Spesifikasi Alat

tangki penyimpanan bahan baku n-butanol (C4H9OH)
tipe: fixed cone roof tank

kondisi operasi:
suhu 30 oC
tekanan 1 atm
material : carbon steel SA-283 Grade C ullmann's, 2011
perhitungan dimensi tangki:

1
waktu penyimpanan 14 hari 1
336 jam
umpan :
C4H9OH 2565.06092575 kg/jam
H2O 5.1404026568 kg/jam
total 2570.20132841
kapasitas massa = 863587.64635 kg
densitas cairan (pL) = 0.8025006763 kg/L

total volume cairan = 1076120.7708 liter
jumlah tangki = 1 unit
volume cairan tiap tangki = 1076120.7708 liter

1076.1207708 m3
over design = 20%
volume tangki = 1291.3449249 m3

341137.23607 gallon
10829.753622 bbl
Ditinjau dengan ukuran tangki standar, dipilih berdasarkan

Brownell and Young hal 346, diperoleh volume tangki standar :
Vt 11900 bbl
(volume vessel standar)
D 45 f
(diameter) 540 in
13.716 m
H 42 f
(height) 504 in
12.8016 m
height of liquid in tank = 7.2867925291 m
Tebal Tangki
Dari Tabel 13.2 Brownell & Young 1959 hal 254
Digunakan bahan Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Tekanan design (p) = 12.65 psi
Allowable stress (S) = 18750 psi
Efisiensi sambungan (e) = 0.85
Faktor korosi = 0.125 in
tebal shell (pers. 3.18) :

t= L . (H-1) . 12. D +c
2 . S .e . 144
keterangan :
t = ketebalan shell (in)
H = tinggi (f)
D = diameter dalam (f)
e = corrosion allowance (in)
pL = densitas cairan (kg/L)
t= 0.1288708856 in
dari tabel disamping dipilih tebal shell standar yang dipakai = 0.1875
calculation per plate

ukuran plate standar = 6, 8 dan 10 feet dengan tinggi sebesar 42 feet, maka lebih baik digunakan :
width of plate 6f
jmlah plate = 7 plates
height (f) thickness (in)
plate-1 6 0.125472
plate-2 12 0.126039
plate-3 18 0.126605
plate-4 24 0.127171
plate-5 30 0.127738
plate-6 36 0.128304
plate-7 42 0.128871
ROOF
t head = 0.339323 in thickness of plate (inches)
distandarkan t head jadi (t roof)= 0.375 in 0.1875
0.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.5000
pers. 4.6 browell

sin = D D =tank diameter (f)
430. t roof t roof = inch unit
sin = 0.2790697674
= 16.2046933767 DERAJAT
radian = 0.2828252537
tinggi head (h) = D/2 * tan

h= 1.9930423871 m
Rule of Thumb (walas)

m3 = 264.17205 gallon US fluid
m3 = 8.38641436 bbl barrel US fluid
yaws, 1999
T = 30 C 303.15 K
input
komponen kg/jam BM (g/mol) kmol/jam A B n Tc (K) (kg/L)
C4H9OH 2565.06093 74.123 34.6054656 0.26891 0.26674 0.2457 562.93 0.802059
H2O 5.14040266 18.015 0.28534014 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 1.022875
total 2570.20133 34.8908057
yaws,1999
1f= 12 in
0.3048 m
in (for every single plate built the storage tank)
thickness of plate (inches)

3/16 "
1/4 "
5/16 "
3/8 "
7/16 "
1/2 "
mass frac mix (kg/L)
0.998 0.800454926
0.002 0.002045751
0.802500676
POMPA-01
Fungsi: Mengalirkan n-butanol dari mobil tangki menuju Tangki-1 dengan kapasitas
104803.95 kg/jam
Jenis alat = Pompa sentrifugal
z2
z1
1 meter 3 meter
Data
kapasitas cairan dari tangki mobil 130596.70771378 L 34500 gal (gal tank cars), Wallas, h
130.59670771 m3
suhu 30 C 303.15 K
Waktu pengisian 20 menit

0.3333333333 jam
densitas & viskositas
Komponen fraksi massa rho (kg/lt) vis (cP) rho.fm
N-Butanol 0.9980 0.8020590439 2.27E+00 0.8005
H2O 0.0020 1.0228752672 8.15E-01 0.0020
jumlah 1.0000 0.8025
densitas 0.80 kg/l

802.5006763201 kg/m3
viskositas 2.27 cP
0.0023600288 kg/m.s
massa cairan dalam tangki 104803.94626549 kg
PUMP CAPACITY
Kecepatan volume cairan (Q) 391790.123141339 L/jam
391.7901231413 m3/jam
0.1088 m3/detik
1725.0003 gallon/menit
Kecepatan massa cairan 314411.8388 kg/jam
Menentukan titik pemompaan

Titik 1 suction
Titik suction head 4m
- Tekanan permukaan cairan suction head 1.0000 atm
1.0133 bar
1
Titik 2 discharge 1
- Tinggi discharge head 13.3016 m
- Tekanan permukaan cairan discharge head 1.0000 atm
1.0133 bar
Pemilihan pipa
Ukuran pipa optimum
Digunakan pipa stainless steel dengan diameter optimum
Diopt 0.363 Ql 0.45 l 0.13 (pers. 15 p.496 Peter & Timmerhaus)

Dengan hubungan :
Diopt : Diameter pipa optimum [ m]
Ql : kecepatan vulume fluida [ m3 /s ]
l : Rapat massa fluida [ kg /m3 ]
Di opt = 0.3192 m
12.5658 in
Pemilihan pipa standar (kern, hal 844)

Nominal pipe size 14 in
Sch No, = 40
OD = 14 in 0.3556 m
ID = 13.25 in 0.33655 m
at' = 138 in2 0.08903208 m2
Kecepatan linier cairan dalam pipa =
1.2223750109 m/s 4.0104168308 f/s
Dari Schweitzer, P.A., p: 1-523 kecepatan linear umpan disyaratkan 2-5 f/detik
Reynold number =
Re = 139888.547949992 Transition flow
Bahan konstruksi pipa :

Dipilih bahan pipa dari Comercial Steel
sehingga /D (kekasaran relatif) = 0.00012 fig.126 p.141 Brown
Besarnya Faktor friksi (f) = 0.02 fig. 125 Brown
Memilih panjang ekuivalen (Le) dan panjang pipa dari Brown, G.S., 1987
fig. 127 diperoleh :
jumlah Le (f) sig Le (f) sig Le (m)
Sudden enlargement 1 20 20 6.096
Sudden contraction 1 13 13 3.9624
Standard elbow 5 33 165 50.292
Check valve 1 80 80 24.384
Gate valve fully open 2 7 14 4.2672
Panjang pipa lurus ( L ) 17.3016 m
L + Le = 106.3032 m
Menentukan head pompa
Head pompa dihitung dengan persamaan Bernoully :
P1 v 21 P2 v22
z1 hf hman z2
2g 2g
Dengan hubungan:
g : percepatan gravitasi normal [ m /s 2 ]
hf : head karena friksi [ m]
hman : Head pompa [ m]
P1 : Tekanan pada titik 1 [ Pa ]
v1 : kecepatan linear pada titik 1 [ m /s ]
z1 : elevasi titik 1[ m ]
Pressure head
Hp = (P2 - P1) 0m
rho. g
Velocity head
0m
Static head
9.3016 m
Friction head
0.4815923654 m
Total head pompa :

H total = Hp + Hv + Hs + Hf
H total = 9.7832 m
32.0970888402 f
Menentukan kecepatan spesifik (ns)

Putaran pompa (n) 3500 rpm (Fig 5.6 Coulson, berdasarkan kapasitas
head pompa (Hman) 32.0970888402 f
Debit cairan 1607.4632895494 Gpm
ns 10406.1322953931 rpm
Dari fig. 3-47 Ludwig vol.1 digunakan

pompa sentrifugal dengan tipe axial-flow field
Menentukan brake horse power

Debit cairan (Q) 0.1088 m3/detik 3.8433196282 f3/s
Total head pompa 32.0970888402 f
Densitas () 802.5006763201 kg/m3 50.0984801213 lb/f3
Effisiensi 0.8 (sinnott and towler fig. 10.63)
7725.1462791715 lb.f/s
14.0457219122 Hp
Effisiensi motor
Diperoleh dari fig 14.38 Peters, M.S., K.D., timmerhaus edIV (1991) halaman 521
Effisiensi motor 87%
Daya yg diperlukan (MHP) = 16.144507945 Hp
Motor standart: Dipilih Motor Induksi
Digunakan motor standar dengan daya 20 Hp (Ludwig, hal. 331)
Komponen massa dlm tangki mobil (kg) fraksi massa Pv (mmHg) Pv (atm)
N-Butanol 104594.3384 0.9980 14.8960 0.0194
H2O 209.6079 0.0020 33.3666 0.0434
jumlah 104803.9463
NPSH : Net Positive Suction Head

Perhitungan NPSH atau tinggi tekan hisap digunakan untuk mengetahui terjadinya atau tidaknya kavitasi.
Jika NPSH yang tersedia (HsV) lebih besar dari NPSH yang diperlukan berarti tidak terjadi kavitasi
=(+/)+
=(+/)1+1/(. )/(. )
Menentukan head friksi pada daerah hisap (hf1)

Sudden enlargement 0 20 0 0
TOTAL 26.2128
Panjang pipa lurus (L) 4m
L + le 30.2128 m
0.1368750312 m
hs 4m
h absolute 12.8838342688 m
h vapor 0.2501115409 m
NPSH available 16.4968476967
N = Kecepatan putaran (rpm) 3500 rpm

Q = Kapasitas pompa (m /men)
3
6.5298353857 m3/mnt
HsVN (NPSH requires) 8.2257895453 m

NPSH available (HsV) > NPSH requires (HsvN), maka tidak terjadi kavitasi.
1 m3 = 264.1721 gallon US fluid
l (gal tank cars), Wallas, halama 1 m3 = 8.386414 bbl barrel US fluid
vis.fm massa dlm tangki mobil (kg)

2.2654 104594.3384
0.0016 209.6079
2.2671 104803.9463
Pa = 1 kg/m s2
atm = 101325 Pa = 101325 kg/m s2
.126 p.141 Brown
g. 125 Brown
, berdasarkan kapasitas m3/jam nya)
391.7901231413 m3/jam
udwig, hal. 331)

fm.Pv(atm)
0.0193
0.0001
0.0194
nya kavitasi.

/(. )
DENSITAS
komponen A B n Tc (K)
C4H9OH 0.2689 0.2667 0.2457 562.9300
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
VISKOSITAS
komponen A B C D
C4H9OH -5.3970 1325.6000 0.0062 0.0000
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
vapor pressure
komponen A B C D E
C4H9OH 109.2803 -6306.0000 -36.9470 0.0145 -3.9480E-13
H2O 29.8805 -3.15E+03 -7.3037 2.42E-09 1.81E-06
tangki penyimpanan asam akrilat
tugas : menyimpan bahan baku C2H3COOH

Tipe Alat : tangki silinder vertikal (Fixed cone roof tank)
kondisi operasi :
suhu 30 oC ullmann's 2011
tekanan 1 atm
material : stainless steel type 316 dan 304 (kirk & othmer 2004)
perhitungan dimensi tangki :
waktu penyimpanan = 14 hari

336 jam
umpan :
C2H3COOH 2472.2536522395 kg/jam
H2O 2.4722031476 kg/jam
Total 2474.7258553871
Kapasitas massa = 831507.88741005 kg
densitas cairan (pL) = 1.0398848062 kg/L

total volume cairan = 799615.382815805 L
jumlah tangki = 1 unit
volume cairan tiap tangki = 799615.382815805 L

799.6153828158 m3
over design = 20%
volume tangki = 959.538459379 m3

253483.241867983 gallon
8047.087114708 bbl

Vt 8390 bbl
(volume vessel standar)
D 50 f
(diameter) 600 in
15.24 m
H 24 f
(height) 288 in
7.3152 m
height of liquid in tank = 4.385726547 m
Tebal Tangki
Dari pers. 3.18 Brownell & Young 1959 untuk hidrostatic test
Digunakan bahan Baja Stainless stell SA 167 grade 3
Tekanan design (p) 14.7 psi
Allowable stress (s) 18750 psi
Efisiensi sambungan (e 0.85
Faktor korosi (C) 0.125 in

t= L . (H-1) . 12. D +c
2 . S .e . 144
keterangan :
H = tinggi (f)
t= 0.1281265 in
dari tabel disamping dipilih tebal shell standar yang dipakai = 0.1875

width of plate 8f
plate-1 8 0.125952
plate-2 16 0.127039
plate-3 24 0.128126
ROOF
0.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.5000
pers. 4.6 browell

sin = D D = diameter tank (f)
sin = 0.2657807
= 15.413349 DERAJAT
radian = 0.2690137

h= 2.1008079 m
hmer 2004)

1 m3 = 8.38641436 bbl barrel US fluid
T=
input
komponen kg/jam BM (g/mol) kmol/jam A B n
C2H3COOH 2472.25365 72.064 34.30636174 0.34645 0.25822 0.30701
H2O 2.47220315 18.015 0.137230261 0.3471 0.274 0.28571
total 2474.72586 34.443592
yaws,1999
1f= 12 in
0.3048 m

3/16 "
1/4 "
5/16 "
3/8 "
7/16 "
1/2 "
yaws, 1999
30 C
303.15 K
Tc (K) (kg/L) mass frac mix (kg/L)
615 1.039902 0.999001 1.038862974
647.13 1.022875 0.000999 0.001021833
1.039884806
POMPA-02
Fungsi: Mengalirkan asam akrilat dari mobil tangki menuju Tangki-02 dengan kapasitas
135805.53 kg/jam
Jenis alat = Pompa sentrifugal
z2
z1
1 meter 3 meter
Data
kapasitas cairan dari tangki mobil 130596.70771378 L 34500 gal (gal tank cars), Wallas, h
130.59670771 m3
suhu 30 C 303.15 K
Waktu pengisian 20 menit

0.3333333333 jam
densitas & viskositas
Komponen fraksi massa rho (kg/lt) vis (cP) rho.fm
C2H3COOH 0.9990 1.0399018154 1.02E+00 1.0389
H2O 0.0010 1.0228752672 8.15E-01 0.0010
jumlah 1.0399
densitas 1.04 kg/l

1039.8848062201 kg/m3
viskositas 1.02 cP
0.001064179 kg/m.s
massa cairan dalam tangki 135805.532093931 kg
PUMP CAPACITY
Kecepatan volume cairan (Q) 391790.123141339 L/jam
391.7901231413 m3/jam
0.1088 m3/detik
1725.0003 gallon/menit
Kecepatan massa cairan 407416.5963 kg/jam
Menentukan titik pemompaan

Titik 1 suction
Titik suction head 4m
- Tekanan permukaan cairan suction head 1.0000 atm
1.0133 bar
1
Titik 2 discharge 1
- Tinggi discharge head 7.8152 m
- Tekanan permukaan cairan discharge head 1.0000 atm
1.0133 bar
Pemilihan pipa
Ukuran pipa optimum
Digunakan pipa stainless steel dengan diameter optimum
Diopt 0.363 Ql 0.45 l 0.13
(pers. 15 p.496 Peter & Timmerhaus)
Dengan hubungan :
Diopt : Diameter pipa optimum [ m]
Ql : kecepatan vulume fluida [ m3 /s ]
l : Rapat massa fluida [ kg /m3 ]
Di opt = 0.3301 m
12.9963 in
Pemilihan pipa standar (kern, hal 844)

Nominal pipe size 14 in
Sch No, = 40
OD = 14 in 0.3556 m
ID = 13.25 in 0.33655 m
at' = 138 in2 0.08903208 m2
Kecepatan linier cairan dalam pipa =
1.2223750109 m/s 4.0104168308 f/s
Dari Schweitzer, P.A., p: 1-523 kecepatan linear umpan disyaratkan 2-5 f/detik
Reynold number =
Re = 401998.674677922 Turbulen
Bahan konstruksi pipa :

Dipilih bahan pipa dari Comercial Steel
sehingga /D (kekasaran relatif) = 0.00012 fig.126 p.141 Brown
Besarnya Faktor friksi (f) = 0.01625 fig. 125 Brown
Memilih panjang ekuivalen (Le) dan panjang pipa dari Brown, G.S., 1987
fig. 127 diperoleh :
r jumlah Le (f) sig Le (f) sig Le (m)
Sudden enlargement 1 20 20 6.096
Check valve 1 80 80 24.384
Panjang pipa lurus ( L ) 11.8152 m
L + Le = 100.8168 m
Menentukan head pompa
HeadPpompa dihitung
v 21dengan persamaan Bernoully
P : v22
1
z1 hf hman 2 z 2
2 g 2g
Dengan hubungan:
g : percepatan gravitasi normal [ m /s 2 ]
hf : head karena friksi [ m]
hman : Head pompa [ m]
Pressure head
Hp = (P2 - P1) 0m
rho. g
Velocity head
0m
Static head
3.8152 m
Friction head
0.371098786 m
Total head pompa :

H total = Hp + Hv + Hs + Hf
H total = 4.186298786 m
13.734576509 f
Menentukan kecepatan spesifik (ns)

Putaran pompa (n) 3500 rpm (Fig 5.6 Coulson, berdasarkan kapasitas
head pompa (Hman) 13.734576509 f
Debit cairan 1607.4632895494 Gpm
ns 19668.7663552062 rpm
Dari fig. 3-47 Ludwig vol.1 digunakan

pompa sentrifugal dengan tipe Axial-flow field
Menentukan brake horse power

Debit cairan (Q) 0.1088 m3/detik 3.8433196282 f3/s
Total head pompa 13.734576509 f
Densitas () 1039.8848062201 kg/m3 64.9178870873 lb/f3
Effisiensi 0.8 (sinnott and towler fig. 10.63)
4283.4743049846 lb.f/s
7.7881358788 Hp
Effisiensi motor
Diperoleh dari fig 14.38 Peters, M.S., K.D., timmerhaus edIV (1991) halaman 521
Effisiensi motor 86%
Daya yg diperlukan (MHP) = 9.0559719521 Hp
Motor standart: Dipilih Motor Induksi
Digunakan motor standar dengan daya 10 Hp (Ludwig, hal. 331)
Komponen massa dlm tangki mobil (kg) fraksi massa Pv (mmHg) Pv (atm)
C2H3COOH 135669.8650 0.9990 5.4828 0.0071
H2O 135.6671 0.0010 33.3666 0.0434
jumlah 135805.5321
NPSH : Net Positive Suction Head

Perhitungan NPSH atau tinggi tekan hisap digunakan untuk mengetahui terjadinya atau tidaknya kavitasi.
Jika NPSH yang tersedia (HsV) lebih besar dari NPSH yang diperlukan berarti tidak terjadi kavitasi
=(+/)+
=(+/)1+1/(. )/(. )
Menentukan head friksi pada daerah hisap (hf1)

Sudden enlargement 0 20 0 0
TOTAL 26.2128
Panjang pipa lurus (L) 4m
L + le 30.2128 m
0.1112109629 m
hs 4m
h absolute 9.9427221673 m
h vapor 0.0712287032 m
NPSH available 13.7602825013
N = Kecepatan putaran (rpm) 3500 rpm

Q = Kapasitas pompa (m /men)
3
6.5298353857 m3/mnt
HsVN (NPSH requires) 8.2257895453 m

NPSH available (HsV) > NPSH requires (HsvN), maka tidak terjadi kavitasi.
l (gal tank cars), Wallas, halama 1 m3 = 8.386414 bbl barrel US fluid
vis.fm massa dlm tangki mobil (kg)

1.0215 135669.8650
0.0008 135.6671
1.0223 135805.5321
Pa = 1 kg/m s2
atm = 101325 Pa = 101325 kg/m s2
.126 p.141 Brown
g. 125 Brown
, berdasarkan kapasitas m3/jam nya)
391.7901231413 m3/jam
udwig, hal. 331)

fm.Pv(atm)
0.0071
0.0000
0.0072
nya kavitasi.

