BAB 1 Nombor Nisbah

Rational Numbers

  1.1 Integer Buku Teks: m.s. 2 – 4

A. Bagi setiap situasi yang berikut, isikan petak kosong dengan tanda ‘+’ bagi nombor positif dan tanda ‘–’
bagi nombor negatif untuk mewakili dua perubahan yang bertentangan.
For each of the following situations, fill in the blanks with the ‘+’ sign for positive number and the ‘–’ sign for
negative number to represent the two opposite changes.  SP1.1.1  TP1

1. 2. 3.

5 langkah 3 langkah
– + + 32°C – 8°C + 15% – 40%
5 steps 3 steps

B. Tulis integer positif atau integer negatif untuk mewakili setiap situasi yang berikut.
Write positive integer or negative integer to represent each of the following situations.  SP1.1.1  TP1

1. Bergerak ke hadapan 8 m.
600 m di bawah paras laut. –600 Move forward 8 m. +8
600 m below the sea level.

2. 9°C di bawah takat beku. 3. Diskaun sebanyak 25%.

–9 –25
9°C below the freezing point. A discount of 25%.

4. Gaji tahunan menaik sebanyak RM80. 5. 60 cm3 air telah disejatkan.

+80 –60
The yearly salary increases by RM80. 60 cm3 of water is evaporated.

C. Lengkapkan setiap ayat yang berikut.

L
Complete each of the following sentences.  SP1.1.1  TP1

1. Jika +30 mewakili 30 km ke timur, maka –30 mewakili 30 km ke barat .

PE
If +30 represents 30 km to the east, then –30 represents 30 km to the west .

2. Jika +15 mewakili harga naik 15 sen, maka –15 mewakili harga turun 15 sen .
If +15 represents the price increases by 15 sen, then –15 represents the price decreases by 15 sen .

D. Tandakan ‘ ✓ ’ bagi nombor-nombor yang merupakan integer.

M

Mark ‘ ✓ ’ for the numbers which are integers.  SP1.1.2  TP1

5 1
– 73 0 8.9 –402 3 0.17 1 325
6 4
SA

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

1 SP 1.1.1   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.1 Integer Buku Teks: m.s. 4 – 7

A. Lengkapkan setiap garis nombor yang berikut dengan integer yang betul.
Complete each of the following number lines with the given integers.  SP1.1.3  TP1

1. 3, –5, 19, –13

–1 7

2. –18, 0, 12, –42

–24 –6

B. Susun integer yang berikut mengikut tertib yang dinyatakan.

Arrange the following integers in the stated order.  SP1.1.4  TP1

1. –3, 5, –19, 18, 7, –10

(a) 19, 13, –17, –24, 15, –21
Tertib menaik:
–19, –10, –3, 5, 7, 18
Ascending order:
Tertib menaik:
Ascending order:
2. –25, 0, –8, 4, –12, 1
–24, –21, –17, 13, 15, 19
Tertib menurun:
4, 1, 0, –8, –12, –25
Descending order:

3. –16, –7, 24, 2, –9, 13

(b) –11, 23, –1, 6, –14, 12
Tertib menurun:
24, 13, 2, –7, –9, –16
Descending order:
Tertib menurun:
Descending order:
4. –12, 3, –15, 18, –20, 9
23, 12, 6, –1, –11, –14
Tertib menaik:
–20, –15, –12, 3, 9, 18
Ascending order:

C. Senaraikan semua integer yang berikut.

List all the following integers.  SP1.1.4  TP1

L
PE
1. Daripada –6 hingga 7:
From –6 to 7: –6, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

2. Antara –15 dan –2:

Between –15 and –2: –14, –13, –12, –11, –10, –9, –8, –7, –6, –5, –4, –3
M

SA

2 SP 1.1.3   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6  SP 1.1.4   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.2 Operasi Asas Aritmetik yang Melibatkan Integer  Buku Teks: m.s. 7 – 10

A. Isi tempat kosong berdasarkan rajah yang berikut.

Fill in the blanks based on the following diagrams.  SP1.2.1  TP3

1. 2.
Bergerak 4 unit ke kiri. Bergerak 3 unit ke kanan.
Bergerak 5 unit ke kanan. Move 4 units to the left. Move 3 units to the right.
Move 5 units to the right.

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –7 –6 –5 –4

–2 +  +5 = 3 –5 +  –4 = –9 –7 +  +3 = –4

B. Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.

