.111 m
= 20.049 ft

OD standard = 240 in (Brownell & Young, 90-Tabel 5.7)

= 6.096 m
= 20 ft
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10. Menentukan Tebal Head

Tebal head (torispherical head )
0.885
=
− 0.1
Dimana : rc = radius of dish (Inside Diameter )

th = 0.885 x 25.622 x 239.720 +

0.125
12650 x 0.85 - 0.1 x 25.622

th = 5435.727 + 0.125
10749.94

th = 0.631 in
= 0.016 m
= 0.053 ft

th standard = 0.75 in = 0.019 m = 0.0625 ft

(Brownell & Young, 88-Tabel 5.6)

11. Menentukan Dimensi Head

(Brownell & Young, 87)

* ID = rc = 240 in
* OD = 240 in
* th = 0.75 in
* Cek sf, icr dan r dengan mengacu pada nilai OD dan th, didapat :
sf = 3.5 in (Brownell & Young, 88-Tabel 5.6)
icr = 14.4375 in (Brownell & Young, 90-Tabel 5.7)
r = 180 in (Brownell & Young, 90-Tabel 5.7)
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Perancangan Alat

* a = ID = 119.860 in
2

* AB = ID - icr = 105.422 in
2

* BC = r - icr = 165.5625 in
* = − − = 52.340 in
* OA (tinggi head)= th + b + sf = 56.590 in
= 1.437 m
= 4.716 ft

Keterangan :
* icr = inside-corner radius , in * a = inside radius, in
* sf = straight flange , in * OA = overall dimension
* r = radius of dish , in head, in
* b = depth of dish , in

12. Menentukan Tinggi Total Tangki (HT)

Tinggi tangki = Tinggi shell + Tinggi head
= 9.13 + 1.4
= 10.6 m

Spesifikasi Tangki Penyimpanan Etanol (T-101)

Nama Tangki Penyimpanan Etanol (T-101)
Kode TK-101
Fungsi Menyimpan bahan baku etanol
Tipe Silinder vertikal alas datar & tutup torispherical
Bahan Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Jumlah 32 unit
Volume tangki 266 m³/unit
Dimensi tangki
Diameter tangki 6.089 m = 239.72 in = 19.976 ft
Tinggi shell 9.133 m = 359.58 in = 29.965 ft
Tebal shell 0.011 m = 0.437 in = 0.0365 ft
Tinggi head 1.437 m = 56.59 in = 4.7158 ft
Tebal head 0.019 m = 0.75 in = 0.0625 ft
Tinggi tangki 10.571 m = 416.17 in = 34.68 ft
Tekanan desain 1.743 atm= 176.66 kPa