/(. )
DENSITAS
komponen A B n Tc (K)
C2H3COOH 0.3465 0.2582 0.3070 615.0000
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
VISKOSITAS
komponen A B C D
C2H3COOH -15.9215 2440.8000 0.0344 -2.7677E-05
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
vapor pressure
komponen A B C D E
C2H3COOH 23.0607 -3.13E+03 -4.8813 4.37E-04 -4.9161E-13
H2O 29.8805 -3.15E+03 -7.3037 2.42E-09 1.81E-06
tangki penyimpanan produk n-butil akrilat
tipe: fixed cone roof tank

kondisi operasi:
suhu 9 oC ullmann's, 2011
tekanan 1 atm
material : Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C ullmann's, 2011
perhitungan dimensi tanki:
waktu penyimpanan = 14 hari

336 jam
Umpan :
C2H3COOC4H9 4397.095959596 kg/jam
C4H9OH 22.095959596 kg/jam
Total 4419.1919191919
kapasitas massa = 1484848.4848485 kg
Densitas cairan (L) = 0.9095838044 kg/L

Volume cairan total = 1632448.2446222 L
Jumlah tangki = 1 unit
Volume cairan tiap tanki = 1632448.2446222 L

1632.4482446222 m3
Over design = 20%
Volume tangki = 1958.9378935466 m3

517496.63916089 gallon
16428.464880788 bbl

Vt 16790 bbl
D 50 f
600 in
15.24 m
H 48 f
576 in
14.6304 m
height of liquid in tank 8.9536441605 m
Tebal Tangki
Allowable stress (s) 18750 psi
Efisiensi sambungan (e)= 0.85
Faktor korosi (C) 0.125 in

t= L . (H-1) . 12. D +c
2 . S .e . 144
keterangan :
H = tinggi (f)
t= 0.130588 in
dari tabel disamping dipilih tebal shell standar yang dipakai = 0.1875 in (for every single plate b

width of plate 8f
plate-1 8 0.125832
plate-2 16 0.126783
plate-3 24 0.127735
plate-4 32 0.128686
plate-5 40 0.129637
plate-6 48 0.130588
ROOF
0.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.5000
pers. 4.6 browell

sin = D D = diameter tank (f)
sin = 0.310078
= 18.0639 DERAJAT
radian = 0.315275

h= 2.485287 m
1 m3 = 8.386414 bbl barrel US fluid
yaws, 1999
T=9C
input 282.15 K
komponen kg/jam BM (g/molkmol/jam A B n Tc (K) (kg/L)
C2H3COOC4H9 4397.096 128.171 34.30648 0.29947 0.25838 0.30843 598 0.910038
C4H9OH 22.09596 74.123 0.298099 0.26891 0.26674 0.2457 562.93 0.81914
total 4419.192
yaws,1999
1f= 12 in
0.3048 m

3/16 "
1/4 "
5/16 "
3/8 "
7/16 "
1/2 "
mass frac mix (kg/L)
0.995 0.9054881
0.005 0.0040957
0.9095838
material = Stainless steel SA-240 Grade C Type 347 (18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb)
dimensi reaktor
waktu tinggal (t)

liquid flow rate Fv
liquid volume VL
reaktor volume 20% over capacity

VR
asumsi comparison = Tinggi (H) =

Diameter (D)
V Reaktor = V Shell + 2. V Head

= /4 ^3 H + 2 ( /24 ^3)
VR = 0.785 D^3 + 0.2616666667

18.3329866545 = 1.0466666667 D^3
D^3 = 17.5155923451 m3
D= 2.5970178997 m
jadi, diameter inside of shell D = 2.5970178997
8.5203999335
102.2447992021
dan H = 2.5970178997
8.5203999335
102.2447992021
working pressure = 1
working temperature = 99
head thickness
pressure is designed over 20%

pressure design= working pressure x 1,2
pressure design = 1.2000
17.6351
base on pressure design, we can use torispherical dished heads, because it has working range betwwen 15 psig-20 p
then we use material construction Stainless steel SA-240 Grade C Type 347 (18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb)
f (allowable stress) 17000 psia
c (corrosion factor) 0.1250 in
E (joint efficiency) 0.8000
D (Inside diameter) 108.0000 in
head thickness is calculated by equation (brownell page 256)

thickness = P.D +C
2.f.E - 0,2 . P
thickness = 0.1950 in
then we followed standard of thickness (t head) = 0.3750
Height of Head
IDs = 108.0000 in
2.7432 m
ODs = IDs + 2 . Shell thickness

108.7500 in
2.7623 m
base on table 5.7 (brownell page 90) for OD 102,245 inches (being standarized to 108 in), we got
icr (inside-corner radius) =

r (radius of dish) =
thickness =
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)1/2
a= ID shell / 2
a= 54.0000 in
AB = a - icr
AB = 51.0000 in
BC = r - icr
BC = 99.0000 in
b= 17.1472 in
base on table 5.6 (brownell page 88) standard Straight Flange for 3/8 in thickness is between 1,5-3 inches then we c
thus,height of head (OA)= thickness of head + b + SF
20.0222
0.5085635309
Liquid Height at Inside of the reactor
wide of reactor's longitudinal section
A=
/4
^2
A= 5.9072397984 m2
liquid volume at bottom head=bottom head volume
V Head= ( /24 ^3)
liquid volume at bottom head (VH) = 2.7008 m3
liquid volume at shell (VS ) = total liquid volume - liquid volume at bottom head
12.5767 m3
height of liquid at shell = liquid volume at shell/wide of reactor's longitudinal section

2.1290 m
Height of Reactor
hR = h shell + 2. (height of head)

hR = 3.7603270619 m
148.0443725152 in
Shell Thickness
then we use material construction Stainless steel SA-240 Grade C Type 347 (18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb) dengan design tekanan >
Pressure design = working pressure x 120% = 1.2

17.635140012

r inside 54.0000 in
shell thickness is calculated by equation 13.1 Brownell-young p.254

thickness = P . r inside +C
f. E - 0.6 P
thickness= 0.1951 in
base on standard of thickness of plate, then the thickness =
Reactor's Stir Rod Dimension
Viskositas ----> log = A + B/T + C.T + D.T2 yaws, 1999

T operasi 99 C 372.15
P operasi 1 atm 101.325
Komponen output (kmol/jam) Fraksi mol (xi) A

Asam Akrilat 5.6010386514 0.065271194 -15.9215
N-Butanol 19.5615363714 0.2279585833 -5.397
Asam Sulfat 1.2320495466 0.0143575772 -18.7045
N-Butil Akrilat 29.4460301823 0.3431466321 -6.9308
Air 29.9711453101 0.3492660134 -10.2158
Total 85.8118000618 1
camp = 0.3456181663 cP
0.000232245 lbm/ft.s
0.8363959625 lbm/ft.jam
dari hasil viskositas, dipilih pengaduk 6 flat turbine impeller dgn 4 baffle
Dt (Diameter of reactor) 2.7432 m

Da (impeller diameter) 0.9144 m
E (stir distance from bottom of reactor) 0.9144 m
L (width of blade) 0.2286 m
W (height of blade) 0.18288 m
J (width of baffle) 0.2286 m
The Velocity of Stir Rod
mixture 0.8375 kg/L 0.0008

52.2846 lbm/f3
water 1.0000 kg/L

62.4279 lbm/f3
mixture 0.3456 cP
2.3225E-04 lbm/f.s
ID reactor 9.0000 f
N = 500/ phi. Da
N= 53.0786 rpm
from chemical process equipment by walas page 288, we choose standard impeller speed at, N =
baffle's height= height of liquid at shell
Power Number
N Re = N Da2

N Re = 1891066.56779611
dari fig 8.8 rase, diperoleh harga Np sebesar = 5.5 (untuk rentang N Re antara 550 - 10^7)
Agitation Power
P = daya pengaduk, hp
N = kecepatan pengaduk = 56 rpm
= densitas cairan = 52.2846 lbm/f3
Di = diameter pengaduk = 36 in
Np = power number = 5.5
P= 3.2033367667 hP
untuk perancangan motor pengaduk ditambah 10% dan 0,5 hp

P= 3.2033367667 hp + 0.3203336767
P= 4.0236704433 hp
3.0004510496 kW
dipilih motor pengaduk (standar berdasarkan Rase hal 358) dengan daya =
COOLER DESIGN
HoRTotal = delta H in - delta H out + delta Hrx total

-4840443.34858486 kj/jam
4840443.34858486 kj/jam
1156120.03166735 kkal/jam
4587855.40019 btu/jam
cooling agent : water
water in temperatur (t2) 30 C
water out temperatur (t1) 44 C
average temperatur 37 C
Solution inside the reactor (hot fluid)

hot fluid-in (T1) 99 C
hot fluid-out (T2) 99 C
water properties at 37 C 4178 J/K.kg

Cp 4.178 kj/K. Kg 0.999
1016.4209496536 kg/m3 63.4246672584
0.7041 cp 1.7032
water necessary for cooling

Wa 182439.331981984 lb/jam 82753.938121194
(water flow rate)Q 81.4169937656 m3/jam 0.0226158316
0.7986713083
TYPE OF COOLING SYSTEM
hot fluid
Temperature in (T1) 99.0000 C 372.1500
Temperature out (T2) 99.0000 C 372.1500
cool fluid
temperature in (t2) 30.0000 C 303.0000
temperature out (t1) 44.0000 C 317.1500
(T1-t1) 99.0000 F
(T2-t2) 124.2000 F
T LMTD 111.1242 F
Ud (from table 8 kern page 840) 150.0000 btu/jam.f2. F

(light organic 0,345 cP ; Ud (75-150)
Necessary area for heat transfer
Q = Ud. A . T LMTD
A= 275.2389 f2
25.5697 m2
Reactor blanket area = A tersedia

1
A tersedia = 284.9441 f2 At Dt H Dt 2
4
26.4713 m2
A yang dibutuhkan < A tersedia maka di pakai jaket pend
base on ludwig vol.3 ed.2 page 85 Diopt = 3,9qf0,45 f0,13

water speed 3.0000 m/detik mcgrawhill p.496
Longitudinal area 0.0075 m2 Diopt : diameter pipa optimum [in]
qf : kecepatan volume fluida [f3/s]
ID coil 6.0454 in
f : rapat massa fluida [lb/f3]
base on table 11 page 844 kern the we used 40 NPS

ID 6.0650 in 0.5052
OD 6.6250 in 0.5519
At 28.9000 in2 0.2007
At' 1.7340 f2/f
Thermal Conductivity (k) pada T 99 C 372.15 K

input
Component A B C
C2H3COOH -1.6101 0.9742 615.0000
C4H9OH -1.3120 0.6190 562.9300
C2H3COOC4H9 -1.6774 0.9946 598.0000
H2O (unorganic comp) -0.2758 0.0046 0.0000
H2SO4 (unorganic comp) 0.1553 0.0011 0.0000
= (0.87 . )/ ((^2 )/) ^(2/3) ( (.

)/) ^(1/3) ( /) ^0.14
0.032270554 15288.42811749 1.3572386525
k 0.3338 btu/f2.jam.F
Di (inside diameter of reactor) 9.0000 f
L (diameter of agitator) 3.0000 f
N (agitator windlass) 3360.0000 rev/jam
(solution density) 0.8375 kg/L

837.5201 kg/m3
52.2847 lbm/f3
Cp mixture 1.4356 btu/lbm .F
Cp 0.9979 btu/lbm .F
(viscosity of solution) 0.3456 cP
0.8364 lbm/f.jam
w (viscosity of water) 1.7032 lbm/f.jam
hc 606.1595 btu/jam.f2. F
inside of coil
Re 593229.7622
from fig.24 page 834 kern

jh 1000.0000
= ( . )/ ( (. )/) ^(1/3)
( /) ^0.14
660.7754074539 1.3572386525 0.9052352372
hi = 811.8420486561 btu/Jm.f2.F
Dcoil = 0.5 Di reactor - height of blade + 0.5 Da impeller

1.6459 m
5.4000 f
hio = hi + (1+ (3.5 Di reactor/Dcoil) )

818.6754 btu/Jm.f2.F
OVER ALL HEAT TRANSFER (Ud)

hio. Hi 664635.0993 btu/Jm.f2.F
hio+hi 1630.5174 btu/Jm.f2.F
Uc 407.6222 btu/Jm.f2.F
Rd liquid organic materials 0.0010 (kern p.845)

Rd refrigerating liquid 0.0010
Rd total 0.0020
Ud 224.5550 btu/jam f2. F
HEAT TRANSFER AREA
Q = Ud. A. T LMTD
Ao 183.8563 f2
17.0802 m2
heat transfer area per coil

A' = At' . Phi. Dcoil
A' 29.4017 f2
2.7314 m2
coil windlass (Nt = Ao/ A' )

Nt 6.2533
7.0000 windlass
total length of caoil

L= Ao/At'
L 106.0301 f
32.3180 m
minimum height of coil without space between

Hmin = Nt. OD coil
Hmin 3.8630 f
1.1775 m
height of coil with SPACE (pt) 1.0000 in between

0.0833 f
H=Hmin+ (Nt-1) .pt

H 4.3630 f
1.3298 m
height of liquid at shell 2.1290 m
Water-out
Water-out
Do
DJi
Di
Do
Dji
assume
1) T liquid = T outside-wall
2) heat transfer occur along the shell
cold fluid mass ( kebutuhan air pendingin) = H rx/ (Cp air@37C*(t1 temperatur out air - t
82753.9381 kg
V cold fluid = m /
81.4170 m3
Hshell total = Hshell+ 2. Sf

113.0000 in
2.8702 m
V cold fluid = Vreaktor+jaket - Vreaktor

81.4170 (1/4 . Phi . Dji^2 . Hshell total) - (1/4 . Phi . Do^2 . Hshell total)
81.4170 2.253107 Dji^2 - 17.1912628786
98.6083 2.253107 Dji^2
Dji^2 = 43.7654566091
Dji = 6.6155465843 m
260.4540690242 in
Jaket thckness = Dji - Do 3.8533 m

151.7042865238 in
Jacket wall thickness
Pressure design = working pressure x 120% = 1
17.635140012

r inside 130.2270 in

f. E - 0.6 P
base on standard of thickness of plate, then the thickness is 0.3125
input and output pipe size
Plant Design and Economics for chemical engineering Mc Graw Hiil,1991,Hal 496
Diopt = 3,9qf0,45 f0,13
Diopt : diameter pipa optimum [in]

qf : kecepatan volume fluida [ft3/s]
f : rapat massa fluida [lb/ft3]
Diopt 6.0454 in
base on table 11 page 844 kern the we use
Inside Diameter 6.0650 in
Outside Diameter 6.6250 in
2 jam
7.6387444394 m3/jam 7638.7444393766 L/jam
15277.4888787531 L 1 m3 = 264.17205
15.2774888788 m3
4035.8855559524 gallon
18332.9866545037 L
18.3329866545 m3
4843.0626671429 gallon
1
1
1m= 39.37007874
3.280839895
D^3
m OD standar pada brownell hal 90 dan diambil D standar :

f
in
m
f
in
atm 14.69595001 Psi

C 372.15 K
atm
Psia
rking range betwwen 15 psig-20 psig (page 88 brownell and young)

(Brownell, Appendix D, hal. 342)
(Brownell, hal. 344)
(Brownell, tabel 13.2, hal. 254)

0.1875 3/16 "
0.2500 1/4 "
0.3125 5/16 "
0.3750 3/8 " yang tersedia ini di table hal 90 uat 108
in 0.4375 7/16 "
0.5000 1/2 "
108 in), we got
3 in
102 in
0.375 in
s between 1,5-3 inches then we choose Sf =
in
m
8 Ni-Cb) dengan design tekanan >20% dari tekanan operasi
atm
Psia

0.375 in
K
KPa
B C D Visc (cP) xi/visc

2440.8 0.034383 -0.000027677 0.3977734695 0.1640913711
1325.6 0.0062223 -5.5062E-06 0.522455032 0.4363219211
3496.2 0.03308 -0.000017018 4.4045591674 0.0032597081
1168.9 0.013471 -0.000012339 0.3269436885 1.0495588206
1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631 0.2816355667 1.240134609
5.9333669241 2.89336643
we use strandard from Rase p.342
9.0000 f Da/Dt
3.0000 f 36 in H/Dt
3.0000 f J/Dt
0.7500 f E/Dt
0.6000 f W/Da
0.7500 f L/Da
kg/m3
r speed at, N = 56 rpm
0.9333 rps
rentang N Re antara 550 - 10^7)
1 hp = 0.7457 kW
hp + 0.5 hp ( Rase, hal. 349 )
5 hp
303.15 K 86 F dt =
317.15 K 111.2 F
98.6 F
372.15 K 210.2 F
372.15 K 210.2 F
kcal/K kg 0.997898588 btu/lb.F (www.vaxasofware.com)

lb/f3 (yaws,1999)
lb/f.jam 0.7725 kg/f.jam (yaws,1999)
kg/jam
m3/detik
f3/detik
K 210.2000 F
K 210.2000 F
K 86.0000 F
K 111.2000 F
in T1 T2 out
----> ---->
reactan (99 C) reactan (99 C)
outt1 t2 in
<---- <----
water 44 C) water (30 C)
1
Dt H Dt 2
4
A tersedia maka di pakai jaket pendingin
opt = 3,9qf0,45 f0,13

rawhill p.496
t : diameter pipa optimum [in]
ecepatan volume fluida [f3/s]
apat massa fluida [lb/f3]
f
f
f2
1.0000
k kg/jam mass fraction(x) x.k

0.1370735713 2522.7078086125 0.4011609477 0.0549885638
0.1387996972 3629.5801472554 0.577175766 0.0801118215
0.1190289371 5.2008282666 0.0008270356 9.84411698231E-05
3.303651119 10.1909484051 0.0016205644 0.0053537795
2.7236384378 120.8381874828 0.0192156863 0.0523365817
6288.5179200225 0.1928891877 W/m.K
0.3338333171 btu/f2.jam.F
( (.
0.9052352372
Components Cp (kJ/kmol.K) mol fraction of input x. Cp Mr

C2H3COOH 162.6160 0.4079 66.3384 72.0640
C4H9OH 650.3521 0.5706 371.1119 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 149.1675 0.0005 0.0705 128.1710
H2O 284.3957 0.0066 1.8748 18.0150
H2SO4 75.5163 0.0144 1.0842 98.0790
TOTAL 1.0000 440.4799
Cp mixture 440.4799 kJ/kmol.K

6.0107 kJ/kg.K
1.4356 BTU/lb F
Water-out
Water-out
tj
Di
Do
Dji
r@37C*(t1 temperatur out air - t2 temperatur in air))
hi . Do^2 . Hshell total)

atm
Psia

in
gallon
in
f
108 in
2.7432 m
9f
edia ini di table hal 90 uat 108 in diameter
2.5 in
1/ 3 Da = diameter pengaduk
1 Dt = diameter dalam reaktor
1/12 E = jarak pengaduk dari dasar reaktor
1/3 H = tinggi cairan dalam reaktor
1/ 5 W = tinggi impeller
1/4 L = lebar impeller ( walas hal. 287 )
J= lebar baffle
(McCabe figure 9.7 halaman 242)
(McCabe halaman 243)
25.2 f
W/m. K = 1.7307 btu/f.jam.F
T= 372.15
Komponen A B C D
Asam Akrilat -18.242 1.2106 -0.00312 3.14E-06
N-Butanol 83.877 0.56628 0.001721 2.28E-06
Asam Sulfat 26.004 0.70337 -0.00139 1.03E-06
N-Butil Akrilat 101.239 1.1519 -0.00324 3.95E-06
BM mix Air 92.053 -0.03995 -0.00021 5.35E-07
29.3981
42.2970
0.0606
0.1188
1.4082
73.2827
dimensi reaktor
waktu tinggal (t)

liquid flow rate Fv
liquid volume VL

VR
asumsi comparison = Tinggi (H) =

Diameter (D)