Solve each of the following.  SP1.2.1  TP3

1. 8 – (+2) 2. –12 + (–5) 3. –4 – (–16)

–6 + (–3) =8–2 = –12 – 5 = –4 + 16
= –6 – 3 = 6 = –17 = 12
= –9

NOTA 4. 7 + (–11) 5. 19 – (–6) 6. –5 – (+9)

= 7 – 11 = 19 + 6 = –5 – 9
• x + (+y) = x + y
• x + (–y) = x – y
= –4 = 25 = –14
• x – (+y) = x – y
• x – (–y) = x + y

C. Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.

Solve each of the following.  SP1.2.2  TP3

NOTA
(a) 6 × (–5) = –(6 × 5) (b) –28 ÷ (– 7) = +(28 ÷ 7) • (+) × (+) = (+) • (+) ÷ (+) = (+)
= –30 =4 • (–) × (–) = (+) • (–) ÷ (–) = (+)
• (+) × (–) = (–) • (+) ÷ (–) = (–)
• (–) × (+) = (–) (–) ÷ (+) = (–)

L
•

1. –3 × (–8) 2. –9 × 6 3. 12 × (– 4) 4. –5 × (–7)
PE
= +(3 × 8) = –(9 × 6) = –(12 × 4) = +(5 × 7)
= 24 = –54 = –48 = 35
M

5. 32 ÷ (–4) 6. –45 ÷ (– 9) 7. –21 ÷ 3 8. –60 ÷ (– 5)

= –(32 ÷ 4) = +(45 ÷ 9) = –(21 ÷ 3) = +(60 ÷ 5)
= –8 =5 = –7 = 12
SA

3 SP 1.2.1   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6  SP 1.2.2   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.2 Operasi Asas Aritmetik yang Melibatkan Integer  Buku Teks: m.s. 10 – 11

Hitung setiap yang berikut.

Calculate each of the following.  SP1.2.3  TP3

NOTA
Lakukan operasi dalam tanda kurung dahulu. Tertib operasi bergabung
Do the operation in the brackets first. Order of combined operations
9 – 4 × (–2) + (3 – 5)
( ) tanda kurung/Brackets
Diikuti dengan ×.
= 9 – 4 × (–2) + (–2) Followed by ×.
× atau/or ÷
= 9 – (–8) + (–2) (Dari kiri ke kanan/From left to right)
=9+8–2 Diikuti dengan + dan – dari kiri ke kanan.
= 15 Followed by + and – from left to right. + atau/or –
(Dari kiri ke kanan/From left to right)

1. –6 + 28 ÷ (–4) 2. 3 × (5 – 12) + 9 3. –8 + 27 ÷ (–3) – (–2)

= –6 + (–7) = 3 × (–7) + 9 = –8 + (–9) – (–2)
= –6 – 7 = –21 + 9 = –8 – 9 + 2
= 13 = –12 = –15

4. (–9 + 5) + 7 × (–3) 5. –12 – 20 ÷ (3 – 8) 6. 4 × (2 – 6) + 35 ÷ (–7)

= –4 + 7 × (–3) = –12 – 20 ÷ (–5) = 4 × (–4) + 35 ÷ (–7)
= –4 + (–21) = –12 – (–4) = –16 + (–5)
= –4 – 21 = –12 + 4 = –16 – 5
= –25 = –8 = –21

L
PE
7. 12 + (–36) 8. –24 + 6 × (–3) 9. –8 × (–9) + (–12)
–17 – (–25) –18 + (2 – 5) 4 + (–2) × 7
= 12 – 36 = –24 + (–18) = 72 + (–12)
–17 + 25 –18 + (–3) 4 + (–14)
–24 = –24 – 18
= = 72 – 12
8 –18 – 3 4 – 14
M

= –3 = –42 60
=
–21 –10
= 2 = –6
SA

4 SP 1.2.3   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.2 Operasi Asas Aritmetik yang Melibatkan Integer
 Buku Teks: m.s. 11 – 12

A. Hitung setiap yang berikut dengan menggunakan hukum operasi aritmetik yang dinyatakan
Video
dalam tanda kurungan dan tunjukkan langkah-langkah pengiraan.
Calculate each of the following by using the laws of arithmetic operations stated in the brackets and show the steps
of calculations.  SP1.2.4  TP3

1. 69 × 250 × 4 2. 7 × 16 – 7 × 12

Video
(Hukum Kalis Sekutuan) (Hukum Kalis Agihan)
(Asssociative Law) (Distributive Law)

69 × 250 × 4 7 × 16 – 7 × 12
= 69 × (250 × 4) = 7 × (16 – 12)
= 69 × 1 000 =7×4
= 69 000 = 28

3. 13 × 1 + 8 × 1 4. 27 + 156 + 73
13 (Hukum Kalis Tukar Tertib)
(Hukum Identiti) (Commutative Law)
(Identity Law)
27 + 156 + 73
1 = 27 + 73 + 156
13 × +8×1
13 = 100 + 156
=1+8
= 256
=9

B. Selesaikan setiap yang berikut dengan pengiraan efisien tanpa menggunakan kalkulator.
Solve each of the following using efficient computations without using a calculator.  SP1.2.5  TP3

1. 13 × 3 + 12 × 3 + 15 × 3
8× 499 = (13 + 12 + 15) × 3
=8 × (500 – 1)
Hukum Kalis Agihan = 40 × 3
Distributive Law
=8 × 500 – 8 × 1 = 120
=4 000 – 8
=3 992

L
PE
2. 50 × 461 × 2 3. 296 × 5
= (50 × 2) × 461 = (300 – 4) × 5
= 100 × 461 = 300 × 5 – 4 × 5
= 46 100 = 1 500 – 20
M

= 1 480
SA

5 SP 1.2.4   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6  SP 1.2.5   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.2 Operasi Asas Aritmetik yang Melibatkan Integer  Buku Teks: m.s. 12 – 13

Selesaikan masalah yang berikut.

Solve the following problems.  SP1.2.6  TP4

1. Daniel bermain suatu permainan menembak di sebuah pesta ria. Dia memerlukan 48 mata untuk mendapat
sebuah papan luncur. Setiap tembakan yang mengena pada sasaran akan diberi 6 mata manakala 4 mata
akan ditolak bagi setiap tembakan yang gagal mengena pada sasaran. Daniel telah tiga kali gagal mengena
pada sasaran. Berapakah bilangan tembakan yang perlu mengena pada sasaran supaya dia boleh mendapat
papan luncur itu?
Daniel plays a shooting game in a funfair. He needs 48 points to get a skateboard. Each shot that hits the target
will be given 6 points while 4 points will be deducted for every failed attempt. Daniel has already failed in three
attempts. How many shots that are needed to hit the target for him to win the skateboard? Menganalisis

Katakan n ialah bilangan tembakan yang perlu mengena pada sasaran.

Let n be the number of shots that are needed to hit the target.
(6 × n) + (–4 × 3) = 48
6n + (–12) = 48
6n – 12 = 48
6n = 60
60
n=
6
= 10

Daniel perlu 10 tembakan yang mengena pada sasaran supaya dia boleh mendapat papan luncur itu.
Daniel needs 10 shots to hit the target for him to win the skateboard.

2. Dalam suatu eksperimen, suhu awal bagi sejenis larutan ialah –24°C. Larutan itu dipanaskan supaya
suhunya naik 4°C untuk setiap 6 minit. Tentukan sama ada suhu akhir larutan itu akan berada di atas
takat beku selepas dipanaskan selama setengah jam.
In an experiment, the initial temperature of a solution is –24°C. The solution is heated such that its temperature
increases by 4°C for every 6 minutes. Determine whether the final temperature of the solution would be above the
freezing point after it is heated for half an hour.
(Takat beku/Freezing point = 0°C) Menilai

6 minit/minutes → 4°C
30
Setengah jam/Half an hour (30 minit/minutes) = ×4
6

Suhu akhir/Final temperature = –24 + 20 = –4°C
= 20°C

L
PE
Tidak. Suhu akhir larutan itu belum berada di atas takat beku selepas dipanaskan selama setengah jam.
No. The final temperature of the solution would not be above the freezing point after it is heated for half an hour.
M
SA

6 SP 1.2.6   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.3 Pecahan Positif dan Pecahan Negatif  Buku Teks: m.s. 14 – 16

A. Tentukan dan tandakan kedudukan pecahan yang diberi pada garis nombor yang berikut.
Determine and mark the positions of the given fractions on the following number lines.  SP1.3.1  TP1

NOTA
– 1 , 11 , – 5 , 2 Samakan penyebut pecahan dahulu sebelum
3 2 6 3
membandingkan nilai pecahan itu.
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Equate the denominators of the fractions first
before comparing the values of the fractions.
– ,1 ,– 5 , 4
2 3
6 6 6 6