= /4 ^3 H + 2 ( /24 ^3)
VR = 0.785 D^3 + 0.261666667

18.3408761183 = 1.0466666667 D^3
D^3 = 17.5231300493 m3
D= 2.5973903821 m
jadi, diameter inside of shell D = 2.597390382
8.521621988
102.2594639
dan H = 2.597390382
8.521621988
102.2594639
working pressure = 1
working temperature = 99
head thickness

17.6351

thickness = P.D +C
2.f.E - 0,2 . P
then we followed standard of thickness (t head) = 0.3750
Height of Head
IDs = 108.0000 in
2.7432 m

108.7500 in
2.7623 m

thickness =
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)1/2
a= ID shell / 2
a= 54.0000 in
AB = a - icr
AB = 51.0000 in
BC = r - icr
BC = 99.0000 in
b= 17.1472 in
20.0222
0.508563531
A=
/4
^2
A= 5.9072397984 m2
V Head= ( /24 ^3)
12.5833 m3

2.1301 m
Height of Reactor

hR = 3.7603270619 m
148.0443725152 in
Shell Thickness
Pressure design = working pressure x 120% = 1.2

17.63514001

r inside 54.0000 in

f. E - 0.6 P
base on standard of thickness of plate, then the thickness =

T operasi 99 C 372.15
P operasi 1 atm 101.325
Komponen output (kmol/jam) Fraksi mol (xi) A

Asam Akrilat 0.7001298314 0.0081588993 -15.9215
N-Butanol 14.6606275514 0.1708462885 -5.397
Asam Sulfat 1.2320495466 0.0143575772 -18.7045
N-Butil Akrilat 34.3469390023 0.4002589268 -6.9308
Air 34.8720541301 0.4063783082 -10.2158
Total 85.8118000618 1
camp = 0.3313513446 cP
0.0002226582 lbm/ft.s
0.8018702539 lbm/ft.jam
dari hasil viskositas, dipilih pengaduk 6 flat turbine impeller dgn 4 baffle
Dt (Diameter of reactor) 2.7432 m

Da (impeller diameter) 0.9144 m
E (stir distance from bottom of reactor) 0.9144 m
L (width of blade) 0.2286 m
W (height of blade) 0.18288 m
J (width of baffle) 0.2286 m
mixture 0.8375 kg/L 0.0008

52.2846 lbm/f3
water 1.0000 kg/L

62.4279 lbm/f3
mixture 0.3314 cP
2.2266E-04 lbm/f.s
ID reactor 9.0000 f
N = 500/ phi. Da
N= 53.0786 rpm
Power Number
N Re = N Da2

N Re = 1972489.23305104
Agitation Power
P= 3.2033367667 hP

P= 3.2033367667 hp + 0.320333677
P= 4.0236704433 hp
3.0004510496 kW
dipilih motor pengaduk (standar berdasarkan Rase hal 358) dengan daya =
COOLER DESIGN
HoRTotal = delta H in - delta H out + delta Hrx total

-3277252.95111086 kj/jam
3277252.95111086 kj/jam
782758.419583181 kkal/jam
3106236.67435875 btu/jam
cooling agent : water
water in temperatur (t2) 30 C
water out temperatur (t1) 44 C
average temperatur 37 C
Solution inside the reactor (hot fluid)

hot fluid-in (T1) 99 C
hot fluid-out (T2) 99 C
water properties at 37 C 4178 J/K.kg

Cp 4.178 kj/K. Kg 0.999
1016.4209496536 kg/m3 63.42466726
0.7041 cp 1.7032
water necessary for cooling

Wa 123521.709909372 lb/jam 56029.08006
(water flow rate)Q 55.1238933861 m3/jam 0.015312193
0.540745488
TYPE OF COOLING SYSTEM
hot fluid
Temperature in (T1) 99.0000 C 372.1500
Temperature out (T2) 99.0000 C 372.1500
cool fluid
temperature in (t2) 30.0000 C 303.0000
temperature out (t1) 44.0000 C 317.1500
(T1-t1) 99.0000 F
(T2-t2) 124.2000 F
T LMTD 111.1242 F
Ud (from table 8 kern page 840) 150.0000 btu/jam.f2. F

(light organic 0,345 cP ; Ud (75-150)
Necessary area for heat transfer
Q = Ud. A . T LMTD
A= 186.3523 f2
17.3121 m2
Reactor blanket area = A tersedia

1
A tersedia = 285.0258 f2 At Dt H Dt 2
4
26.4789 m2
A yang dibutuhkan < A tersedia maka di pakai jaket pendingin
base on ludwig vol.3 ed.2 page 85 Diopt = 3,9qf0,45 f0,13

water speed 3.0000 m/detik mcgrawhill p.496
Longitudinal area 0.0051 m2 Diopt : diameter pipa optimum [in]
ID coil 5.0723 in
base on table 11 page 844 kern the we used 40 NPS

ID 6.0650 in 0.5052
OD 6.6250 in 0.5519
At 28.9000 in2 0.2007
At' 1.7340 f2/f
Thermal Conductivity (k) pada T 99 C 372.15 K

input
Component A B C
C2H3COOH -1.6101 0.9742 615.0000
C4H9OH -1.3120 0.6190 562.9300
C2H3COOC4H9 -1.6774 0.9946 598.0000
H2O (unorganic comp) -0.2758 0.0046 0.0000
H2SO4 (unorganic comp) 0.1553 0.0011 0.0000
= (0.87 . )/ ((^2 )/) ^(2/3) ( (.

)/) ^(1/3) ( /) ^0.14
0.0749888762 15724.18163877 1.010392553
k 0.7757 btu/f2.jam.F
Di (inside diameter of reactor) 9.0000 f
L (diameter of agitator) 3.0000 f
N (agitator windlass) 3360.0000 rev/jam
(solution density) 0.8375 kg/L

837.5201 kg/m3
52.2847 lbm/f3
Cp mixture 1.0119 btu/lbm .F
Cp 0.9979 btu/lbm .F
(viscosity of solution) 0.3314 cP
0.8019 lbm/f.jam
w (viscosity of water) 1.7032 lbm/f.jam
hc 1072.1447 btu/jam.f2. F
inside of coil
Re 401649.9831
from fig.24 page 834 kern

jh 800.0000
= ( . )/ ( (. )/) ^(1/3)
( /) ^0.14
1228.3843711764 1.0103925527 0.8999085033
hi = 1116.9218172874 btu/Jm.f2.F
Dcoil = 0.5 Di reactor - height of blade + 0.5 Da impeller

1.6459 m
5.4000 f
hio = hi + (1+ (3.5 Di reactor/Dcoil) )

1123.7552 btu/Jm.f2.F
OVER ALL HEAT TRANSFER (Ud)

hio. Hi 1255146.6450 btu/Jm.f2.F
hio+hi 2240.6770 btu/Jm.f2.F
Uc 560.1640 btu/Jm.f2.F
Rd liquid organic materials 0.0010 (kern p.845)

Rd refrigerating liquid 0.0010
Rd total 0.0020
Ud 264.1874 btu/jam f2. F
HEAT TRANSFER AREA
Q = Ud. A. T LMTD
Ao 105.8069 f2
9.8295 m2
heat transfer area per coil

A' = At' . Phi. Dcoil
A' 29.4017 f2
2.7314 m2
coil windlass (Nt = Ao/ A' )

Nt 3.5987
4.0000 windlass
total length of caoil

L= Ao/At'
L 61.0189 f
18.5986 m
minimum height of coil without space between

Hmin = Nt. OD coil
Hmin 2.2075 f
0.6728 m
height of coil with SPACE (pt) 1.0000 in between

0.0833 f
H=Hmin+ (Nt-1) .pt

H 2.4574 f
0.7490 m
it's mean coil immerse/submerged/submersib
height of liquid at shell 2.1301 m
Water-out
Water-out
Do
DJi
Di
Do
Dji
assume
1) T liquid = T outside-wall
2) heat transfer occur along the shell
cold fluid mass ( kebutuhan air pendingin) = H rx/ (Cp air@37C*(t1 temperatur out air - t2 tem
56029.0801 kg
V cold fluid = m /
55.1239 m3
Hshell total = Hshell+ 2. Sf

113.0000 in
2.8702 m
V cold fluid = Vreaktor+jaket - Vreaktor

55.1239 (1/4 . Phi . Dji^2 . Hshell total) - (1/4 . Phi . Do^2 . Hshell total)
55.1239 2.253107 Dji^2 - 17.19126288
72.3152 2.253107 Dji^2
Dji^2 = 32.0957487881
Dji = 5.6653110054 m
223.0432942833 in
Jaket thckness = Dji - Do 2.9031 m

114.2935117829 in
Jacket wall thickness
Pressure design = working pressure x 120% = 1
17.63514001

r inside 111.5216 in

f. E - 0.6 P
base on standard of thickness of plate, then the thickness is 0.3125
input and output pipe size
Diopt = 3,9qf0,45 f0,13

qf : kecepatan volume fluida [ft3/s]
Diopt 5.0723 in
base on table 11 page 844 kern the we use
Inside Diameter 6.0650 in
Outside Diameter 6.6250 in
18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb)
2 jam
7.6420317159 m3/jam 7642.0317159472 L/jam
15284.0634318943 L 1 m3 = 264.17205
15.2840634319 m3
4037.6223691336 gallon
18340.8761182731 L
18.3408761183 m3
4845.1468429603 gallon
1
1
1m= 39.37007874
3.280839895
D^3
m OD standar pada brownell hal 90 dan diambil D standar :

f
in
m
f
in
atm 14.69595001 Psi

C 372.15 K
atm
Psia
it has working range betwwen 15 psig-20 psig (page 88 brownell and young)
47 (18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb)

0.1875 3/16 "
0.2500 1/4 "
0.3125 5/16 "
0.3750 3/8 " yang tersedia ini di table hal 90 uat 108
in 0.4375 7/16 "
0.5000 1/2 "
arized to 108 in), we got
3 in
102 in
0.375 in
hickness is between 1,5-3 inches then we choose Sf =
in
m
dinal section
47 (18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb) dengan design tekanan >20% dari tekanan operasi
atm
Psia

0.375 in
K
KPa
B C D Visc (cP) xi/visc

2440.8 0.034383 -0.000027677 0.3977734695 0.0205114214
1325.6 0.0062223 -5.5062E-06 0.522455032 0.3270066858
3496.2 0.03308 -0.000017018 4.4045591674 0.0032597081
1168.9 0.013471 -0.000012339 0.3269436885 1.2242442382
1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631 0.2816355667 1.4429225432
5.9333669241 3.0179445967
we use strandard from Rase p.342
9.0000 f Da/Dt
3.0000 f 36 in H/Dt
3.0000 f J/Dt
0.7500 f E/Dt
0.6000 f W/Da
0.7500 f L/Da
kg/m3
d impeller speed at, N = 56 rpm
0.9333 rps
ntuk rentang N Re antara 550 - 10^7)
1 hp = 0.7457 kW
hp + 0.5 hp ( Rase, hal. 349 )
5 hp
303.15 K 86 F dt =
317.15 K 111.2 F
98.6 F
372.15 K 210.2 F
372.15 K 210.2 F
kcal/K kg 0.997898588 btu/lb.F (www.vaxasofware.com)

lb/f3 (yaws,1999)
lb/f.jam 0.7725 kg/f.jam (yaws,1999)
kg/jam
m3/detik
f3/detik
K 210.2000 F
K 210.2000 F
K 86.0000 F
K 111.2000 F
in T1 T2 out
----> ---->
reactan (99 C) reactan (99 C)
outt1 t2 in
<---- <----
water 44 C) water (30 C)
1
At Dt H Dt 2
4
n < A tersedia maka di pakai jaket pendingin
Diopt = 3,9qf0,45 f0,13

mcgrawhill p.496
f
f
f2
1.0000
k kg/jam mass fraction(x) x.k

0.1370735713 403.633249378 0.0641860518 0.0087982113
0.1387996972 1449.9597604585 0.2305736517 0.032003553
0.1190289371 3774.1271344895 0.6001644315 0.0714369344
3.303651119 539.9301827608 0.0858600889 0.2836517787
2.7236384378 120.8381874828 0.0192157761 0.0523368265
6288.4885145695 0.4482273039 W/m.K
0.7757469949 btu/f2.jam.F
^(2/3) ( (.
0.8999085033
Components Cp (kJ/kmol.K) mol fraction of input x. Cp Mr

C2H3COOH 162.6160 0.0653 10.6141 72.0640
C4H9OH 650.3521 0.2280 148.2533 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 149.1675 0.3431 51.1863 128.1710
H2O 284.3957 0.3493 99.3298 18.0150
H2SO4 75.5163 0.0144 1.0842 98.0790
TOTAL 1.0000 310.4678
Cp mixture 310.4678 kJ/kmol.K

4.2366 kJ/kg.K
1.0119 BTU/lb F
mean coil immerse/submerged/submersible in liquid
Water-out
Water-out
tj
Di
Do
Dji
Cp air@37C*(t1 temperatur out air - t2 temperatur in air))
/4 . Phi . Do^2 . Hshell total)

47 (18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb) dengan design tekanan >20% dari tekanan operasi
atm
Psia

in
il,1991,Hal 496
gallon
in
f
108 in
2.7432 m
9f
edia ini di table hal 90 uat 108 in diameter
2.5 in
1/ 3 Da = diameter pengaduk
1 Dt = diameter dalam reaktor
1/12 E = jarak pengaduk dari dasar reaktor
1/3 H = tinggi cairan dalam reaktor
1/ 5 W = tinggi impeller
1/4 L = lebar impeller ( walas hal. 287 )
J= lebar baffle
25.2 f
W/m. K = 1.7307 btu/f.jam.F
T= 372.15
Komponen A B C D
Asam Akril -18.242 1.2106 -0.00312 3.14E-06
N-Butanol 83.877 0.56628 0.001721 2.28E-06
Asam Sulfa 26.004 0.70337 -0.00139 1.03E-06
N-Butil Akr 101.239 1.1519 -0.00324 3.95E-06
BM mix Air 92.053 -0.03995 -0.00021 5.35E-07
4.7037
16.8970
43.9814
6.2920
1.4082
73.2823
dimensi reaktor
waktu tinggal (t) 2

liquid flow rate Fv 7.6420317159
liquid volume VL 15284.063432

15.284063432
4037.6223691
VR 18340.876118
18.340876118
4845.146843
asumsi comparison = Tinggi (H) = 1
Diameter (D) 1

= /4 ^3 H + 2 ( /24 ^3)
VR = 0.785 D^3 + 0.26166667 D^3

18.3408761183 = 1.0466666667 D^3
D^3 = 17.5231300493 m3
D= 2.5973903821 m
jadi, diameter inside of shell D = 2.59739038 m
8.52162199 f
102.259464 in
dan H = 2.59739038 m
8.52162199 f
102.259464 in
working pressure = 1 atm

working temperature = 99 C
head thickness

pressure design = 1.2000 atm
17.6351 Psia
f (allowable stress) 17000 psia (Brownell, Appendix D, hal. 342)
c (corrosion factor) 0.1250 in (Brownell, hal. 344)
E (joint efficiency) 0.8000 (Brownell, tabel 13.2, hal. 254)

thickness = P.D +C
2.f.E - 0,2 . P
then we followed standard of thickness (t head) = 0.3750 in
Height of Head
IDs = 108.0000 in
2.7432 m

108.7500 in
2.7623 m

thickness =
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)1/2
a= ID shell / 2
a= 54.0000 in
AB = a - icr
AB = 51.0000 in
BC = r - icr
BC = 99.0000 in
b= 17.1472 in
20.0222 in
0.50856353 m
A=
/4
^2
A= 5.9072397984 m2
V Head= ( /24
^3)
12.5833 m3

2.1301 m
Height of Reactor

hR = 3.7603270619 m
148.0443725152 in
Shell Thickness
Pressure design = working pressure x 120% = 1.2 atm

17.63514 Psia

r inside 54.0000 in

f. E - 0.6 P
base on standard of thickness of plate, then the thickness = 0.375

T operasi 99 C 372.15 K
P operasi 1 atm 101.325 KPa
Komponen output (kmol/jam) Fraksi mol (xi) A B

Asam Akrilat 0.7001298314 0.0081588993 -15.9215 2440.8
N-Butanol 14.6606275514 0.1708462885 -5.397 1325.6
Asam Sulfat 1.2320495466 0.0143575772 -18.7045 3496.2
N-Butil Akrilat 34.3469390023 0.4002589268 -6.9308 1168.9
Air 34.8720541301 0.4063783082 -10.2158 1792.5
Total 85.8118000618 1
camp = 0.3313513446 cP
0.0002226582 lbm/ft.s
0.8018702539 lbm/ft.jam
dari hasil viskositas, dipilih pengaduk 6 flat turbine impeller dgn 4 baffle we use strandard from Rase p.342
Dt (Diameter of reactor) 2.7432 m 9.0000

Da (impeller diameter) 0.9144 m 3.0000
E (stir distance from bottom of reactor) 0.9144 m 3.0000
L (width of blade) 0.2286 m 0.7500
W (height of blade) 0.18288 m 0.6000
J (width of baffle) 0.2286 m 0.7500
mixture 0.8375 kg/L 0.0008 kg/m3

52.2846 lbm/f3
water 1.0000 kg/L

62.4279 lbm/f3
mixture 0.3314 cP
2.2266E-04 lbm/f.s
ID reactor 9.0000 f
N = 500/ phi. Da
N= 53.0786 rpm
Power Number
N Re = N Da2

N Re = 1972489.23305104
Agitation Power
P= 3.2033367667 hP 1 hp =

P= 3.2033367667 hp + 0.32033368 hp +
P= 4.0236704433 hp
3.0004510496 kW
dipilih motor pengaduk (standar berdasarkan Rase hal 358) dengan daya = 5
jam
m3/jam 7642.031716 L/jam
L 1 m3 = 264.17205 gallon
m3
gallon
L
m3
gallon
1m= 39.37007874 in
3.280839895 f
OD standar pada brownell hal 90 dan diambil D standar : 108

2.7432
9
14.69595001 Psi
372.15 K
working range betwwen 15 psig-20 psig (page 88 brownell and young)

ownell, Appendix D, hal. 342)
ownell, hal. 344)
ownell, tabel 13.2, hal. 254)