–1 – 5 –1 0 2 11
6 3 3 2

1. 1 3 , – 5 , – 1 , 1
4 8 4 2

1 0

2. – 1 , 1 1 , 2 , – 3
6 12 3 4

B. Banding dan susun pecahan berikut mengikut tertib yang dinyatakan.

Compare and arrange the following fractions in the stated order.  SP1.3.2  TP2

1. 2. 1 ,–2 ,–3 , 7 ,– 9
– 1 , 5 , – 4 , 13 , – 1
3 6 9 18 6 2 5 4 10 20

– 6 15 – 8 13 – 3
18 18 18 18 18 20
L
10 – 8 – 15 14 – 9
20 20 20 20
PE
➁ ➄ ➀ ➃ ➂ ➁ ➂ ➄ ➀ ➃

Tertib menaik: Tertib menurun:
Ascending order: Descending order:

– 4 , – 1 , – 1 , 13 , 5 7 , 1 ,– 2 ,– 9 ,– 3
9 3 6 18 6 10 2 5 20 4
M
SA

7 SP 1.3.1   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6  SP 1.3.2   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.3 Pecahan Positif dan Pecahan Negatif  Buku Teks: m.s. 16

Hitung setiap yang berikut.

Calculate each of the following.  SP1.3.3  TP3

5 1 ÷ –1 1 + 3 3 = 5 1 ÷ – 3 + 15
   
Tukar nombor bercampur kepada pecahan tak wajar. Lakukan ÷ dahulu.
Convert the mixed numbers into improper fractions. Perform ÷ first.
8 2 4 8 2 4
41 2 15
=
8
× –
3
+
4   Tukar ÷ kepada ×. Salingan bagi –
3
2
ialah – .
2
3
41 15 3 2
=– + Change ÷ to ×. The reciprocal of – is – .
2 3
12 4
= – 41 + 45 Samakan penyebut pecahan.
12 12 Equate the denominators of the fractions.

= 4
12
= 1
3

1. –1 1 × –1 5 + 1  2. –2 3 – –2 56  ÷ 1 13
9 8 2 4
= – 10 × – 13 + 1 = – 11 – – 17  ÷ 4
9 8 2  4 6 3
10 –13 + 4 11 – –  × 3
17
=–
9
×
8   =–
4 6 4
=– 10 × – 9
  = – 11 – – 17 
9 8 4 8
5 =– 22 + 17
=
4 8 8
= 11 =–5
4 8

3. 2 1 + 4 1 × – 149  – 1 103 4. – 3 ÷ –1 1 + 2 × – 2 1
   
2 5

L
4 8 9 4
5 21
=
2
+
5
× – 149  – 13
10
=– ÷ – 3
4
9
 
8
+ 2
9
× – 9
4  
PE
= 5 + – 27  13
 – 10 =– × – 3 8
  + 2 × –9  
2 10 4 9 9 4
25 27 13 2 1
= –
10 10
–
10
=
3
+ – 
2
= – 15 = 4 – 3
10 6 6
M

= –1 1 = 1
2 6
SA

8 SP 1.3.3   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.3 Pecahan Positif dan Pecahan Negatif  Buku Teks: m.s. 17 – 18

Selesaikan masalah yang berikut.

Solve the following problems.  SP1.3.4  TP4
1. Maria dan Sheila menyertai suatu pertandingan Matematik. Sheila memperoleh 96 markah dalam
pertandingan itu. Jika 2 daripada markah Maria bersamaan dengan 1 daripada markah Sheila, hitung
5 4
jumlah markah yang diperoleh mereka dalam pertandingan itu.
Maria and Sheila took part in a Mathematics competition. Sheila obtained 96 marks in the competition. If 2 of
5
1
Maria’s marks is equal to of Sheila’s marks, calculate the total marks obtained by both of them in the competition.
4

Markah Sheila/Sheila's marks = 96

2 daripada markah Maria/ 2 of Maria's marks = 1 × 96 = 24
5 5 4
2 → 24 markah/marks
5
Markah Maria/Maria’s marks = 24 ÷ 2
5
= 24 × 5
2
= 60

Jumlah markah Maria dan Sheila/Total marks of Maria and Sheila = 60 + 96

= 156 markah/marks

2. Gaji bulanan Encik Ridzuan ialah RM6 390. Dia menggunakan 5 daripada gaji bulanannya untuk
18
makanan, 2 untuk keperluan rumahnya, 1 untuk pengangkutan, 1 untuk pendidikan anaknya dan
9 12 6
selebihnya disimpan. Cari jumlah wang yang disimpan oleh Encik Ridzuan selepas setengah tahun.
5
Encik Ridzuan’s monthly salary is RM6 390. He uses of his monthly salary on food, 2 on housing needs,
18 9
1 1
on transport, on his child’s education and the rest is for savings. Find the amount of money saved by
12 6
Encik Ridzuan after half a year. Menganalisis

Pecahan wang yang disimpan

Fraction of money saved

L
Jumlah wang yang disimpan oleh Encik Ridzuan
selepas setengah tahun
PE
Amount of money saved by Encik Ridzuan after half
=1–  185 + 29 + 121 + 16  a year

= 1 –  10 + 8 + 3 + 6  = 1 × RM6 390 × 6
36 4
= RM9 585
= 1 – 27
36
M

= 1
4
SA

9 SP 1.3.4   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.4 Perpuluhan Positif dan Perpuluhan Negatif  Buku Teks: m.s. 19 – 20

A. Nyatakan nilai P, Q and R dalam garis nombor yang berikut.

State the values of P, Q and R in the following number lines.  SP1.4.1  TP1

1. P –2.4
Q –0.3
P –1.8 –1.2 Q R R 0.9

2. P –0.16
Q –0.04
–0.24 P –0.08 Q R R 0.12

3. P –3.25
Q –2.75
P Q –2.25 –2 R –1
R –1.50

B. Susun perpuluhan yang berikut mengikut tertib yang dinyatakan.

Arrange the following decimals in the stated order.  SP1.4.2  TP2

Perpuluhan Tertib
Decimals Order

Menaik
3.7, –1.5, 0.84, –2.3, –0.62 –2.3, –1.5, –0.62, 0.84, 3.7
Ascending

Menurun
1. –4.3, 2.75, –5.6, 4.8, –3.04 4.8, 2.75, –3.04, –4.3, –5.6
Descending

Menaik
2. 1.3, –3.4, –2.07, 2.82, –2.6 –3.4, –2.6, –2.07, 1.3, 2.82
Ascending

3. –3.26, 3.78, –4.02, 3.57, –3.82

Menurun
Descending

L
3.78, 3.57, –3.26, –3.82, –4.02
PE
Menurun
4. –4.748, 4.682, –5.347, 4.502, –5.092 4.682, 4.502, –4.748, –5.092, –5.347
Descending

Menaik
5. 0.657, –0.675, 0.756, –0.765, –0.576 –0.765, –0.675, –0.576, 0.657, 0.756
Ascending
M
SA

10 SP 1.4.1   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6  SP 1.4.2   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.4 Perpuluhan Positif dan Perpuluhan Negatif  Buku Teks: m.s. 21

Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.

Solve each of the following.  SP1.4.3  TP3

1. –1.65 + (–4.6) × 1.3

Pendaraban dilakukan
dahulu. = – 1.65 + (–5.98)
–3.42 – 5.16 × (–0.5) – 0.91 Multiplication is = –1.65 – 5.98
performed first.
= –3.42 – (–2.58) – 0.91 = –7.63
= –3.42 + 2.58 – 0.91
= –0.84 – 0.91
= –1.75

2. 6.72 ÷ (–7.54 + 3.34) 3. –4.83 + (0.7 – 1.2) × 2.9

= 6.72 ÷ (–4.2) = – 4.83 + (–0.5) × 2.9
= –1.6 = – 4.83 + (– 1.45)
= – 4.83 – 1.45
= – 6.28

4. –3.8 × 1.3 – 1.06 ÷ (–0.2) 5. 7.61 + (–10.8) ÷ 2.4 – 0.65

= –4.94 – (–5.3) = 7.61 + (–4.5) – 0.65
= –4.94 + 5.3 = 7.61 – 4.5 – 0.65
= 0.36 = 2.46

6. –2.56 + 2.28 – 5.48 7. (–9.62 + 1.5) – 4.32 ÷ (–0.6)

–1.9 = –8.12 – 4.32 ÷ (–0.6)
= –2.56 + (–1.2) – 5.48 = –8.12 – (–7.2)
= –2.56 – 1.2 – 5.48 = –8.12 + 7.2
= –9.24 = –0.92

L
PE
8. –3.84 ÷ 1.6 × (1.05 – 2.4) 9. (42.6 + 17.4) ÷ (–1.2) + 2.25 × 0.8
= –3.84 ÷ 1.6 × (–1.35) = – 60 ÷ (–1.2) + 2.25 × 0.8
= –2.4 × (–1.35) = –50 + 1.8
M

= 3.24 = –48.2
SA

11 SP 1.4.3   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.4 Perpuluhan Positif dan Perpuluhan Negatif  Buku Teks: m.s. 21 – 23

Selesaikan masalah yang berikut.