0.1875 3/16 "
0.2500 1/4 "
0.3125 5/16 "
0.3750 3/8 " yang tersedia ini di table hal 90 uat 108 in diameter
0.4375 7/16 "
0.5000 1/2 "
d to 108 in), we got
3 in
102 in
0.375 in
s is between 1,5-3 inches then we choose Sf = 2.5

r-8 Ni-Cb) dengan design tekanan >20% dari tekanan operasi
ownell, Appendix D, hal. 342)

ownell, hal. 344)
ownell, tabel 13.2, hal. 254)
in
C D Visc (cP) xi/visc

0.034383 -0.000027677 0.39777347 0.0205114214
0.0062223 -5.5062E-06 0.522455032 0.3270066858
0.03308 -0.000017018 4.404559167 0.0032597081
0.013471 -0.000012339 0.326943688 1.2242442382 viskositas air pada 37 C
0.01773 -0.000012631 0.281635567 1.4429225432 0.7040556429
5.933366924 3.0179445967
use strandard from Rase p.342
f Da/Dt 1/ 3 Da = diameter pengaduk

f 36 in H/Dt 1 Dt = diameter dalam reaktor
f J/Dt 1/12 E = jarak pengaduk dari dasar reaktor
f E/Dt 1/3 H = tinggi cairan dalam reaktor
f W/Da 1/ 5 W = tinggi impeller
f L/Da 1/4 L = lebar impeller
J= lebar baffle
ler speed at, N = 56 rpm
0.9333 rps
Re antara 550 - 10^7)
0.7457 kW
0.5 hp ( Rase, hal. 349 )
hp
in
m
f
in
diameter pengaduk
diameter dalam reaktor
jarak pengaduk dari dasar reaktor
tinggi cairan dalam reaktor
tinggi impeller
lebar impeller ( walas hal. 287 )
lebar baffle
kondisi operasi
Temperatur 99 C 372.15
Tekanan 1 atm
input
Komponen kmol/jam kg/jam mass fraction (f) (kg/L) 99 oC
Asam Akrilat 0.7001 50.4542 0.0080 0.9588
N-Butanol 14.6606 1086.6897 0.1728 0.7405
Asam Sulfat 1.2320 120.8382 0.0192 1.7404
Air 34.8721 628.2201 0.0999 0.9566
N-Butil Akrilat 34.3469 4402.2815 0.7001 0.8159
Total 85.8118 6288.4836 1.0000
input = 0.8358 kg/L

52.1788 lbm/f3
835.8232 kg/m3
Q input = 7523.7004 L/jam

0.0021 m3/detik
0.0738 f3/detik
light produk
upper produk
komponen kmol/jam kg/jam mass fraction (f) (kg/L) 99 oC
N-Butil Akrilat 34.3469 4402.2815 0.8068 0.8159
N-butanol 14.2199 1054.0223 0.1932 0.7405
Total 48.5668 5456.3038 1.0000
L = 0.8013 kg/L
50.0245 lbm/f3
801.3156 kg/m3
QL= 6809.1816 L/jam

0.0019 m3/detik
0.0668 f3/detik
L= 0.3647 cP
0.0004 kg/m.detik
Heavy Produk
bottom produk
komponen kmol/jam kg/jam mass fraction (f) (kg/L) 99 oC
N-Butanol 0.4407 32.6674 0.0393 0.7405
Asam Akrilat 0.7001 50.4542 0.0606 0.9588
Asam Sulfat 1.2320 120.8382 0.1452 1.7404
Air 34.8721 628.2201 0.7549 0.9566
Total 37.2450 832.1798 1.0000
H = 1.0621 kg/L
66.3033 lbm/f3
1062.0771 kg/m3
QH= 783.5400 L/jam

0.0002 m3/detik
0.0077 f3/detik
H= 0.8968 cP
0.0009 kg/m.detik
Determining dispersed phase
= (QL / QH) (L H/H L) 0.3

= 8.6903 1.2037
= 10.4605 the heavy phase dispersed
: Parameter dispersi
< 0,3 Fase ringan terdispersi
0,3-0,5 Fase ringan mungkinterdis
0,5=2,0 phase inversion probable
2,0-3,3
>3
Handbook of separation process technology, Roussea
Terminal Velocity of granular dispersed
dp 150.0000 micrometer Handbook of separation technology, Roseau halaman

0.0002 m
c ( L) 0.3647 cP
0.0004 kg/m.det
g (gravity) 9.8100 m/s2 coulson, hal 440
D (H) 1062.0771 kg/m3
C (L) 801.3156 kg/m3
Ud = g dp2 ( D - C)
18. c
Ud = 0.00000022 39721.0973
Ud = 8.7674E-03 m/det (droplet velocity)
Nre = Ud .dp . rho heavy phase/miu light phase

Nre = 3.8298
Nre =<10 maka aliran bergarak secara laminer sehingga dapat terjadi pemisahan anta
(handbook of separation technology by ronald w.rousseau p.152)
Interface Area
the separation purpose is not allowing heavy phase granular brought out of decanter accidentally in continuous pha
(coulson 1983 p.440)
Uc = Qc / Ai Ai = interface area
Uc = velocity of continuous phase (m/det)
Ai = Qc/Ud
Qc 6809.1816 L/jam
6.8092 m3/jam
0.0019 m3/det
Ai 0.2157 m2
Dekanter Size
comparison for vertical decanter (Coulson 1999 p.441)
in this case we use vertical decanter. Vertical area of decanter is equal with interface area, so
Ai = ID2 / 4
ID^2 = 0.2748 m2
ID = 0.5242 m
H/D = 2.0000 (asumsi, bisa beraa aja yang penting ga pecahan)

H 1.0485 m
Dekanter Volume
V dec = V shell + 2 Vhead
we use torispherical head

V head= phi.(D2/4)(D/6)
2 Vhead = phi D3/12

0.0377 m3
Vshell= phi/4 (D2 H)

0.2262 m3
Vdec = 0.2639 m3
Resident time in dekanter
t = Vdek/ (Qd + Qc)

t= 125.1199 detik
2.0853 menit (coulson p.442 resisdent time antara 2-5 menit norm
0.0347555337 jam
Liquid volume in decanter

Fv INPUT = feed mass/ mixture feed density
Fv 7523.7004 L/jam
7.5237 m3/jam
VL = Fv . T
VL = 0.2615 m3
then decanter volume is 20% overdesign of liquid volume

Vdec 0.3138 m3 1
82.8941 gallon
Diameter dan Tinggi Dekanter
V dec = V shell + 2 Vhead
we use torispherical head H/D= 2/1

V head= phi.(D /4)(D/6)
2
H=2.D
2 Vhead = phi D3/12
Vshell= phi/4 (D2 H)
V dec = ((phi/4)*D^2*H) + (phi/12)*D^3

Vdec = 1.57 D^3 + 0.2616666667 D^3
Vdec = 1.8316666667 D^3
0.1713 = D^3
D= 0.5554 m 1m= 39.37007874
21.8657 in
H= 1.1108 m 3.64436 f
43.7314 in
V shell = 0.2690 m3
V bottom head = 0.0224 m3
Ai= (phi/4) D2
Ai = 0.2421381179 m2
Shell thickness of dekanter

17.635140012 Psia

r inside 0.2777 m
10.9328412133 in

f. E - 0.6 P
Head Thickness of decanter

17.635140012 Psia

D inside diameter 0.5554 m
21.8656824265 in
thickness = P.D +C
2.f.E - 0,2 . P
0.1392 in
Head thickness standard = 0.1875 in
Height of head
ID shell 0.5554 m
21.8657 in
OD shell = ID shell + 2. shell thickness

22.2407 in
0.9304 m
base on brownell table 5.7 p.89 dengan OD 22,2407 in dipakai standard OD =

r (radius of dish) 24.0000 in
icr (inside corner radius) 1.5000 in
a= ID shell / 2
a= 10.9328 in
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)1/2
AB = a - icr
AB = 9.4328 in
BC = r - icr
BC = 22.5000 in
b= 3.5728 in
base on table 5.6 (brownell page 88) standard Straight Flange for 3/16 in thickness is between 1.5 - 2 inches then we
sf = 2 in
thus, height of head (OA)= thickness of head + b + SF
OA = 5.7603 in 1m=
0.1463 m
The velocity of Continuous Phase
Uc = QL/Ai
Uc 0.0088 m/det SETTLING TIME
Heavy Phase Volume
VB = QH t
VB 0.0272 m3
heavy phase volume at shell

VB shell = VB - Vhead
VB shell 0.0048 m3
height of heavy phase at shell

H B shell = VB shell
Ai
H B shell 0.0199 m
0.7835 in
Total Height of Decanter
H decanter total = Hshell + 2 H head

H decanter total = 1.4034 m
55.2519 in
Height of Heavy phase
HB =Hbshell + b + Sf
HB 6.3563 in
0.1614 m
Light pase volume
light phase volume at decanter

VA = QVA . t
0.2367 m3
height of light phase

HA = VA /Ai
0.9774 m
38.4788 in
Height of liquid in decanter

Hliquid= HA + HB
1.1388 m
44.8351 in
Height of interface (Hinterface) = height of inlet = height of heavy phase =
Coulson p. 438 :
Decanter space from the ground = 1.0000 m

39.3701 in
Light phase outlet pipe

Z1 = 90% of (space+total height of liquid)
Z1 = 1.9249 m
Z3 = space+Hinterface
Z3 = 1.1614 m
Z2 = (Z1-Z3) rhoHeavy + Z3
rhoLight
Z2 = 2.1734 m
Resident time droplet
resident time at dispersion band

tdf = dispersion band/Ud base on coulson p.440. dispersion band thickness is 10% of height of decanter
dispersion band = Hdec total x 0,1

0.140339866 m
tdf 16.0069 detik
size of inlet pipe
ID = 3.9 (Qf^0.45) (^0.13) timmerhaus 1991 p.496
ID = inside diameter of pipe (in)

Qf = feed flow rate (f3/det)
=feed density (lb/f3)
ID 2.0183 in
standard size from kern page 844. Table 11 Dimensions of steel Pipe (IPS)
ID 2.0670 in
OD 2.3800 in
A 3.3500 in2
NPS (nominal pipe size) 2.0000 in
Schedule no 40.0000
size of outlet pipe for light phase

ID 1.9191 in
ID 2.0670 in
OD 2.3800 in
A 3.3500 in2
NPS 2.0000 in
Schedule no 40.0000
size of outlet pipe for heavy phase

ID 0.7524 in
ID 0.8240 in
OD 1.0500 in
A 0.5340 in2
NPS 0.7500 in
Schedule no 40.0000
18-Cr-8 Ni-Cb)
.f (cP)at 99oC . f
0.0077 0.3978 0.0032
0.1280 0.5225 0.0903
0.0334 4.4046 0.0846
0.0956 0.2816 0.0281
0.5712 0.3269 0.2289
0.8358 0.4351
.f (cP)at 99 oC . f
0.6583 0.3269 0.2638
0.1431 0.5225 0.1009
0.8013 0.8494 0.3647
.f (cP)at 99 oC . f
0.0291 0.5225 0.0205
0.0581 0.3978 0.0241
0.2527 4.4046 0.6396
0.7222 0.2816 0.2126
1.0621 0.8968
meter dispersi
ase ringan terdispersi
Fase ringan mungkinterdispersi
phase inversion probable
fase beratmungkin terdispersi
fase berat terdispersi
rocess technology, Rousseau halaman 150
echnology, Roseau halaman 150

pat terjadi pemisahan antara fase ringan dan fase berat
dentally in continuous phase, so we are setting up the velocity of continuous phase (Uc) lower than Ud
me antara 2-5 menit normal direkomendasikan)
m3 = 264.17205 gallon US fluid
in
) dengan design tekanan >20% dari tekanan operasi
1 atm = 14.69595001 Psi
ell, Appendix D, hal. 342)
ell, tabel 13.2, hal. 254)

0.1875 3/16 "
0.2500 1/4 "
0.3125 5/16 "
0.3750 3/8 "
in 0.4375 7/16 "
0.5000 1/2 "
) dengan design tekanan >20% dari tekanan operasi
1 atm = 14.69595001 Psi
ange betwwen 15 psig-20 psig (page 88 brownell and young)
ell, Appendix D, hal. 342)
ell, tabel 13.2, hal. 254)

24 dengan head 3/16 r dan icr :
ween 1.5 - 2 inches then we choose
39.37007874 in
89.8075 detik
0.1614 m
f height of decanter
menghitung konstanta underwood, menghitung perbandingan refluks minimal ada di NE
feed temperatur 134.4637748881

tekanan operasi 1
MINIMUM PLATE AMOUNT
xlk xhk
Log[( )D ( )B ]
N min xhk xlk
log(av)
x lk 344.1041
x hk Distillate
N min 11.6049
REFLUX MINIMUM
manda:
feed is SATURATED LIQUID (kondisi cair j
q 1.0000
1-q 0.0000
1.7393
Component fraksi mol (xi) feed

.x
1 q F C4H9OH 0.2928
C2H3COOC4H9 0.7072
TOTAL 1.0000
5
Di x Di
R min 1 1 Di
Component xd d = Kd/Khk
C4H9OH 0.9971 2.3815
C2H3COOC4H9 0.0029 1.0000
TOTAL
R min + 1 = 3.6940
R min = 2.6940
dipilih refluks operasi = 1.2

optimum refluks (R) = 3.2327749198
Ideal Plate Amount
0.127291394
Rop R min

Rop 1
Diperoleh dengan korelasi Gilliand

grafik diperoleh dari ludwig E.E Applied process design for chemical and petrochemical plant, 1994 ed 3 vol 2 halam
(N-Nmin)/(N+1) = 0.5
N- 11.6049 =
0.5 N = 12.1049
N= 24.2098241648
N ideal = 24.2098241648
EFFICIENCY OF PLATE
Didekati dengan cara O'Connell

Henley dan Seader (1981), halaman 510 tentang hubungan antara viskositas, komponen penyusun dan effisiensi pla
f = Volatilitas relatif dalam umpan

f = Viskositas rerata dalam umpan
T feed 134.4638
407.6138
Component (feed) x A
C4H9OH 0.2928 -5.3970
C2H3COOC4H9 0.7072 -6.9308
TOTAL
from the figure we have an efficiency about

0.6000
ACTUAL PLATE AMOUNT

N actual = N ideal / Ef
N actual = 40.3497
41.0000 plates
PLATE FOR ENTERING THE FEED
Dihitung dengan persamaan Kirk Bridge

Towler, G., Ray Sinnot, Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, San Diego, (2008), halaman 676
dengan hubungan:
B: Kecepatan mol residu (kmol/jam)
D: Kecepatan mol distilat (kmol/jam)
Nr: Jumlah plate pada rectifying (top plate)
Ns: Jumlah plate pada stripping (bottom plate)
Indeks:
b: Residu(Bottom)
d: Distilat
f: Umpan
hk: Komponen kunci berat
lk: Komponen kunci ringan
log (Nr/Ns) = 0.3550

Nr/Ns = 2.2649
Nr = 2.2649 Ns
Nr + Ns
2.2649 Ns + Ns
3.2649 Ns
Ns
Ns
then distillation column has :

Ns 13.0000
Nr 28.0000
Reboiler
so the feed is entering column by plate 13rd from bottom
Diameter and height of Column
a. Upper diameter
Condition
T 118.0989 C
391.2489 K
P 1.0000 atm
Neraca massa:
V1 = Lo + D
V2 = L1 + D
V3 = L2 + D
Vn = Ln-1 + D
Vn + 1 = Ln + D
Neraca komponen pada puncak menara

V y 1,l = L x0,l + D xdi
D: Kecepatan mol distilat, kmol/jam

V: Kecepatan mol uap, kmol/jam
xo: Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen pada airan refluks
xd: Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen pada distilat
V = Lo + D
Lo/D = Rop
V = Rop .D + D
V = (Rop+1)D
V= 59.0991 kmol/jam
mol fraction of vapor = mol fraction distillate , it cause using of "kondensor total"
so vapor composition can be calculated by Vi = yi. V
V: Kecepatan mol uap(fase gas) total (kmol/jam)
Vi: Kecepatan mol masing-masing komponen uap (kmol/jam)
yi: Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen
V= 59.0991 kmol/jam
vapor composition
Component yi Vi (kmol/jam)
C4H9OH 0.9971 58.9279
C2H3COOC4H9 0.0029 0.1713
TOTAL 1.0000 59.0991
VAPOR PHASE CONSIDERATION
Pressure 1.0000 atm

Temperature 118.0989 C
391.2489 K
Mass mixture molecule
Mwv = total mass vapor = 74.2796
total mol vapor
Density of Vapor
its value is calculated by ideal gas equation
v = Mwv . Pt
Rg . T
Dengan hubungan:
pg: Rapat massa fase uap (kg/m3)
Mwv: Massa molekul uap (kg/kmol)
Pt: Tekanan total (atm)
v= 2.3012
LIQUID PHASE CONSIDERATION

it is calculated by equation below
Li = Vi - Di
Li = rate of each component (kmol/jam)
Component kmol/jam BM
C4H9OH 45.0061 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 0.1308 128.1710
TOTAL 45.1369
Component A B
C4H9OH 0.2689 0.2667
C2H3COOC4H9 0.2995 0.2584
Density of liquid phase

Component kg/jam liquid (kg/m3)
C4H9OH 3335.9854 721.5786
C2H3COOC4H9 16.7637 794.1817
TOTAL 3352.7492
liquid = total mass rate/ total volume rate

liquid = 721.9086 kg/m3
Surface tension
T 391.2489 K
Component A Tc
C4H9OH 64.5260 562.9300
C2H3COOC4H9 62.5960 598.0000
Component kg/jam mass fraction (x)

C4H9OH 3335.9854 0.9950
C2H3COOC4H9 16.7637 0.0050
TOTAL 3352.7492 1.0000
V 4389.8610 kg/jam
L 3352.7492 kg/jam
vapor 2.3012 kg/m3
liquid 721.9086 kg/m3
(liquid-vapor factor)Flv 0.0431211634
we choose plate spacing 0.2500 m

we have given K1 value by figure (ebook Towler)
K1 0.0520
l g 0.5
Uf K 1 ( ) ( ) 0.2
g 20 dyne / cm
(flooding velocity) Uf 0.8695 m/s
Usually vapor velocity 80-85% of flooding velocity

Uv = 0.8000 Uf
Uv 0.6956 m/s
(Liquid flow rate) QL 0.0013 m3/detik

(Vapor flow rate) Qv 0.5299 m3/detik
Sieve tray (plate dimension)

Anet = 0.7618
we choose donwcomer type, vetical apron

Adowncomer = 12% Acolumn
Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
0.8800 Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
0.8800
Acolumn= 0.8656
Adowncomer = 0.1039
Dcolumn = 1.0501
Aactive = Ac-2 Ad
Aactive = 0.6579
Ahole= 8%
Ahole= 0.0526
weir length
Ad/Ac = 0.1200
by the figure we have given

lw/Dc = 0.7600
lw = 0.7600 Dc
(wier length) lw = 0.7981 m
then we choose (from coulson p.571)

(weir height) hw = 40 mm
0.0400 m
coulson p.573
(hole diameter) dh = 3.5 mm
checking weeping
max liquid mass rate (Lmax) = 0.9313 kg/detik
min liquid mass rate (Lmin) = 90% Lmax

0.8382 kg/detik
liquid height at weir

at max liquid mass rate, how= 10.3302 mm liquid
at min liquid mass rate, how= 9.6295 mm liquid
at minimum mass rate

hw+how = 49.6295 mm
we have given K2 value by the figure 30
Uh (min)= 6.7832 m/s
Minimum actual vapor velocity

Uv 9.0612 m/s
so from aboe calculation Uv > Uh , this means no weeping
Manda :
make sure no weeping
max vapor velocity through the holes
Uh (max) = 10.0680 m/s
plate thickness=hole diameter = 3.5 mm
plate thickness/dh = 1.0000
Ah/Ap = Ah/Aa = 8.0000
by the fig, we have given Co value

Co 0.8350
then we calculate dry plate drop
hd 23.6357 mm liquid
then we calculate residual head
hr 17.3152 mm liquid
Total pressure drop at plate
ht 90.5803 mm liquid
Pt 641.4830 Pa
0.0063 atm
pressure loss at downcomer

hap = hw-(5 till 10 mm)
we take 5.0000 mm
hap 35.0000 mm
0.0350 m
area below the apron
Aap 0.0279 m
Adowncomer 0.1039 m
Aap < Ad, thus Am=Aap
Am 0.0279 m
hdc 0.3541 mm
backup downcomer
hb 140.5639 mm
0.1406 m
hb must be little than 1/2(plate spacing+hw)
1/2(plate spacing+hw) 0.1450 m
hb < 1/2(plate spacing+hw) , so it's acceptable
checking residence time
tr 11.3182 detik
if t > 3 second, the design is compatible
%flooding 80%
Flv = 0.0431
by the figure
7
trial layout
Unperforated strip 50.0000 mm

calming zone 50.0000 mm
lw/Dc 0.7600
from the figure, we have given value

c 100.0000
lh/Dc 0.1800
angle remains 80.0000
Mean length unperforated strip 1.40 m