Solve the following problems.  SP1.4.4  TP4 TP5

1. Suhu di kaki sebuah gunung pada suatu hari tertentu ialah 7.6°C. Suhunya menurun sebanyak 3.2°C bagi
setiap peningkatan tinggi 420 m. Jika tinggi gunung itu ialah 1 680 m, hitung
The temperature at the foot of a mountain on a certain day was 7.6°C. The temperature dropped by 3.2°C for every
420 m increase in height. If the height of the mountain is 1 680 m, calculate
(a) suhu di puncak gunung itu.
the temperature at the top of the mountain.
(b) suhu di pertengahan gunung itu.
the temperature in the middle of the mountain.

(a) Perubahan suhu (b) Suhu di pertengahan gunung

Changes in temperature The temperature in the middle of the mountain
= –3.2 × (1 680 ÷ 420) (–5.2 + 7.6) ÷ 2
= –3.2 × 4 = 2.4 ÷ 2
= –12.8°C = 1.2°C
Suhu di puncak gunung
The temperature at the top of the mountain
= 7.6 + (–12.8)
= 7.6 – 12.8
= –5.2°C

2. Jumlah harga bagi sebuah buku dan sebatang pen ialah RM12.90. Farah membayar RM66.80 untuk 6
buah buku dan 2 batang pen. Berapakah yang perlu dibayar oleh Farah jika dia membeli 3 buah buku dan
7 batang pen?
The total price of a book and a pen is RM12.90. Farah pays RM66.80 for 6 books and 2 pens. How much must
Farah pay if she buys 3 books and 7 pens?
 Menganalisis

1 buku/book + 1 pen/pen = RM12.90

6 buku/books + 6 pen/pens = 6 × RM12.90 = RM77.40
Harga 4 batang pen/Price of 4 pens = RM77.40 – RM66.80 = RM10.60
Harga sebatang pen/Price of a pen = RM10.60 ÷ 4 = RM2.65



Harga sebuah buku/Price of a book = RM12.90 – RM2.65 – RM10.25
Harga bagi 3 buah buku dan 7 batang pen/Price of 3 books and 7 pens
= 3 × RM10.25 + 7 × RM2.65
L
PE
= RM30.75 + RM18.55
= RM49.30
Farah bayar RM49.30 untuk 3 buah buku dan 7 batang pen.
Farah paid RM49.30 for 3 books and 7 pens.
M
SA

12 SP 1.4.4   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.5 Nombor Nisbah  Buku Teks: m.s. 23 – 25

A. Tandakan ‘✓’ pada nombor nisbah dan ‘✗’ pada nombor bukan nisbah. Terangkan jawapan anda.
Mark ‘✓’ for rational numbers and ‘✗’ for irrational numbers. Explain your answers.  SP1.5.1  TP2

1. 48 2. 19 3. –0.625
52 = 48
0
=–5
3 1 8
= 17 ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
3

4. – 1.6 5. 2.71828… 6. – 7 3 7. 0.11111…

3.4 5
= 1
=– 8 = – 38 9
17 ✓ ✗ 5 ✓ ✓

B. Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.