Unperforated strip area 0.0698 m2
Mean length calming zones 1.1001 m
calming zone area 0.0550 m
Aperforated = Aa - Unperforated strip area - calming zone area

Ap 0.9253 m2
Ah/Ap 0.0569
by fig.11.35
lp/dh 3.6000
holes amount
hole diameter (dh) 3.5000 mm

0.0035 m
hole area 9.6163E-06 m2
holes amount = Ah/ hole area = 5473.1197

hole amount = 5474.0000
b.Bottom diameter
Outlet of reboiler (B)
P 1.0000
T 420.1205
C4H9OH 0.2981 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 34.3065 128.1710
TOTAL 34.6046
inlet liquid of reboiler (LR)
LR= F + Lo
93.7037 kmol/jam
oulet vapor of rebloiler

V= LR- B
59.0991 kmol/jam
Vapor composition as outlet the reboiler
mol rate (Vo) = mol rate (V1), because it has contant flow
Vo = 59.0991 kmol/jam
Component yi Vi = yi. Vo (kmol/jam)

C4H9OH 0.0086 0.5091
C2H3COOC4H9 0.9914 58.5900
TOTAL 59.0991
Liquid composition as inlet the reboiler
Komposisi fase cair masuk reboiler

Dihitung dengan neraca massa, Li = Vi + Bi
Bi: kecepatan massa residu reboiler (kmol/jam)
Li: kecepatan massa fase cair masuk reboiler (kmol/jam)
Vi: kecepatan massa fase uap keluar reboiler (kmol/jam)
C4H9OH 0.8072 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 92.8965 128.1710
TOTAL 93.7037
Temperature at entering reboiler
T 146.9705 C
420.1205 K
P 1.0000 atm
Component mol fraction (x) P uap (mmHg)

C4H9OH 0.0086 1938.7338
C2H3COOC4H9 0.9914 749.6774
TOTAL 1.0000
P 1.0000 atm
T bottom operation 420.1205 K
146.9705 C
mass mixture molecule

total mol vapor 59.0991
Rapat massa uap

Didekati dengan persamaan gas ideal Dengan hubungan:
p g:
Mwv:
Pt:
Rg:
T:
v 3.6845 kg/m3
Component A B
C4H9OH 0.2689 0.2667
C2H3COOC4H9 0.2995 0.2584
Density of liquid
Component kg/jam (kg/m3)
C4H9OH 59.8324 690.7525
C2H3COOC4H9 11906.6389 759.8348
TOTAL 11966.4713
l = 759.4550 kg/m3
Surface tension
T 420.1205 K
Component A Tc
C4H9OH 64.5260 562.9300
C2H3COOC4H9 62.5960 598.0000

C4H9OH 59.8324 0.0050
C2H3COOC4H9 11906.6389 0.9950
TOTAL 11966.4713 1.0000
V 7547.2793 kg/jam
L 11966.4713 kg/jam
vapor 3.6845 kg/m3
liquid-vapor factor
Flv 0.1104

we have given K1 value by figure
K1 0.0400
l g 0.5
Uf K 1 ( ) ( ) 0.2
g 20 dyne / cm

Uv = 0.8000 Uf
Uv 0.4227 m/s

Anet = 1.3460

Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
0.8800
Acolumn= 1.5295
Adowncomer = 0.1835
Dcolumn = 1.3959
Aactive = Ac-2 Ad
Aactive = 1.1624
Ahole= 8%
Ahole= 0.0930
weir length
Ad/Ac = 0.1200

lw/Dc = 0.7600
lw = 0.7600 Dc

0.0400 m

checking weeping
max liquid mass rate Lmax = 3.3240 kg/detik
min liquid mass rate Lmin = 90% Lmax

2.9916 kg/detik

hw+how = 57.9844 mm
Uh (min)= 5.3607 m/s

Uv 5.5068 m/s

Uh (max) = 6.1186 m/s
Ah/Ap = Ah/Aa = 8.0000

Co 0.8350
Pt 653.6056 Pa
0.0065 atm
holes amount

0.0035 m
holes amount = Ah/ hole area 9670.4314

hole amount 9671.0000
CONCLUSION
the diameter
D top 1.0501 m
41.3428 in
3.4452 f
D bottom 1.3959 m
54.9548 in
4.5796 f
then we use standar diameter (for top 6.0000 f

and bottom) van winkle p.574 72.0000 in
1.8288 m
the height
empty side above the first plate = 0.5000 m

empty side above the last plate = 0.5000 m
Total column height 11.0000 m

36.0892 f
shell thickness
Pressure design = working pressure x 120% =

E (joint efficiency) 0.8000 (double-welded butt joint brownell table 13.2 pag
r inside 0.9144 m
36.0000 in

f. E - 0.6 P
Head thickness

D (inside diameter) 1.8288 m
72.0000 in

thickness = P . D +C
2.f. E - 0.2 P
head height
IDs = 72.0000 in
1.8288 m

72.3435 in
1.8375 m
base on table 5.7 (brownell page 90) for OD 72 inches
a= ID shell / 2
a= 36.0000
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)1/2 AB = a - icr

AB = 31.6250
BC = r - icr
BC = 67.6250
b= 12.2254
base on table 5.6 (brownell page 88) standard Straight Flange for 3/16 in thickness is between 1.5 - 2.5 inches then w

14.3971 in
0.3657 m
TOTAL HEIGHT OF COLUMN

11.7314 m
inlet and outlet nozzle
Diopt = 2.2 (G/1000)0,45 f(-0.31)

qf : kecepatan massa fluida [lb/jam]
feed pipe
G 5456.3038 kg/jam
12028.9673 lb/jam
T 407.6138
Component mol fraction A
C4H9OH 0.2928 0.2689
C2H3COOC4H9 0.7072 0.2995
TOTAL
Diopt 2.0412 in
standar pipe
TOP PART of COLUMN

vapor pipe at TOP
G 4389.8610 kg/jam
9677.8876 lb/jam
rho 2.3012 kg/m3

0.1437 lb/f3
Diopt 11.1493 in
standar pipe
reflux pipe
G 3352.7492 kg/jam
7391.4709 lb/jam
rho 721.9086 kg/m3

45.0673 lb/f3
Diopt 1.6621 in
BOTTOM PART of COLUMN

liquid outlet pipe
G 11966.4713 kg/jam
26381.2825 lb/jam
rho 759.4550 kg/m3

47.4113 lb/f3
Diopt 2.9006 in
vapor inlet pipe (to column)
G 7547.2793 kg/jam
16638.7320 lb/jam
rho 3.6845 kg/m3

0.2300 lb/f3
Diopt 12.2965 in
C
atm
feed =k lk/ k hk
top =k lk/ k hk
bottom =k lk/ k hk
avg
x hk 115.0843560556
x lk Bottom
nda:
is SATURATED LIQUID (kondisi cair jenuh)
i= Ki/Khk i .xi i - i xi/i -

2.5065 0.7339 0.7672 0.9566
1.0000 0.7072 -0.7393 -0.9566
0
d xd d - d xd/d -
2.3746 0.6421 3.6979
0.0029 -0.7393 -0.0039
3.6940
Rmin Refluks rasio operasi berkisar antara 1.2 sampai 1.3 Rmin (for water as cooling agent)
Berdasarkan Kister, H.Z., Distillation Operation, Mc Graw Hill, New York, (1991) , halaman
mical plant, 1994 ed 3 vol 2 halaman 30
Nmin = 11.6049
0.5 N + 0.5
ponen penyusun dan effisiensi plate
C
K Viskositas ----> log = A + B/T + C.T + D.T2
B C D log10
1325.6000 0.0062 0.0000 -0.5235
1168.9000 0.0135 0.0000 -0.6223
= 41.0000
= 41.0000
= 41.0000
= 12.5579
= 13.0000
Untuk aliran konstan molal:
V1 = V2 = V3 = Vn = Vn+1 = V
L0 = L1 = L2 = L3 = Ln = L
ada airan refluks

en uap (kmol/jam)
BM kg/jam mass fraction

74.1230 4367.9117 0.9950
128.1710 21.9493 0.0050
4389.8610 1.0000
kg/kmol
Rg: Konstanta gas ideal

se uap (kg/m3) 0.0825 L atm/mol K
uap (kg/kmol) 0.0825 m3 atm/kmol K
T: Suhu operasi (K)
kg/m3
kg/jam mol fraction (x) mass fraction
3335.9854 0.9971 0.9950
16.7637 0.0029 0.0050
3352.7492 1.0000 1.0000
T 391.2489 K
n Tc (gr/ml) (kg/m3)
0.2457 562.9300 0.7216 721.5786
0.3084 598.0000 0.7942 794.1817
V(m3 /jam)
4.6232
0.0211
4.6443
n (dyne/cm)
1.2222 15.1150
1.2737 16.1826
(dyne/cm) x.
15.1150 15.0394
16.1826 0.0809
15.1203
1.2194 kg/detik
0.9313 kg/detik
m2
(coulson hal 572)
+ Adowncomer
+ 0.1200 Acolum
m2
m2
m2
Aactive
m2
coulson, halaman 572

eping
lw
L1 : kecepatan massa cairan kg /jam
Vo : kecepatan massa uap kg /jam
B : kecepatan massa residu kg /jam
xi : fraksi mol pada fase cair

yi : fraksi mol pada fase uap
xb : fraksi mol masing2 komponen
pada residu
atm
K
kg/jam mol fraction

22.0960 0.0086
4397.0960 0.9914
4419.1919 1.0000
BM kg/jam
74.1230 37.7364
128.1710 7509.5429
7547.2793
kg/jam mol fraction (x)

59.8324 0.0086
11906.6389 0.9914
11966.4713 1.0000
P uap (atm) Ki = Puap/Ptotal yi=Ki. Xi
2.5510 2.5510 0.0220
0.9864 0.9864 0.9779
1.000
kg/jam = 127.7054 kg/kmol

kmol/jam
Rapat massa fase uap (kg/m3)

Massa molekul uap (kg/kmol)
Tekanan total (atm)
Konstanta gas ideal
0.0825 L atm/mol K
0.0825 m3 atm/kmol K
Suhu operasi (K)
T 420.1205 K
0.2457 562.9300 0.6908 690.7525
0.3084 598.0000 0.7598 759.8348
V (m3/jam)
0.0866
15.6700
15.7567
n (dyne/cm)
1.2222 12.0691
1.2737 13.3613
(dyne/cm) x.
12.0691 0.0603
13.3613 13.2945
13.3548
2.0965 kg/detik
3.3240 kg/detik
m2
+ Adowncomer
+ 0.1200 Acolum
m2
m2
m2
Aactive
m2
1m= 39.37007874
3.280839895
1.2 atm
17.6400 Psia

butt joint brownell table 13.2 page 254) (Brownell, tabel 13.2, hal. 254)
in

1.2 atm
17.6400 Psia

in
icr (inside-corner radius) 4.3750 in

thickness 0.2500 in (1/4 in)
in
in
in
in
is between 1.5 - 2.5 inches then we choose Sf = 2.0000
K
B n Tc rho (gr/ml)
0.2667 0.2457 562.9300 0.7045
0.2584 0.3084 598.0000 0.7750
2.5065251678
2.3814573287
2.5860907487
2.4899246891
mpai 1.3 Rmin (for water as cooling agent)
on, Mc Graw Hill, New York, (1991) , halaman 102
sitas ----> log = A + B/T + C.T + D.T2
(cP)at 134,4638 C (volatility) x

0.2996 2.5065 0.2199
0.2386 1.0000 0.1688
0.5382 0.3886
Dc
trial the temperature untill it's 1
Perubahan kondisi operasi karena pressure drop
Kondisi umpan
P 1.1773 atm
T 127.3417 C (setelah digoal seek terhadap Yi=1)
400.4917 K
Component fraksi mol(X) A B

LK C4H9OH 0.2928 109.2803 -6306.0000
HK C2H3COOC4H9 0.7072 2.7565 -2767.9000
TOTAL 1.0000
Kondisi residu
P 1.2611 atm
648.9681 K
LK C4H9OH 0.0086 109.2803 -6306.0000
HK C2H3COOC4H9 0.9914 2.7565 -2767.9000
TOTAL 1.0000
Kondisi masuk reboiler

P 1.2611 atm
648.9700 K

LK C4H9OH 0.0086 109.2803 -6306.0000
HK C2H3COOC4H9 0.9914 2.7565 -2767.9000
TOTAL 1.0000
in
rho (lb/f3) rho. X

43.9856 12.8786
48.3874 34.2200
47.0986 lb/f3
telah digoal seek terhadap Yi=1)
C D E Po (Puap) (mmHg) Po (Puap) (atm) Ki = Puap /Ptotal Y i = K i Xi

-36.9470 0.0145 -3.9480E-13 1474.1561 1.9397 1.6476 0.4824
4.7435 -0.0174 9.9204E-06 655.9422 0.8631 0.7331 0.5185
1.0009

-36.9470 0.0145 -3.9480E-13 111044.2114 146.1108 115.8577 0.9980
4.7435 -0.0174 9.9204E-06 3.5075 0.0046 0.0037 0.0036
1.0017

-36.9470 0.0145 -3.9480E-13 111046.5054 146.1138 115.8601 0.9981
4.7435 -0.0174 9.9204E-06 3.5074 0.0046 0.0037 0.0036
1.0017
i = Ki / Khk
2.2474
1.0000
i = Ki / Khk
31658.9976
1.0000
i = Ki / Khk
31660.7133
1.0000
menghitung konstanta underwood, menghitung perbandingan refluks minimal ada di NE
feed temperatur 101.5548128671

tekanan operasi 1
MINIMUM PLATE AMOUNT
xlk xhk
Log[( )D ( )B ]
N min xhk xlk
log(av)
x lk 0.0202
x hk Distillate
N min 1.3829
REFLUX MINIMUM
q 1.0000 manda:
1-q 0.0000 feed is SATURATED LIQUID (kondisi cair je
1.0342
Component fraksi mol (xi) feed

.x
1 q F Asam Akrilat 0.0188
N- Butanol 0.0118
Asam Sulfat 0.0330796377
Air 0.9363
TOTAL 1.0000
5
Di x Di
R min 1
1 Di
Component xd d = Kd/Khk
Asam Akrilat 0.0195 632.1883
N- Butanol 0.0123 1297.4353
Asam Sulfat 0 1
Air 0.9682 2225.4374
TOTAL 1.0000
R min + 1 = 1.0005
R min = 0.0005
dipilih refluks operasi = 1.2

optimum refluks (R) = 0.000590314
Ideal Plate Amount
9.8328.E-05
Rop R min

Rop 1
Diperoleh dengan korelasi Gilliand

grafik diperoleh dari ludwig E.E Applied process design for chemical and petrochemical plant, 1994 ed 3 vol 2 halam
(N-Nmin)/(N+1) = 0
N- 1.3829 =
1N= 1.3829
N= 1.3828887388
N ideal = 1.3828887388
EFFICIENCY OF PLATE
Didekati dengan cara O'Connell

Henley dan Seader (1981), halaman 510 tentang hubungan antara viskositas, komponen penyusun dan effisiensi pla
f = Volatilitas relatif dalam umpan

f = Viskositas rerata dalam umpan
T feed 101.5548
374.7048
Component (feed) x A
Asam Akrilat 0.0188 -15.9215
N- Butanol 0.0118 -5.3970
Asam Sulfat 0.0330796377 -18.7045
Air 0.9363 -10.2158
TOTAL 1.0000
from the figure we have an efficiency about

0.7000
ACTUAL PLATE AMOUNT

N actual = N ideal / Ef
N actual = 1.9756
2.0000 plates
PLATE FOR ENTERING THE FEED
Dihitung dengan persamaan Kirk Bridge

Towler, G., Ray Sinnot, Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, San Diego, (2008), halaman 676
dengan hubungan:
B: Kecepatan mol residu (kmol/jam)
D: Kecepatan mol distilat (kmol/jam)
Nr: Jumlah plate pada rectifying (top plate)
Ns: Jumlah plate pada stripping (bottom plate)
Indeks:
b: Residu(Bottom)
d: Distilat
f: Umpan
hk: Komponen kunci berat
lk: Komponen kunci ringan
log (Nr/Ns) = 0.3550

Nr/Ns = 2.2649
Nr = 2.2649 Ns
Nr + Ns
2.2649 Ns + Ns
3.2649 Ns
Ns
Ns
then distillation column has :

Ns 1.0000
Nr 1.0000
Reboiler
so the feed is entering column by plate 1st from bottom
Diameter and height of Column
a. Upper diameter
Condition
T 118.0989 C
391.2489 K
P 1.0000 atm
Neraca massa:
V1 = Lo + D
V2 = L1 + D
V3 = L2 + D
Vn = Ln-1 + D
Vn + 1 = Ln + D
Neraca komponen pada puncak menara

V y 1,l = L x0,l + D xdi
D: Kecepatan mol distilat, kmol/jam

V: Kecepatan mol uap, kmol/jam
xo: Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen pada airan refluks
xd: Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen pada distilat
V = Lo + D
Lo/D = Rop
V = Rop .D + D
V = (Rop+1)D
V= 13.9705 kmol/jam
mol fraction of vapor = mol fraction distillate , it cause using of "kondensor total"
so vapor composition can be calculated by Vi = yi. V
V: Kecepatan mol uap(fase gas) total (kmol/jam)
Vi: Kecepatan mol masing-masing komponen uap (kmol/jam)
yi: Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen
V= 13.9705 kmol/jam
vapor composition
Component yi Vi (kmol/jam)
C4H9OH 0.9971 13.9300
C2H3COOC4H9 0.0029 0.0405
TOTAL 1.0000 13.9705
Pressure 1.0000 atm

Temperature 118.0989 C
391.2489 K
Mass mixture molecule
total mol vapor
Density of Vapor
its value is calculated by ideal gas equation
v = Mwv . Pt
Rg . T
Dengan hubungan:
pg: Rapat massa fase uap (kg/m3)
Mwv: Massa molekul uap (kg/kmol)
Pt: Tekanan total (atm)
v= 2.3012

it is calculated by equation below
Li = Vi - Di
Li = rate of each component (kmol/jam)
C4H9OH 0.0082 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 0.0000 128.1710
TOTAL 0.0082
Component A B
C4H9OH 0.2689 0.2667
C2H3COOC4H9 0.2995 0.2584
Density of liquid phase

Component kg/jam liquid (kg/m3)
C4H9OH 0.6092 721.5786
C2H3COOC4H9 0.0031 794.1817
TOTAL 0.6122
liquid = total mass rate/ total volume rate

liquid = 721.9086 kg/m3
Surface tension
T 391.2489 K
Component A Tc
C4H9OH 64.5260 562.9300
C2H3COOC4H9 62.5960 598.0000

C4H9OH 0.6092 0.9950
C2H3COOC4H9 0.0031 0.0050
TOTAL 0.6122 1.0000
V 1037.7241 kg/jam
L 0.6122 kg/jam
vapor 2.3012 kg/m3
(liquid-vapor factor)Flv 3.3309409590923E-05

we have given K1 value by figure (ebook Towler)
K1 0.0520
l g 0.5
Uf K 1 ( ) ( ) 0.2
g 20 dyne / cm

Uv = 0.8000 Uf
Uv 0.6956 m/s


Anet = 0.1801

Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
0.8800
Acolumn= 0.2046
Adowncomer = 0.0246
Dcolumn = 0.5106
Aactive = Ac-2 Ad
Aactive = 0.1555
Ahole= 8%
Ahole= 0.0124
weir length
Ad/Ac = 0.1200

lw/Dc = 0.7600
lw = 0.7600 Dc

0.0400 m
coulson p.573
checking weeping
max liquid mass rate (Lmax) = 0.0002 kg/detik
min liquid mass rate (Lmin) = 70% Lmax