Solve each of the following.  SP1.5.2  TP3

1. –1.8 ÷ –0.3 + 2 1
 
Tukar perpuluhan kepada pecahan. Lakukan 4
–3.75 – 1 2 × (–0.9) × dahulu. 9 3
3 Convert decimal into fraction. Perform × first. = – ÷ –  + 9 
5 10 4
= – 15 – 5 × – 9  9 6 45
4
15
3
3
10 =– ÷ –
5  +
20 20 
 
Diikuti dengan –.
=– – –
= – 9 ÷ 39
Followed by –.
4 2
5 20
= – 15 + 6 GSTK bagi 4 dan 2 ialah 4.
4 4 The LCM of 4 and 2 is 4. = – × 20
9
9 5 39
=– 12
4 =–
13
= –2 1
4

2. 1 1 + (–4.4) × 5 – 0.25 3. –6.4 ÷ 8 – – 2 2 × 1 5

  4. 1 1 + 0.4 + 2.1 ÷ – 5  
2 6 9 3 16 6 9 12
= 3
2 
+ – 22
5
× 5 – 1
 6 4
=– 64
10
× 9
8
– – 8
3
21
 
×
16
L
= 7
6
+ 2.5
9
÷ – 5
12 
PE
= 3 + – 11 – 1
  = – 36 – – 7   = 7 + 5 × – 12  
2 3 4 5 2 6 18 5
18 44 3 72 35 7 2
= –
12 12 12
– =– +
10 10
=
6  
+ –
3
= – 29 = – 37 = 7 – 4
12 10 6 6
M

= –2 5 = –3 7 = 3
12 10 6
= 1
2
SA

13 SP 1.5.1   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6  SP 1.5.2   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
   1.5 Nombor Nisbah  Buku Teks: m.s. 25 – 26

Selesaikan masalah yang berikut.

Solve the following problems.  SP1.5.3  TP4 TP5

1. Dalam suatu jamuan kelas, seorang guru membeli 3 karton tin minuman. Setiap karton mengandungi
24 tin minuman. 4 daripada jumlah tin minuman diagihkan kepada murid lelaki dan 0.4 daripada tin
9
minuman yang tinggal diagihkan kepada murid perempuan. Kemudian, kesemua tin minuman yang tinggal
itu diagihkan sama rata kepada 8 orang guru. Berapakah bilangan tin minuman yang diterima oleh setiap
guru?
4
In a class party, a teacher bought 3 cartons of canned drinks. Each carton contains 24 canned drinks. of the
9
total number of canned drinks were distributed to the boys and 0.4 of the remaining canned drinks were distributed
to the girls. Then, the rest of the canned drinks were distributed equally to 8 teachers. How many canned drinks
did each teacher receive?

Jumlah bilangan tin minuman/Total number of canned drinks = 3 × 24 = 72

Bilangan tin minuman yang diterima setiap guru
Number of canned drinks received by each teacher
= 72 – 4 × 72 – 0.4 × 5 × 72
     ÷ 8
9 9
= (72 – 32 – 16) ÷ 8
= 24 ÷ 8
=3

2. Amira mempunyai RM145 di dalam akaun simpanannnya. Ibunya memberi sejumlah wang dan dimasukkan
ke dalam akaunnya sebagai ganjaran mendapat keputusan peperiksaan yang cemerlang. Dia menggunakan
2 daripada jumlah wangnya untuk membeli sebuah kalkulator dan sebuah buku kerja yang masing-
5
masing berharga RM75.60 dan RM22.40. Hitung jumlah wang yang diberi oleh ibunya.
Amira had RM145 in her savings account. Her mother gave her an amount of money and deposit into her account
2
as a reward for excellent examination results. She used of her total amount of money to buy a calculator and a
5
workbook with the cost of RM75.60 and RM22.40 respectively. Calculate the amount of money given by her mother.
 Menganalisis

Jumlah harga bagi sebuah kalkulator dan sebuah buku kerja/Total cost of a calculator and a workbook

L
= RM75.60 + RM22.40
= RM98
2 → RM98 Jumlah wang yang diberi oleh ibunya
PE
5 Amount of money given by her mother
Jumlah wang/Total amount of money = RM245 – RM145
= RM100
= RM98 ÷ 2
5
= RM98 × 5
2
M

= RM245
SA

14 SP 1.5.3   TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
 PRAKTIS PT3

  Bahagian A   Bahagian B
1. Jika n ialah satu integer negatif, yang manakah 6. (a) Isi petak dengan simbol ‘’ atau ‘’ yang
TIMSSmempunyai nilai terbesar? KLON betul.
PT3
If n is a negative integer, which has the largest value? Fill in the box with the correct symbol ‘’ or ‘’.
A 4 + n B 4 – n [1 markah/1 mark]
C 4 × n D 4 ÷ n
–8  –3
2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu garis nombor.
The diagram shows a number line. (b) Bulatkan nombor yang merupakan nombor
nisbah.
P –8 4 Q Circle the numbers which are rational numbers.
[3 markah/3 marks]
Apakah nilai P dan nilai Q?
What is the values of P and Q?
A P = –4, Q = 12 – 5 2   –4.625  3.98572…
3
B P = –9, Q = 8
C P = –10, Q = 8 24 0.33333…
D P = –12, Q = 12 0

3. Antara berikut, yang manakah benar? 7. (a) Tentukan sama ada pernyataan yang berikut
Which of the following is correct? ‘BENAR’ atau ‘PALSU’.
A 7.2  8.1 B –4.5  3.4 Determine whether the following statements is
C –6.3  5.8 D –3.6  –4.9 ‘TRUE’ or ‘FALSE’.
[2 markah/2 marks]
4. Apabila – 3 , – 3 , – 3 , – 3 , – 3 disusun semula (i) Hasil bahagi dua integer
5 8 4 10 7 negatif ialah integer
mengikut tertib menaik. Apakah pecahan keempat PALSU
negatif. FALSE
dalam urutan itu? The quotient of two negative
3 3 3 3 3 integers is a negative integer.
When – , – , – , – , – are rearranged in
5 8 4 10 7
ascending order. What is the fourth fraction in the (ii) Setiap integer ialah nombor
sequence? nisbah. BENAR

L
Every integer is a rational
A – 3 B – 3 number.
TRUE
5 7
C – 3 D – 3 (b) Isi dengan nombor yang sesuai.
PE
8 10
Fill in with a suitable number.
5. Antara berikut, yang manakah langkah pengiraan [2 markah/2 marks]
yang betul bagi –1 1 – 0.25 ÷ 1 7 ? (i) 18 + 19 + 12 = 18 + 12 + 19
5 8
Which of the following has the correct step of
M

1 7
calculation for –1 – 0.25 ÷ 1 ? (ii) 3 × 599 = 3 × ( 600 – 1)
5 8
A – 5 – 1 × 8 B – 6 – 1 × 8
6 4 15 5 4 15
SA

C – 5 – 1 × 15 D – 6 – 4 × 15
6 4 8 5 1 8

15
   Bahagian C – 2 1 × 0.3 + 1 1 ÷ 2
2 4
8. (a) (i) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu garis
KLON nombor. =–5 × 3 + 5 × 1
PT3
2 10 4 2
The diagram shows a number line. 3 5
=– +
–2.5 –1 0 1 2 1
4 8
=– + 5
6
1 2
2 2
Nyatakan integer positif dan integer 8 8
negatif berdasarkan rajah di atas. =– 1
State the positive integer and negative integer 8
based on the diagram.
[2 markah/2 marks] (c) Seorang petani menggunakan 1 daripada
KLON
6
Integer positif
tanahnya untuk menanam nanas, 5 untuk
PT3
1, 2
Positive integer 9
menanam durian dan selebihnya 48.5 ekar
Integer negatif
–1, –2 untuk menanam sayur-sayuran. Hitung luas
Negative integer
tanah yang digunakan untuk menanam nanas
(ii) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah dan durian.
1
kotak yang mengandungi bola-bola A farmer uses of his land to plant pineapples,
6
bernombor. 5
The diagram shows a box containing to plant durians and the remaining 48.5 acres
9
numbered balls. to plant vegetables. Calculate the area of land
used to plant pineapples and durians.
[4 markah/4 marks]
4 –1
–1 5
Pecahan tanah yang digunakan untuk
–1 2 –2.7 12 –5 –3.8 menanam sayur-sayuran
3
Fraction of land used to plant vegetables
Cari hasil darab integer terbesar dan =1– 1 – 5
integer terkecil. 6 9
Find the product of the largest integer and = 18 – 3 – 10
the smallest integer. 18
[2 markah/2 marks] = 5
18
12 × (–5) = –60 5 → 48.5 ekar/acres

18


L
Jumlah luas tanah/Total area of land
= 48.5 ÷ 5
PE
18
= 48.5 × 18
5
= 174.6 ekar/acres
(b) Hitung –2 1 × 0.3 + 1 1 ÷ 2. Ungkapkan
2 4 Luas tanah yang digunakan untuk menanam
jawapan sebagai pecahan.
1 1 nanas dan durian
M

Calculate –2 × 0.3 + 1 ÷ 2. Express the Area of land used to plant pineapples and durians
2 4
answer as a fraction. = 174.6 – 48.5
[2 markah/2 marks] = 126.1 ekar/acres
SA

16