0.0001 kg/detik


hw+how = 40.0424 mm
Uh (min)= 6.7832 m/s

Uv 7.0476 m/s
Manda :
make sure no weeping
Uh (max) = 10.0680 m/s
Ah/Ap = Ah/Aa = 8.0000

Co 0.8350
Pt 573.5880 Pa
0.0057 atm
pressure loss at downcomer

hap = hw-(5 till 10 mm)
we take 5.0000 mm
hap 35.0000 mm
0.0350 m
area below the apron
Aap 0.0136 m
Adowncomer 0.0246 m
Aap < Ad, thus Am=Aap
Am 0.0136 m
hdc 0.0000 mm
backup downcomer
hb 121.0357 mm
0.1210 m
hb must be little than 1/2(plate spacing+hw)
1/2(plate spacing+hw) 0.1450 m
hb < 1/2(plate spacing+hw) , so it's acceptable
checking residence time
tr 12616.4985 detik
if t > 3 second, the design is compatible
%flooding 80%
Flv = 0.0000
by the figure
7
trial layout
Unperforated strip 50.0000 mm

calming zone 50.0000 mm
lw/Dc 0.7600
from the figure, we have given value

c 100.0000
lh/Dc 0.1800
angle remains 80.0000
Mean length unperforated strip 0.64 m

Unperforated strip area 0.0321 m2
Mean length calming zones 0.5606 m
calming zone area 0.0280 m
Aperforated = Aa - Unperforated strip area - calming zone area

Ap 0.4504 m2
Ah/Ap 0.0276
by fig.11.35
lp/dh 3.6000
holes amount

0.0035 m
holes amount = Ah/ hole area = 1293.7968

hole amount = 5474.0000
b.Bottom diameter
Outlet of reboiler (B)
P 1.0000
T 420.1205
C4H9OH 0.2981 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 34.3065 128.1710
TOTAL 34.6046
inlet liquid of reboiler (LR)
LR= F + Lo
48.5751 kmol/jam
oulet vapor of rebloiler

V= LR- B
13.9705 kmol/jam
Vapor composition as outlet the reboiler
mol rate (Vo) = mol rate (V1), because it has contant flow
Vo = 13.9705 kmol/jam
Component yi Vi = yi. Vo (kmol/jam)

C4H9OH 0.0086 0.1203
C2H3COOC4H9 0.9914 13.8502
TOTAL 13.9705
Liquid composition as inlet the reboiler
Komposisi fase cair masuk reboiler

Dihitung dengan neraca massa, Li = Vi + Bi
Bi: kecepatan massa residu reboiler (kmol/jam)
Li: kecepatan massa fase cair masuk reboiler (kmol/jam)
Vi: kecepatan massa fase uap keluar reboiler (kmol/jam)
C4H9OH 0.4184 74.1230
C2H3COOC4H9 48.1566 128.1710
TOTAL 48.5751
Temperature at entering reboiler
T 146.9705 C
420.1205 K
P 1.0000 atm
Component mol fraction (x) P uap (mmHg)

C4H9OH 0.0086 1938.7338
C2H3COOC4H9 0.9914 749.6774
TOTAL 1.0000
P 1.0000 atm
T bottom operation 420.1205 K
146.9705 C
mass mixture molecule

total mol vapor 13.9705
Rapat massa uap

Didekati dengan persamaan gas ideal Dengan hubungan:
p g:
Mwv:
Pt:
Rg:
T:
v 3.6845 kg/m3
Component A B
C4H9OH 0.2689 0.2667
C2H3COOC4H9 0.2995 0.2584
Density of liquid
Component kg/jam (kg/m3)
C4H9OH 31.0165 690.7525
C2H3COOC4H9 6172.2851 759.8348
TOTAL 6203.3016
l = 759.4550 kg/m3
Surface tension
T 420.1205 K
Component A Tc
C4H9OH 64.5260 562.9300
C2H3COOC4H9 62.5960 598.0000

C4H9OH 31.0165 0.0050
C2H3COOC4H9 6172.2851 0.9950
TOTAL 6203.3016 1.0000
V 1784.1097 kg/jam
L 6203.3016 kg/jam
vapor 3.6845 kg/m3
liquid-vapor factor
Flv 0.2422

we have given K1 value by figure
K1 0.0400
l g 0.5
Uf K 1 ( ) ( ) 0.2
g 20 dyne / cm

Uv = 0.8000 Uf
Uv 0.4227 m/s

Anet = 0.3182

Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
Acolumn = Anet
0.8800
Acolumn= 0.3616
Adowncomer = 0.0434
Dcolumn = 0.6787
Aactive = Ac-2 Ad
Aactive = 0.2748
Ahole= 8%
Ahole= 0.0220
weir length
Ad/Ac = 0.1200

lw/Dc = 0.7600
lw = 0.7600 Dc

0.0400 m

checking weeping
max liquid mass rate Lmax = 1.7231 kg/detik
min liquid mass rate Lmin = 70% Lmax

1.2062 kg/detik

hw+how = 55.8743 mm
Uh (min)= 5.3607 m/s

Uv 4.2830 m/s

Uh (max) = 6.1186 m/s
Ah/Ap = Ah/Aa = 8.0000

Co 0.8350
Pt 637.8846 Pa
0.0063 atm
holes amount

0.0035 m
holes amount = Ah/ hole area 2286.0039

hole amount 9671.0000
CONCLUSION
the diameter
D top 0.5106 m
20.1009 in
1.6751 f
D bottom 0.6787 m
26.7191 in
2.2266 f
then we use standar diameter (for top 6.0000 f

and bottom) van winkle p.574 72.0000 in
1.8288 m
the height
empty side above the first plate = 0.5000 m

empty side above the last plate = 0.5000 m
Total column height 1.2500 m

4.1010 f
shell thickness

r inside 0.9144 m
36.0000 in

f. E - 0.6 P
Head thickness

D (inside diameter) 1.8288 m
72.0000 in

thickness = P . D +C
2.f. E - 0.2 P
head height
IDs = 72.0000 in
1.8288 m

72.3435 in
1.8375 m
base on table 5.7 (brownell page 90) for OD 72 inches
a= ID shell / 2
a= 36.0000
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)1/2 AB = a - icr

AB = 31.6250
BC = r - icr
BC = 67.6250
b= 12.2254
base on table 5.6 (brownell page 88) standard Straight Flange for 3/16 in thickness is between 1.5 - 2.5 inches then w

14.3971 in
0.3657 m
TOTAL HEIGHT OF COLUMN

1.9814 m
inlet and outlet nozzle
Diopt = 2.2 (G/1000)0,45 f(-0.31)

qf : kecepatan massa fluida [lb/jam]
feed pipe
G 5456.3038 kg/jam
12028.9673 lb/jam
T 407.6138
Component mol fraction A
C4H9OH 0.2928 0.2689
C2H3COOC4H9 0.7072 0.2995
TOTAL
Diopt 2.0412 in
standar pipe
TOP PART of COLUMN

vapor pipe at TOP
G 1037.7241 kg/jam
2287.7665 lb/jam
rho 2.3012 kg/m3

0.1437 lb/f3
Diopt 5.8262 in
standar pipe
reflux pipe
G 0.6122 kg/jam
1.3497 lb/jam
rho 721.9086 kg/m3

45.0673 lb/f3
Diopt 0.0345 in
BOTTOM PART of COLUMN

liquid outlet pipe
G 6203.3016 kg/jam
13675.7987 lb/jam
rho 759.4550 kg/m3

47.4113 lb/f3
Diopt 2.1581 in
vapor inlet pipe (to column)
G 1784.1097 kg/jam
3933.2481 lb/jam
rho 3.6845 kg/m3

0.2300 lb/f3
Diopt 6.4256 in
C
atm
feed =k lk/ k hk
top =k lk/ k hk
bottom =k lk/ k hk
avg
x hk 9.0002447007
x lk Bottom
da:
s SATURATED LIQUID (kondisi cair jenuh)
i= Ki/Khk i .xi i - i xi/i -

2422.5635 45.5393 2421.5293 0.0188
5033.3173 59.5592 5032.2831 0.0118
1 0.0331 -0.0342 -0.97
9843.5009 9216.3655 9842.4667 0.9364
0
d xd d - d xd/d -
12.3373 631.1541 0.0195
15.9384 1296.4011 0.0123
0.0000 -0.0342 0
2154.6690 2224.4032 0.9687
1.0005
Rmin Refluks rasio operasi berkisar antara 1.2 sampai 1.3 Rmin (for water as cooling agent)
Berdasarkan Kister, H.Z., Distillation Operation, Mc Graw Hill, New York, (1991) , halaman
mical plant, 1994 ed 3 vol 2 halaman 30
Nmin = 1.3829
0N+ 0
ponen penyusun dan effisiensi plate
C
K Viskositas ----> log = A + B/T + C.T + D.T2
B C D log10
2440.8 0.034383 -0.000027677 -0.4100499949
1325.6000 0.0062 0.0000 -0.3008
3496.2 0.03308 -0.000017018 0.6319
1792.5000 0.0177 0.0000 -0.5620
= 2.0000
= 2.0000
= 2.0000
= 0.6126
= 1.0000
Untuk aliran konstan molal:
V1 = V2 = V3 = Vn = Vn+1 = V
L0 = L1 = L2 = L3 = Ln = L
ada airan refluks

en uap (kmol/jam)
BM kg/jam mass fraction

74.1230 1032.5355 0.9950
128.1710 5.1886 0.0050
1037.7241 1.0000
kg/kmol
Rg: Konstanta gas ideal

se uap (kg/m3) 0.0825 L atm/mol K
uap (kg/kmol) 0.0825 m3 atm/kmol K
T: Suhu operasi (K)
kg/m3
kg/jam mol fraction (x) mass fraction
0.6092 0.9971 0.9950
0.0031 0.0029 0.0050
0.6122 1.0000 1.0000
T 391.2489 K
0.2457 562.9300 0.7216 721.5786
0.3084 598.0000 0.7942 794.1817
V(m3 /jam)
0.0008
0.0000
0.0008
n (dyne/cm)
1.2222 15.1150
1.2737 16.1826
(dyne/cm) x.
15.1150 15.0394
16.1826 0.0809
15.1203
0.2883 kg/detik
0.0002 kg/detik
m2
(coulson hal 572)
+ Adowncomer
+ 0.1200 Acolum
m2
m2
m2
Aactive
m2
coulson, halaman 572

eping
lw
L1 : kecepatan massa cairan kg /jam
Vo : kecepatan massa uap kg /jam
B : kecepatan massa residu kg /jam
xi : fraksi mol pada fase cair

yi : fraksi mol pada fase uap
xb : fraksi mol masing2 komponen
pada residu
atm
K
kg/jam mol fraction

22.0960 0.0086
4397.0960 0.9914
4419.1919 1.0000
BM kg/jam
74.1230 8.9205
128.1710 1775.1891
1784.1097
kg/jam mol fraction (x)

31.0165 0.0086
6172.2851 0.9914
6203.3016 1.0000
P uap (atm) Ki = Puap/Ptotal yi=Ki. Xi
2.5510 2.5510 0.0220
0.9864 0.9864 0.9779
1.000
kg/jam = 127.7054 kg/kmol

kmol/jam
Rapat massa fase uap (kg/m3)

Massa molekul uap (kg/kmol)
Tekanan total (atm)
Konstanta gas ideal
0.0825 L atm/mol K
0.0825 m3 atm/kmol K
Suhu operasi (K)
T 420.1205 K
0.2457 562.9300 0.6908 690.7525
0.3084 598.0000 0.7598 759.8348
V (m3/jam)
0.0449
8.1232
8.1681
n (dyne/cm)
1.2222 12.0691
1.2737 13.3613
(dyne/cm) x.
12.0691 0.0603
13.3613 13.2945
13.3548
0.4956 kg/detik
1.7231 kg/detik
m2
+ Adowncomer
+ 0.1200 Acolum
m2
m2
m2
Aactive
m2
1m= 39.37007874
3.280839895
1.2 atm
17.6400 Psia

in

1.2 atm
17.6400 Psia

in
icr (inside-corner radius) 4.3750 in

thickness 0.2500 in (1/4 in)
in
in
in
in
is between 1.5 - 2.5 inches then we choose Sf = 2.0000
K
B n Tc rho (gr/ml)
0.2667 0.2457 562.9300 0.7045
0.2584 0.3084 598.0000 0.7750
0.2461079193
0.2840737289
0.352540379
0.2910193341
mpai 1.3 Rmin (for water as cooling agent)
on, Mc Graw Hill, New York, (1991) , halaman 102
sitas ----> log = A + B/T + C.T + D.T2
(cP)at 134,4638 C (volatility) x

0.3890 0.2461079193 0.0018
0.500 0.5113 0.0030
4E+00 0.0001015899 0.0000
0.2742 1.0000 0.2567
5E+00 2.616.E-01
Dc
trial the temperature untill it's 1
in
rho (lb/f3) rho. X

43.9856 12.8786
48.3874 34.2200
47.0986 lb/f3
PERANCANGAN ACCUMULATOR-01
Fungsi : untuk menampung destilat yang keluar dari condenser MD-01

Jenis : Horisontal Drum
Tipe head : Torispherical
Kondisi Operasi
P = 1 atm
T = 391.1762 K
= 118.0262 C
= 244.4472 F
Komposisi masuk accumulator

Komponen BM (gr/mol) Vn (gr/jam) V (mol/jam) xi(fraksi mol)
Butanol 74.1230 4367911.7343 58927.8865 0.9971
Butil akrilat 128.1710 21949.3052 171.2502 0.0029
total 4389861.0395 59099.1367 1

4389.8610 kg/jam
9677.9754 lb/jam
Menghitung densitas cairan

n
dalam gr/ml
A.B (1T / Tc )
T= 391.1762 K
komponen xi A B n Tc i
Butanol 0.9971 0.2689 0.2667 0.2457 562.9300 0.7217
Butil akrilat 0.0029 0.2995 0.2584 0.3084 598.0000 0.7943
(xi*i)
L = 0.7219 gr/ml
= 721.8630 gr/L
= 45.0645 lb/f3
massa total
maka flow masuk Q =
densitas cairan
= 214.7585 f3/jam
= 6.0813 m3/jam = 6081.2939 L/jam
= 1.6892 L/sekon
= 1689.2483 mL/sekon 1013548.977
Viskositas cairan (m)

Log = A + B/T + CT + DT2 satuan = cp
= Centipoise
Komponen A B C D i x
Butanol -5.397 1325.6 0.0062223 -5.5062E-06 0.3830 0.3819
Butil akrilat -6.9308 1168.9 0.013471 -0.000012339 0.2747 0.0008
0 -16.7220 3.28E+03 2.94E-02 -1.93E-05
0.3827
3.827E-04
Perancangan
*** Waktu tinggal = 300 sekon = 0.0833 jam towler and sinnot .p772
Kapasitas tangki = volum total x waktu tinggal
= 0.5068 m3 =
506.7745 liter
V overdesign (20%) = 0.6081 m3
V= 21.4759 f3
*** L/D = 2,5 s/d 5
diambil L/D = 4 (walas p. xviii ) paling direkondasikan
Menghitung diameter dan panjang tangki

untuk torispherical
V head = 0,000049*(D3) (Brownell pers 5.11)
V dlm f3, D dlm in
V shell =
V dlm f3, D dlm f

maka
Vt = Vshell + 2*Vhead
dengan D dan L shell dibagi 12 (konversi 1f = 12in)
Vt = =
Vt = 0.0018171296 D3 + 0.000098 D3
Vt = 0.0019151296 D3
Vt dalam f3 dan D dlm in
21.4759 = 0.0019151296 D3
D3 = 11213.8137
D = 22.3830 in = 0.5685 m
L = 89.5319 in = 2.2741 m
Pemilihan bahan konstruksi Accumulator

dipilih Carbon steel SA 283 grade C
spesifikasi Tensile strength 55000 lb/in2
Allowable stresses (f) 18750 lb/in2
Corrosion Allowance ( c ) 0.125 in
(sumber: brownell)
alasan temperature operasi -20 s/d 650F
tebal dinding tidak lebih dari 5/8 in
MENENTUKAN TEBAL SHELL ACCUMULATOR
(equation 13.1 design of cylindrical vessel under Internal pressure)
t=
Pressure design = working press
dengan
t = tebal shell (in)
P = internal pressure (psi) 17.6351
ri = inside radius shell (in) 11.1915
f = allowable stress (psi) 18750
e = joint eficiency = 85% (dipakai single welded butt joint)
C = corrosion allowance (in) 0.125
so:
t= 197.3634 + 0.125
15926.9189
t= 0.1374 in
dipakai tebal shell standard, ts = 3/16 in = 0.1875 in
MENENTUKAN DIMENSI HEAD

menghitung tebal head
OD = D + 2 .ts
= 22.3830 + 2 x 0.1875
= 22.7580 in
OD standar = 24 in
Tabel 5.7 & 5.8 (p.90) Brownell diperoleh :

OD = 24 in
icr = 1 1/2 in
rc = 24 in
sf = 1 1/2 - 3 1/2 dipilih sf = 2 in p.88 brownell
icr = 1 1/2
r 24
= 0.0625
= 6.25% > 6%
untuk icr/r > 6% :
= 1.7500 Eq. 7.76 Brownell
t head = { P. rc . W / (2. f. E - 0,2 . P)} + C Eq. 7.77 Brownell

= 0.1482 in
t head standar = 0.1875 in

outside diameter head = ID + 2(tebal head) t head yg buat di word (gausah p
Odh = 22.7580 in = 1.8965 f 0.137385
OD standar = 24 in
MERANCANG HEAD ACCUMULATOR
Keterangan
icr : inside-corner radius
sf : straight flange
r : radius of dish
OD : outside diameter (OD)
b : depth of dish (inside)
a : inside radius (ri)
dari tabel 5.8 Brownell and Young, untuk
t head =
dari persamaan untuk fig. 5.8 Brownell & Young :

a = ID/2 = 22.3830 in = 11.1915 in
2
AB = a - icr = 11.1915 in - 1 1/2 in 9.6915

BC = r - icr = 24 in - 1 1/2 in 22.5000
AC = BC AB
2 2
= 20.3058 in
b = r -AC = 24 in - 20.3058 in 3.6942
OA = sf + b + thead
= 2 in + 3.6942 in + 0.1875 in
= 5.8817 in
= 0.4901 f
= 0.1494 m 5.8817820646 in
maka, panjang total accumulator

panjang ACC-1 = L + 2(OA)
= 101.2953 in
= 2.5729 meter = 101.2955172901
MENGHITUNG TINGGI CAIRAN DALAM TANGKI HORIZONTAL
R

H
Vs + Vh =
Vs + Vh =
trial = 115.181
Vs + Vh = 0.5068 m3
Vt = 0.5068 m3
beda V = 0.0000
dan
cos = 1 - (H/R)
-0.4255 = 1 - (H/R)
maka
H= 0.4052 m
MENGHITUNG PIPA KELUARAN DARI ACCUMULATOR
L = 45.0645 lb/f3
= 3.82702E-04 kg/m.s
debit (Q) = F/
Q= 214.7585 f3/jam
Q= 0.0597 f3/sekon
jadi Di optimum = 3,9 . Q0,45 . 0,13 (Turbulen)
= 1.7993 in
maka, diameter pipa standar yang dipilih kern p.844
IPS = 2 in
Schedule Number (SN) = 40 ST 40 S
Outside Diameter (OD) = 2.38 in
Inside Diameter (ID) = 2.067 in
Flow area per pipe (A) = 3.35 in2
Cek jenis aliranv = Q / A 2.56428 f/s

= 0.78160 m/s
NRe = D v / 77402.62 ( turbulen )
RESUME
Kode : AC-01
Fungsi : untuk menampung destilat yang keluar dari condenser MD-01
Jenis : Horisontal Drum
Jumlah : 1.00 buah
Volume : 0.6081 m^3
Kondisi P= 1.00 atm
T= 118.0262 C
waktu tinggal = 300.00 sekon
Diameter : 0.5685 m
Panjang : 2.2741 m
Bahan konstruk : Carbon steel SA 283 grade C
Tebal shell : 0.1875 in
Tebal head : 0.1875 in
Tinggi head : 0.1494 m
Panjang total : 2.5729 m
1000-10000 gal pake horizontal
diatas 10.000 gal pake vertikal tank
xi*i
0.7196
0.0023
0.7219 gr/ml
mL/600 sekon
cP
kg/m.s
towler and sinnot .p772

Pressure design = working press 1 atm
17.63514 Psia

Allowable stress (s) = 18750 psi
Efisiensi sambungan (e)= 0.85
Faktor korosi (C) = 0.125 in
t head yg buat di word (gausah pake cara excel ini yg t headnya)

0.1875 in
in
in
in
PERANCANGAN KONDENSOR
Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan hasil atas menara distilasi 1

Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe kondensor
2. Memilih bahan konstruksi
3. Menentukan spesifikasi kondensor
1. Data yang diperlukan

a. Fluida Panas (Hasil atas Menara Distilasi )
Suhu masuk = 118.099
Suhu keluar = 118.026
TAVG = 118.063
Tekanan Operasi = 1.000
Laju Alir Massa (W) = 4,389.861
Laju Alir molar (n) = 59,099.137
Beban Panas Kondensor (Qc) = 2,552,548.874
b. Fluida dingin ( air laut )

Suhu masuk = 30.000
TAVG = 37.500
Kapasitas panas (Cp) fluida dingin pd TAVG = 1.130
laju alir massa pendingin = Qc

Cp*dT
laju alir massa pendingin
2.Menentukan Tipe Kondensor

Tipe kondensor yang dipilih adalah : Shell and Tube
Pertimbangannya :
1. HE shell and tube paling umum digunakan
2. paling umum digunakan jika pendinginnya air
3. Mempunyai area transfer panas yang besar (A > 200ft2)
3.Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi

Bahan untuk Shell : Digunakan bahan Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Alasan :
1. tahan korosi
2.
3.
4.
(Brownell, p.253)
Bahan untuk Tube : Digunakan bahan Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Alasan :
1. pendingin yang digunakan adalah air
2. tidak terkorosi oleh air
(Brownell, p.253)
4.Menentukan Spesifikasi Kondensor

a. Penentuan TLMTD
Fluida Panas T1 = 244.578 F
T2 = 244.447 F
Fluida Dingin t1 = 86.000 F
t2 = 113.000 F
dipilih aliran counter current karena T LMTD-nya lebih besar sehingga perpannya lebih b
b. Penentuan harga Ud
Untuk fluida panas adalah light organics dan fluida dingin adalah water
Ud = 75 - 150 Btu/ft2.F.hr (tabel 8 Kern)
diambil harga Ud = 75.000 Btu/ft2.F.hr
c. Penentuan Luas Perpindahan Panas

A = Q / ( Ud * delta T LMTD )
= 2,419,340.013
75.000 * 144.597
A = 223.088 ft 2
20.726
d. Memilih Spesifikasi Tube

Dari tabel 10 kern dipilih pipa dengan spesifikasi
0.025 OD tube = 1 in
0.022 ID tube = 0.856 in
BWG = 15
0.000 A't = 0.576 in2
Ao = 0.2618 ft2/ft
6.096 L = 20.000 ft =
Jumlah tube (Nt)= A/( L * Ao )
= 223.088
20.000 * 0.262
= 42.607
diambil Nt = 44.000 buah tube
Dari tabel 9 Kern dipilih untuk Odt = 1.000 in

Pola tube : Triangular pitch
Alasan : 1. Kapasitas fluida yang akan didinginkan besar sehingga dengan susunan
ini akan lebih banyak tube terpasang pada shell
2. Pressure drop rendah
0.032 Pt = 1 1/4 in
IDs = 12 in OD untuk ID 12,09 in =
Baffle spacing = Ids * 0,75 = 9.000 in
Nt = 44.000
pass(n) = 2.000
C' = Pt - Odt = 0.250 in
e. Koreksi Harga A
A' = Nt * Ao * L
A' = 230.384 ft2
A' = 21.403 m2
f. Koreksi harga Ud
Ud = Q
A * T LMTD
Ud = 72.625 Btu/ft2.F.hr
1,484.581 kJ/h.m2.K
Shell side = fluida panas, hasil atas MD

g. Menghitung flow area
IDs = 12.000 in
Pt = 1.250 in
B= 9.000 in
c' = 0.250 in
As = ID shell * c' * B (Kern, pers 7.1)

144 * Pt
As = 0.150 ft2
h. Menghitung Gs
Gs = W / As (Kern, pers 7.2)
Gs = 64,519.251 lb/ft2.jam
Loading
asumsi = ho = 99.903 Trial

dari perhitungan (k) bagian tube diperoleh
ho 99.903 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
Tw = wall pipe temperature (Kern, pers 5.31)
Tavg = 99.500 F
Tv = 244.513 F
Tw = 108.282 F
Tf = ( Tv + Tw )/2 (Kern, pers 12.19)

( Tf = film temperature )
Tf = 176.397 F
353.371 K
kf = 0.039 W/m.K
= 0.023 Btu / hr .ft.F
= 0.382 cp
= 0.924 lb/ ft . hr
f = 297.118 kg/m3
= 18.548 lb / ft3
g= 32.200 ft/s2
= 417,312,000.000 ft/hr2
h= (1,5*(4*G''/mf)^(-1/3))/(m2/(kf^3*rf^2*g))
#NUM! (Kern, 12,42)
h = ho = 99.903 Btu/hr.Ft F 2
(dr fig, 12.9)
567.249 J/s.m2.C
n. Mencari clean overall corfficient (Uc)
Uc = ( hio * ho )
(hio + ho)
= 93.853 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
1,918.510 kJ/h.m2.K
o. Mencari Dirt Factor
Rd = (Uc -Ud) Rd yang diijinkan =
(Uc * Ud)
= 0.0031 hr.ft2.F/Btu
0.000 h.m2.K/kJ
PRESSURE DROP
( shell side, fluida panas, hasil atas MD1 )
p. Menentukan faktor friksi
Pada Tavg = 244.513 F
vapor = 0.382 cP = 0.924 lb/ft.hr
De = 0.990 in 0.083 ft
Re s = De * Gs

= 5,762.725
maka
f= 0.0025 (Kern, fig.29)
q. Mencari jumlah crosses

N+1 = 12 * ( L / B ) (Kern, pers 7.43)
N+1 = 26.667
r. Menghitung nilai Ps
uap = kg/m3
lbm/ft3
air pada Tavg = 26.264 lbm/ft3
s.g (s) = uap

pada Tavg
= -
Ds = 1.000
( kern 12.47)
= 0.064 psi 0.004 atm
Ps yang diijinkan = 2psi
KESIMPULAN
Shell Side Tube side

Fluida Panas (Hasil atas Menara Distilasi ) Tube side = fluida ding
h outside
99.903 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
Uc = 93.853
Ud = 72.625
Rd perancangan = 0.0031
Rd yang diijinkan = 0.0005
0.064 Psi delta P perhitungan
10.000 Psi delta P diijinkan
0.305 ID = 12.000 in
-
0.229 Baffle = 9.000 in
-
Passes = 1.000
C 391.249 K 244.578 F
C 391.176 K 244.447 F
C 391.213 K 244.513 F
atm
kg/jam 9,677.888 lb/jam
mol/jam
kJ/jam 2,419,340.013 Btu/jam
C 303.150 K 86.000 F
C 318.150 K 113.000 F
C 310.650 K 99.500 F
kJ/mol.K = 1,129.668 kJ/kmol.K 62.759 kJ/kg.K
= 2,552,548.874 kj/j
62.759 * 15.000 kj/kg
= 2,711.467 kg/jam
= 2.711 ton/jam
= 1,229.894 lbm/jam
untuk co current untuk counter current
t1 = T1 - t1 158.578 t1 = T1 - t2 131.578
t2 = T2 - t2 131.447 t2 = T2 - t1 158.447
maka T LMTD = 144.589 maka T LMTD = 144.597

T LMTD-nya lebih besar sehingga perpannya lebih besar pula
R= T1-T2 0.005
t2-t1
S= t2-t1 0.170
T1-t1
Ft = 1.000 (Fig 16.17 Kern, p.549)
TLMTD = 144.597
m2
kelipatan panjang pipa di pasaran 6,8,12,16,20,23
At = flow area per tube

Ao = surface per lin ft
6.096 m = 240.000 in
12.75 in (kern, hal. 844)
Tube side = fluida dingin, air laut

g. Menghitung Flow Area
A't = 0.576 in2
Nt = 44.000
n= 2.000
At = Nt * A't (Kern, pers 7.48)
144 * n
At = 0.088 ft2
i. Menghitung Gt
Gt = W / At
= 13,976.072 lb/ft2.jam
Velocity (V)
V = Gt/(3600*)
= 26.264 lb / ft3
V= 0.148 fps
j. Mencari Bilangan Reynold
= 0.697 cp
= 1.683 lb/ft.hr
Dt = 0.856 in 0.071 ft
Re t = (Dt * Gt)

= 592.283
k. L/D = 280.374
Jh = 900.000 (Kern, fig 24)
L. Mencari hi
c= 0.015 Btu/lb.oF
k= 0.360 Btu / hr .ft.F
BM = 18.015 Kg/Kmol (Kern, pers 6.15a)
= 1,810.376 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
m. Mencari nilai hio

(Kern, pers 6.5)
= 1,549.681 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
air laut
0.0005 (Kern, tabel 12)
0.000 h.m2.K/kJ
PRESSURE DROP
(Tube side, Fluida dingin, air sungai)
p. Menentukan faktor friksi
Re t = 592.283
maka
(Kern, fig28 untuk OD tube 1 in) f= 0.001 (Kern, fig.26)
q. Menghitung nilai Pt
air laut = 26.264 lbm/ft3
s.g air sungai = 1.000
(Kern, pers 7.45)
= 0.002 psi
r. Menghitung nilai Pr
Gt = 13,976.072 lb/ft2.jam
V2 = 1.000 (Kern, fig 27)
2(g')
= 8.000 psi
s. Menghitung nilai PT
PT = Pt + Pr
= 8.002 psi 0.545 atm
PT yang diijinkan = 10 psi
Tube side
Tube side = fluida dingin, air laut
1,549.681
Btu/hr.Ft2 F
Btu/ft2.F.hr
hr. ft2 . F / BTU
hr. ft2 . F / BTU
8.002 Psi 0.544
10.000 Psi (kern 477)
Nt = 44.000
Length = 240.000 in 6.096
OD = 1.000 in 0.025
BWG = 15.000
passes = 2.000
Densitas cairan (r)
= AB (1 T/Tc)n
= gr/ml 310.650 K
Komponen n Tc n Tc
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
Viskositas Liquid--> log = A + B/T + C.T + D.T2

AIR A B C
T= 310.650 -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773
Konduktivitas panas cairan

k = A + BT + CT^2
k = W/m.K
Komponen A B C k
H2O -0.276 0.004612 -0.0000055390 6.22E-01
6.22E-01
3.60E-01
Konduktivitas panas gas

k = A + BT + CT2
k = W/m.K 391.213 K
Komponen A B C k
Butanol 0.01783 -4.83E-05 1.63E-07 2.39E-02
Butil akrilat -0.0081 5.59E-05 1.01E-08 1.53E-02
3.93E-02
2.27E-02
Viskositas viskositas = A + B/T + CT + DT^2

T= 391.2126 K
Komponen xi A B C
Butanol 0.997 -5.397 1325.6 0.0062223
Butil Akrilat 0.003 -6.9308 1168.9 0.013471
Densitas cairan (r)

= AB (1 T/Tc)n
= gr/ml 391.2126 K
xi massa A B n
butanol 0.995 0.26891 0.26674 0.2457
butil akrilat 0.005 0.29947 0.25838 0.30843
1.000
L =
(xi/i)
L = 0.297

4.207E-01 g/mL
4.207E+02 kg/m3
D VISK (cP)
-0.000012631 0.6970262176
W/m.K
Btu/f.hr.F
W/m.K
Btu/f.hr.F
D cP xi . cP
-5.5062E-06 0.3828002198 0.3816909887
-0.000012339 0.2745768026 0.0007956347
0.3824866234
Tc (K) i xi/pi
562.93 0.2969073852 3.351213374
598 0.3459701328 0.0144521146
3.3656654886 g/ml
kg/L = 297.118 kg/m3

PERAN
Kode : RB-01
Fungsi : Menguapkan sebagian hasil bawah menara distilasi 1 (MD-01)
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe reboiler
2. Memilih bahan konstruksi
3. Menentukan spesifikasi reboiler
1. Data yang diperlukan

a. Fluida yang diuapkan (Hasil bawah Menara Distilasi 1)
TAVG = 147.1292
Tekanan Operasi = 1
Laju Alir Massa (W) = 11966.4713
= 26381.2825
Laju Alir molar (n) = 93703.7161
Beban Panas Reboiler (Qr) = 2187000.5261
= 2072868.39244757
b. Pemanas ( steam )
Tekanan steam = 65.40
Suhu masuk = 148.00
TAVG = 148.00
panas laten uap () = 911.2218
laju alir massa steam = Qr

2. Menentukan Tipe Reboiler awal

Tipe reboiler yang dipilih adalah : Kettle reboiler (shell n tube)
Pertimbangannya :
a. Kontruksinya sederhana
b. Paling umum digunakan
3. Memilih Bahan Kontruksi

Bahan untuk Shell : Carbon Steel SA 283 grade C
Alasan :
1. Harganya murah
2. Mudah dalam fabrikasi
3. Paling umum digunakan
4. Untuk proses pada tekanan moderat dan suhu kurang dari 900F
(Brownell, p.253)
Bahan untuk Tube : Carbon Steel SA 283 grade C

Alasan :
1. Harganya murah
2. Mudah dalam fabrikasi
3. Paling umum digunakan
4. Untuk proses pada tekanan moderat dan suhu kurang dari 900F
(Brownell, p.253)
4. Menentukan Spesifikasi reboiler
a. Penentuan TLMTD
Fluida Panas T1 = 298.4 F
(steam) T2 = 298.4 F
Fluida Dingin t1 = 296.5468 F
(bottom product) t2 = 297.1181 F
untuk counter current

T1 = T1 - t2 =
T2 = T2 - t1 =
untuk co current
T1 = T1 - t1 =
T2 = T2 - t2 =
karena T LMTD lebih besar counter curent maka dipilih co

perpindahan panas akan lebih efektif
R=
S=
Ft =
TLMTD =
untuk pemanas adalah steam dan fluida dingin adalah light organic
Ud = 100 - 200 Btu/f2.F.hr (Table 8 Kern, p.840)
diambil harga Ud = 150 Btu/f2.F.hr
= 2072868.3924
150 * 1.5500
= 891.5508 f 2

Dari tabel 10 kern hal 843 dipilih pipa dengan spesifikasi
OD tube = 1 in
ID tube = 0.856 in
BWG = 15
A't = 0.576 in2
Ao = 0.2618 f2/f
L = 20 f =
= 891.5508
20 * 0.2618
= 170.2733
diambil Nt = 188 buah tube
Dari tabel 9 Kern dipilih untuk Odt = 1

Alasan : 1. Kapasitas fluida yang akan didinginkan besar sehingga dengan susunan
Pt = 1 1/ 4 in
IDs = 21 1/4 in Table 9 hal 842 Kern
= 54 cm
Baffle spacing = 0.75 x IDs
= 15.94 in 40.48125
Nt = 188 0.4048125
pass(n) = 1
C' = Pt - Odt
= 1/ 4 in
e. Koreksi Harga A
A' = Nt * Ao * L
= 984.368 f2
f. Koreksi harga Ud
Ud = Q
A * T LMTD
= 1358.563319496 Btu/f2.F.hr
Shell side = fluida dingin, hasil bawah MD

IDs = 21.25 in
Pt = 1.25 in
B= 15.94 in
c' = 0.25 in
As = ID shell * c' * B (Kern, pers 7.1, p.138)

144 * Pt
= 0.4703776042 f2
h. Menghitung Gs
Gs = W / As (Kern, pers 7.2, p.138)
= 56085.32868718 lb/f2.jam
j. Mencari ho
asumsi ho = 0.003449398 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
tw = tc+ ( hio /(hio + ho )) ( Tc - tc )
tc (t avg liq) = 296.832 F

Tc (t avg steam) = 298.400 F
tw = 298.4000 F
D t w = tw-tc
= 1.56751 F
dari fig. 15.11 Kern hal 474 diperoleh :
sehingga bisa digunakan

ho = 0.003449398 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
k. Mencari clean overall corfficient (Uc)
Uc = ( hio * ho )
(hio + ho)
= 3.449.E-03 Btu/hr.Ft2 F 429.025
l. Mencari Dirt Factor

Rd = (Uc -Ud) Rd yang diijinkan =
(Uc * Ud)
= 0.0034 hr.f2.F/Btu
m. Check Maksimum fluk :

Q/A = 2105.79 BTU/ hr. Ft2
shell side, campuran hasil bawah MD
Pressure drop untuk shell side diabaikan .

KESIMPULAN
Shell Side
shell side, campuran hasil bawah MD
h outside
0.0034493981 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
Uc =
Ud =
Rd perancangan =
Rd yang diijinkan =
diabaikan delta P perhitungan
diabaikan delta P diijinkan
ID = 21.25 in
Baffle = 15.94 in
Passes = 1
Resume
Kode RB-01
Fungsi Menguapkan sebagian hasil bawah menara distilasi 1 (MD-01)
Tipe Kettle reboiler (shell n tube)
Spesifikasi
> Beban Panas RB-01 = 2072868.3924
> Luas Transfer Panas = 984.37
> Nt = 188
> Panjang = 20
> Shell
* Fluida = shell side, campuran hasil bawah MD
* Tekanan = 14.7
* Suhu = 296.55
* Kapasitas = 26381.2825
* Material = Carbon Steel SA 283 grade C
> Tube
* Fluida = Tube side , saturated Steam
* Tekanan = 65.40
* Suhu = 298.40
* Kapasitas = 2274.8231
* Material = Carbon Steel SA 283 grade C
PERANCANGAN REBOILER - 01
COLD FLUID
C 420.1205 K 296.5468 F
C 420.4378 K 297.1181 F
C 420.2792 K 296.8325 F
atm
kg/jam
lb/jam
mol/jam
kJ/jam
Btu/jam
HOT FLUID
psi = 4.45 atm
o
C 421.1500 K 298.4 oF
o
C 421.1500 K 298.4 oF
o
C 421.1500 K 298.4 oF
Btu/lb = 2119.5 KJ/Kg
= 2072868.3924 Btu/jam
911.2218 Btu/lb
= 2274.8231 lb/jam
= 1031.8598 kg/jam
= 1.03186 ton/jam
1.2819 oF
1.8532 oF
maka
T LMTD = 1.5500 oF
1.8532 oF
1.2819 oF
maka
TLMTD = 1.5500 oF
D lebih besar counter curent maka dipilih counter curent

anas akan lebih efektif
T1-T2
= 0
t2-t1
t2-t1
= 0.3083
T1-t1
1 (Fig 18 Kern, p.828)
1.5500 oF
1 1/2
1.4
18

Ao = surface per lin f kelipatan panjang pipa di pasaran 6,8,12,16,20,23
6.096 m = 240 in
Table 9 hal 842 Kern
in
ar sehingga dengan susunan
OD untuk ID 21,25 in = 22 in (kern, hal. 844)
cm
m
Table 4-12 Ulrich hal 152-153
asil bawah MD Tube side =fluida panas,saturated steam
A't= 0.576 in2
Nt = 188.0000
n= 1
At = Nt * A't
144 * n
At = 0.7520 f2
h. Menghitung Gt
Gt = W / At
= 3025.0307 lb/f2.jam
i. Mencari Bilangan Reynold

Tav = 298.4 oF
= 0.0135 cp
= 0.0326 lb/f.hr
Dt = 0.856 in
= 0.0713 f
Re t = (Dt * Gt)

Trial = 6618.9544
(5.31 a kern, p.96) j. Mencari nilai hio dan hi

hot fluid in the pipe
hi=hio= 1500 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
*untuk steam
ho > 300
0.003 hr.f2.F/Btu
rule of thumb hal 38 Rd yg diijinkan untuk reboiler streams
hal 459 , satisfactory for organic max 12.000 BTU/ hr. Ft2
Pressure Drop
l bawah MD Tube side , saturated Steam
kern p.475 1. Mencari faktor friksi (f)

Ret = 6618.9544
f= 0.0003
2. Mencari delta Pt
Untuk kondensasi vapour :
Pt = 0.5*f*Gt^2*L*n
5.22*10^10*De*s*
untuk air ,
s = spesifik gravity
=1
= viscocity ratio = /w
=1
Pt = 7.37255140993288E-06 Psi
3. Mencari delta Pr
Pr=(4*n/s)*(V^2/2*g')*(62.5/144)
Gt = 3025.0307
(V^2/2.g')*(62.5/144)= 0.001
Pr = 0.004
4. Mencari delta Pt
PT = Pr + Pt
= 0.00401 Psi
Tube side
Tube side , saturated Steam
h outside
Btu/hr.Ft2 F 1500
0 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
1359 Btu/f2.F.hr
-0.0034 hr. f2 . F / BTU
0.003 hr. f2 . F / BTU
delta P perhitungan 0.0040 Psi
delta P diijinkan 2 Psi (kern 477)
Nt = 188
Length = 240 in
OD = 1 in
BWG = 15
passes = 1
Btu/jam = 2187000.5261 kJ/jam

ft2 = 91.4508 m2
ft = 6.096 m
mpuran hasil bawah MD 11966.4713 kg/jam

psi = 1 atm
F = 146.9705 oC
lbm/jam = 11966.4713 kg/jam
SA 283 grade C
urated Steam 1031.8598 kg/jam

psi = 4.4511 atm
F = = 148.00 oC
lbm/jam = 1031.8598 kg/jam
SA 283 grade C
ated steam
(Kern, pers 7.48)
(Kern, Fig 15 hal 825)
(Kern, hal 164)

Kern fig 26, hal 836
(kern pers. 12.48, p.273)
tabel 6, kern, p.808
(kern, 7.46, p.148)
lb / f2.jam
fig.27 kern, p.837
Psi
Evaporator
Jenis : Long tube vertical evaporator
material : Stainless steel SA-240 Grade C
Kondisi Operasi
T Feed (Tf) = 99 C
T operasi = 145.7325 C
P operasi = 1 atm
Perhitungan dimensi Evaporator

1. Perhitungan Dimensi Deflector
T= 418.8825263904 K
senyawa A B n
asam akrilat 0.34645 0.25822 0.30701
n-butanol 0.26891 0.26674 0.2457
asam sulfat 0.42169 0.19356 0.2857
air 0.3471 0.274 0.28571
L = 1010.8036771606 kg/m3
densitas uap air pada T = 418.8825 K

v = 2.1024 kg/m3
Coulson, 1999
u= 0.7674 m/s
2,762.7963 m/jam
laju volumetrik uap = 297.6162 m3/jam
Menentukan diameter shell (D)

diameter deflector dihitung dengan persamaan :
Q = 1/4 phi D^2 u
297.6162 sama dengan 2,082.0433 D^2
0.1429443104 sama dengan D^2
D= 0.3780797673 m
1.2404191841 f
14.8850302087 in
Menentukan volume shell

diasumsikan H = ID
H= 1.2404191841 f
waktu tinggal cairan = 5 menit
jumlah cairan yang ditampung = 206.4789304248 kg/jam x (1jam/60 menit) x 5 menit =
volume cairan yang ditampung evaporator = massa cairan/densitas liquid
0.0170226701
tinggi cairan dalam evaporator :

V = 1/4 phi D^2 ZL
ZL = 0.151701946 m
0.4977097967 f
menentukan tebal shell

17.6351
base on pressure design, we can use torispherical dished heads, because it has working range betwwen 15 psig-20 psig (page 8

jari jari dalam = 7.4425 in

t= P . ri +C
f.E - 0,6 . P
diambil tebal shell standar = 0.1875 in
menentukan dimensi tutup atas dan bawah

tutupatas dan bahwah berbentuk torispherical. Tebal dan tinggi head dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut :
thickness = P.D +C
2.f.E - 0,2 . P
th = 0.1346519719 in
diambil tebal head standar = 0.1875 in
Tinggi dish head

IDs = 0.3781 m
14.8850 in

15.2600 in
0.42037 m

thickness =
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)1/2
a= ID shell / 2
a= 7.4425 in
AB = a - icr
AB = 6.4425 in
BC = r - icr
BC = 14.0000 in
b= 2.5704 in
base on table 5.6 (brownell page 88) standard Straight Flange for 3/18 in thickness is between 1,5-2 inches then we choose Sf
4.7579
0.3965
tinggi total deflector = tinggi cairan + tinggi dish head + H shell
Perancangan Heat Exchanger Evaporator

menentukan luas bidang transfer panas (A)
UD = 100 - 200 Btu/f2.F.hr (Table 8 Kern, p.840)
dipilih UD = 150 Btu/f^2 F h
Keluaran Dekanter (Fluida Dingin, di shell)
TAVG = 122.3663
Tekanan Operasi = 1
Laju Alir Massa (W) = 206.4789
= 455.2035
Laju Alir molar (n) = 2.5127
Beban Panas Evaporator (Q) = 1343596.4881
= 1273478.7482286
Pemanas ( steam ), di tube

Tekanan steam = 61.94
Suhu masuk = 146.00
TAVG = 146.00
panas laten uap () = 2125.7000
laju alir massa steam = Q

0.429923
4. Menentukan Spesifikasi reboiler

a. Penentuan TLMTD
Fluida Panas T1 = 294.8
(steam) T2 = 294.8
Fluida Dingin t1 = 210.2000
(bottom product) t2 = 294.3185
Ud = 100 - 200 Btu/f2.F.hr (Table 8 Kern, p.840)
diambil harga Ud = 150 Btu/f2.F.hr
= 1273478.7482
150 *
= 521.6813 f2

Dari tabel 10 kern hal 843 dipilih pipa dengan spesifikasi
OD tube = 1 1/2
ID tube = 1.36
BWG = 15
A't = 1.44
Ao = 0.3925
L = 20
= 521.6813
20 *
= 66.4562
diambil Nt = 70 buah tube
Dari tabel 9 Kern dipilih untuk Odt =

Alasan : 1. Kapasitas fluida yang akan didinginkan besar sehingga dengan susun
Pt = 1 7/ 8 in
IDs = 23 1/4 in
= 59.055 cm
Baffle spacing = 0.75 x IDs
= 17.44 in
Nt = 70
pass(n) = 1
C' = Pt - Odt
= 3/ 8 in
e. Koreksi Harga A
A' = Nt * Ao * L
= 549.5 f2
f. Koreksi harga Ud
Ud = Q
A * T LMTD
= 142.4061862358 Btu/f2.F.hr
Shell side = fluida dingin, keluaran bawah dekanter

IDs = 23 1/4 in
Pt = 1 7/ 8 in
B= 17.44 in
c' = 3/ 8 in
As = ID shell * c' * B
144 * Pt
= 0.5630859375 f2
h. Menghitung Gs
Gs = W / As
= 808.4084856311 lb/f2.jam
j. Mencari ho
asumsi ho = 158.0432675375
tw = tc+ ( hio /(hio + ho )) ( Tc - tc )
tc (t avg liq) = 252.259

Tc (t avg steam) = 294.800
tw = 290.7450543231
D t w = tw-tc
= 38.48578
dari fig. 15.11 Kern hal 474 diperoleh :
sehingga bisa digunakan

ho = 158.0432675375
k. Mencari clean overall corfficient (Uc)

Uc = ( hio * ho )
(hio + ho)
= 143 Btu/hr.Ft2 F
l. Mencari Dirt Factor

Rd = (Uc -Ud)
(Uc * Ud)
= 0.0020 hr.f2.F/Btu
m. Check Maksimum fluk :

Q/A = 2317.52 BTU/ hr. Ft2
shell side, keluaran bawah dekanter
Pressure drop untuk shell side diabaikan .

1. mencari faktor friksi :
viskositas = A + B/T + CT + DT^2
T avg = 395.5163 K
komponen A B C
N-Butanol -5.397 1325.6 0.0062223
Asam Akrilat -15.9215 2440.8 0.034383
Asam Sulfat -18.7045 3496.2 0.03308
Air -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773
Total
= 0.3406039603 0.823
De = 1.480 in
Re s = De * Gs

= 121.217
maka
f= 0.0058 (Kern, fig.29)
q. Mencari jumlah crosses

N+1 = 12 * ( L / B )
N+1 = 13.763
Ds = 1.938
= 1.5700.E-05 psi
Ps yang diijinkan = 10 psi

372.15 K
418.8825 K
Tc (K) 1-(T/Tc)^n densiti (kg/dm3) densiti (kg/m3)

615 0.7041 0.8987 898.7482
562.93 0.7154 0.6921 692.1373
925 0.8417 1.6800 1679.9991
647.13 0.7425 0.9077 907.6540
tempereatur density (kg/m3)

123.3 1.23 ektrapolasi 2.102375
128.7 1.44
1f= 12 in
0.3048 m
(5-10 menit, ulrich,1984)

x (1jam/60 menit) x 5 menit = 17.2065775354 kg
airan/densitas liquid
m3
atm
Psia
ing range betwwen 15 psig-20 psig (page 88 brownell and young)
1 atm
an menggunakan persamaan berikut :

1 in
15 in
0.1875 in
between 1,5-2 inches then we choose Sf =
in
f
2.1346 f
0.6506 m
25.6155 in
C 372.1500 K 210.2000
C 418.8825 K 294.3185
C 395.5163 K 252.2593
atm
kg/jam
lb/jam
kmol/jam 2512.7336783244 mol/jam
kJ/jam
Btu/jam
HOT FLUID
psi = 4.2151 atm
o
C 419.1500 K 294.8
o
C 419.1500 K 294.8
o
C 419.1500 K 294.8
KJ/Kg = 913.8873211 Btu/lb
= 1343596.4881 kJ/jam
2125.7000 KJ/Kg
= 632.0725 kg/jam
= 0.6321 ton/jam
= 1393.46701 lb/jam
F
F
F
F
untuk counter current

T1 = T1 - t2 = 0.4815 oF
T2 = T2 - t1 = 84.6000 oF
maka
T LMTD = 16.2740
untuk co current
T1 = T1 - t1 = 84.6000 oF
T2 = T2 - t2 = 0.4815 oF
maka
TLMTD = 16.2740
karena T LMTD lebih besar counter curent maka dipilih counter curent
perpindahan panas akan lebih efektif
T1-T2
R= = 0
t2-t1
t2-t1
S= = 0.9943
T1-t1
Ft = 1 (Fig 18 Kern, p.828)
TLMTD = 16.2740 oF
Kern, p.840)
478.7482
16.2740
in (OD biasanya 1 1/4 - 2 in, Kern,hal 404, 1965)

in
in 2
Ao = surface per lin f kelipatan panjang pipa di pasaran 6,8,12,16,20,
f2/f
f = 6.096 m = 240
1.6813
0.3925
1 1/2 in
dinginkan besar sehingga dengan susunan

sang pada shell
Table 4-12 Ulrich hal 152-153
fluida dingin, keluaran bawah dekanter Tube side =fluida panas,s

A't=
Nt =
n=
At =
(Kern, pers 7.1, p.138) At =
h. Menghitung Gt
Gt =
=
(Kern, pers 7.2, p.138)
i. Mencari Bilangan Reynold
Tav =
=
=
Dt =
=
Re t =
Btu/hr.Ft2 F Trial =
hio + ho )) ( Tc - tc ) (5.31 a kern, p.96) j. Mencari nilai hio dan hi

hot fluid in the pipe
F hi=hio=
F *untuk steam
F
ho > 300
Btu/hr.Ft2 F
Rd yang diijinkan = 0,001
hal 459 , satisfactory for organic max 12.000 BTU/ hr. Ft2
side, keluaran bawah dekanter Tube side , saturated St
kern p.475 1. Mencari faktor friksi (f)

Ret =
f=
D xi cP . Xi 2. Mencari delta Pt
-5.5062E-06 0.0118329961 0.0042396737 Untuk kondensasi vapour :
-0.000027677 0.0187979784 0.0062118695
-0.000017018 0.0330796431 0.1191642548 Pt =
-0.000012631 0.9362893825 0.2109881623
0.3406039603
lb/ft.hr untuk air ,
s=
0.123 ft (Kern, fig28 untuk OD tube 1 in) =
=
=
Pt =
3. Mencari delta Pr
Pr=(4*n/s)*(V^2/2*g')*(62.5/144
Gt =
(Kern, pers 7.43) (V^2/2.g')*(62.5/144)=
Pr =
4. Mencari delta Pt
( kern 12.47) PT =
1.0683.E-06 atm =
PT memenuhi karena max yang di

Fraksi massa densiti (kg/m3)
0.0606 54.4901
0.0393 27.1700
0.1452 243.9474
0.7549 685.1962
1 1010.8037
kg/m3
14.69595001 Psi
2 in
T= 395.5163 K
Data kapasitas panas cair diambil dari Yaws, 1999
Cp cair = A+B*T+C*(T^2)+D*(T^3)
F Komponen A B C D
F Asam Akrilat -18.242 1.2106 -0.003116 3.1409E-06
F N-Butanol 83.877 0.56628 0.0017208 0.000002278
Asam Sulfat 26.004 0.70337 -0.0013856 1.0342E-06
Air 92.053 -0.03995 -0.00021103 5.3469E-07
o
F
o
F
o
F
o
F
o
F
n panjang pipa di pasaran 6,8,12,16,20,23
in (panjang baiknya 20 - 24 f, kern halaman 404, 1965)
hal 841 Kern

hal 841 Kern
12 Ulrich hal 152-153
Tube side =fluida panas,saturated steam

hitung Flow Area
1.44 in2
70.0000
1
Nt * A't (Kern, pers 7.48)
144 * n
0.7000 f2
W / At
1990.6672 lb/f2.jam
ari Bilangan Reynold

294.8 oF
0.0135 cp (Kern, Fig 15 hal 825)
0.0326 lb/f.hr
1.36 in
0.1133 f
(Dt * Gt)

6920.2756
ri nilai hio dan hi Konduktivitas panas cairan
1500 Btu/hr.Ft2 F (Kern, hal 164) K organik =

k anor=
k =
Komponen
N-Butanol
Asam akrilat
Asam sulfat
H2O
sifat fisik
asam akrilat
n-butanol
asam sulfat
air
Tube side , saturated Steam
ari faktor friksi (f)

6920.2756
0.0003 Kern fig 26, hal 836
ari delta Pt
ondensasi vapour :
0.5*f*Gt^2*L*n (kern pers. 12.48, p.273)

5.22*10^10*De*s*
spesifik gravity
1 tabel 6, kern, p.808
viscocity ratio = /w
1
2.00951101210385E-06 Psi
ari delta Pr
Pr=(4*n/s)*(V^2/2*g')*(62.5/144) (kern, 7.46, p.148)
Gt = 1990.6672 lb / f2.jam
(V^2/2.g')*(62.5/144)= 0.001 fig.27 kern, p.837
Pr = 0.003 Psi
ari delta Pt
Pr + Pt
0.00300 Psi
PT memenuhi karena max yang diizinkan = 2 psi

Cp feed pada Tavg
167.45766857 3.1478656382
717.98410637 8.4959031091
151.43240848 5.0093300194
#REF!
76.321113187 71.4586479355
0 #REF!
duktivitas panas cairan
A + B [1-T/C]^2/7
A + BT + CT^2 T= 395.5163 K
W/m.K
A B C k
-1.312 0.619 562.93 -0.874260821
-1.6101 0.9742 615 -0.884330418
0.1553 0.0010699 -1.2858E-06 3.77E-01
-0.276 0.004612 -0.0000055390 6.82E-01
-6.99E-01 W/m.K
-4.04E-01 Btu/f.hr.F
BM (kg/kmol) BM
72.064 1.354657516
74.123 0.8770971677
98.079 3.2444183111
18.015 16.8672532252
262.281 22.34342622

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tangki penyimpanan bahan baku n-butanol (C4H9OH)

tipe: fixed cone roof tank

perhitungan dimensi tangki:

kapasitas massa = 863587.64635 kg

densitas cairan (pL) = 0.8025006763 kg/L

volume cairan tiap tangki = 1076120.7708 liter

over design = 20%

volume tangki = 1291.3449249 m3

Ditinjau dengan ukuran tangki standar, dipilih berdasarkan

height of liquid in tank = 7.2867925291 m

tebal shell (pers. 3.18) :

calculation per plate

pers. 4.6 browell

tinggi head (h) = D/2 * tan

Rule of Thumb (walas)

thickness of plate (inches)

Waktu pengisian 20 menit

densitas 0.80 kg/l

massa cairan dalam tangki 104803.94626549 kg

Kecepatan massa cairan 314411.8388 kg/jam

Menentukan titik pemompaan

Diopt 0.363 Ql 0.45 l 0.13 (pers. 15 p.496 Peter & Timmerhaus)

Pemilihan pipa standar (kern, hal 844)

Bahan konstruksi pipa :

Total head pompa :

Menentukan kecepatan spesifik (ns)

Dari fig. 3-47 Ludwig vol.1 digunakan

Menentukan brake horse power

NPSH : Net Positive Suction Head

jumlah Le (f) sig Le (f) sig Le (m)

NPSH available 16.4968476967

N = Kecepatan putaran (rpm) 3500 rpm

HsVN (NPSH requires) 8.2257895453 m

vis.fm massa dlm tangki mobil (kg)

udwig, hal. 331)

tugas : menyimpan bahan baku C2H3COOH

perhitungan dimensi tangki :

waktu penyimpanan = 14 hari

Kapasitas massa = 831507.88741005 kg

densitas cairan (pL) = 1.0398848062 kg/L

volume cairan tiap tangki = 799615.382815805 L

over design = 20%

volume tangki = 959.538459379 m3

Ditinjau dengan ukuran tangki standar, dipilih berdasarkan

height of liquid in tank = 4.385726547 m

tebal shell (pers. 3.18) :

calculation per plate

pers. 4.6 browell

tinggi head (h) = D/2 * tan

1 m3 = 264.17205 gallon US fluid

thickness of plate (inches)

Waktu pengisian 20 menit

densitas 1.04 kg/l

massa cairan dalam tangki 135805.532093931 kg

Kecepatan massa cairan 407416.5963 kg/jam

Menentukan titik pemompaan

Pemilihan pipa standar (kern, hal 844)

Bahan konstruksi pipa :

Total head pompa :

Menentukan kecepatan spesifik (ns)

Dari fig. 3-47 Ludwig vol.1 digunakan

Menentukan brake horse power

NPSH : Net Positive Suction Head

jumlah Le (f) sig Le (f) sig Le (m)