Creating the great business leaders

Qualitative and Quantitative Research

 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis
School of Economic and Business

Telkom University

Stages of the Research Process

Problem Discovery Discovery and
and Definition Definition

Research and so on
Design Conclusions and
Report

Sampling
Data Processing
and Analysis
Data
Gathering

2 Creating the great business leaders

 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis
School of Economic and Business

Telkom University

Tahapan Penelitian Kuantitatif

1. Identifikasi Masalah, Pemilihan Masalah,
Perumusan Masalah, dan Judul Penelitian
2. Penelaahan Kepustakaan
3. Kerangka Konseptual
4. Hipotesis Penelitian
5. Klasifikasi dan Definisi Operasional
6. Pemilihan Instrumen
7. Rancangan Penelitian
8. Penentuan Sampel
9. Pengumpulan Data
10. Analisis Data
11. Interpretasi Hasil
12. Kesimpulan
13. Laporan Penelitian

3 Creating the great business leaders

 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis
School of Economic and Business

Telkom University

Tahapan Penelitian Kualitatif

1. Identifikasi Masalah, Pemilihan

Masalah, Perumusan Masalah, dan
Judul Penelitian
2. Penelaahan Kepustakaan
3. Subyek Penelitian
4. Pengumpulan Data
5. Analisis Data
6. Interpretasi Hasil
7. Kesimpulan
8. Laporan Penelitian

4 Creating the great business leaders

 KUANTITATIF KUALITATIF

Populasi Seluruh obyek Subyek

Kesimpulan Generalisasi Transferability
Sampel Besar sampel Tidak menuntut besar
sampel
Sampling Probabilitas Non probabilitas
Disain Spesifik Umum
Tujuan Menguji hipotesis Menemukan hipotesis
Data Kuantitatif & kuali- Deskriptif
tatif
Instrumen Angket Peneliti dg peralatan
Analisis Data Statistika inferensial Non Statistika inferensial

KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN
KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF (1)
 KUANTITATIF KUALITATIF

Hub dg responden Berjarak Sangat dekat

Terminal penelitian Sesudah data terkumpul Data jenuh
Validitas & reliabi- Uji Statistika Triangulasi
litas
Obyektifitas Obyektif Subyektif
Variabel Klasifikasi & definisi Tidak
operasional
Hub. variabel Sebab akibat Interaktif
Rumusan masalah Spesifik & jelas Sementara
Literatur Sebagai pegangan Sementara
Disain Spesifik & rinci Umum & fleksibel

KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN
KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF (2)
 KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN
KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF (3)
Dimension Qualitative Quantitative
Purpose Exploratory Descriptive or Causal
Types of Questions Probing Limited Probing
Sample Size Small Large
Info per Respondent Substantial Varies
Type of Analysis Subjective Statistical
Ability to Replicate Low High
Researcher PSYC, SOC, STATS, MKTG
Training. MKTG, CB Research,
Decision Models
Exploratory Research

 Penelitian pendahuluan yang bertujuan

untuk mengklarifikasi dan
mendefinisikan jenis permasalahan

◦ Does not provide conclusive evidence

◦ Many types of research methods available
◦ Subsequent research expected
Why Conduct Exploratory
Research?
Diagnose a situation

Screening of alternatives

Discover new ideas

Qualitative Research
 Advantages
◦ Usually less expensive
◦ Often data collection can take place quickly (e.g.,
focus groups)
◦ Enable us to better understand intangible
phenomenon (e.g., motives, attitudes, feelings)
◦ Helps identify and clarify problems and opportunities

 Disadvantages
◦ Non-representative samples
◦ Not generalizable to population
◦ Subjective interpretation
◦ Rarely provide quantitative measures for statistical tests
Experience Surveys

 Ask knowledgeable individuals about a

particular research problem
Secondary Data Analysis

 Data collected for a purpose other than

the project at hand
 Economical
 Quick source for background information
 Can be qualitative or quantitative
Case Study Method

 Intensely investigates one or a few

situations similar to the problem
 Investigate in depth
 Careful study
 May require cooperation
Focus Group Interviews
 Unstructured
 Free flowing
 Group interview
 Start with broad topic
and focus in on specific
issues
 To learn and understand
what people have to say
 Requires skilled
moderator
Survey Research
Metode pengumpulan data dengan
menggunakan instrumen untuk meminta
tanggapan dari responden . Survey Research
(Penelitian Survei), tidak melakukan perubahan
(tidak ada perlakuan khusus) terhadap variabel
yang diteliti.

Pada Dasarnya Survai terdiri atas:

1. Wawancara
2. Kuesioner
TIME PERIOD FOR SURVEYS

 CROSS-SECTIONAL
 LONGITUDINAL
 PANEL DATA
Cross-sectional study

 A study in which various segments of a

population are sampled.
 Data are collected at a single moment in
time.
Contoh :
Studi yang menggunakan data dari para broker saham selama
bulan april-juni tahunl lalu untuk mempelajari pendapat
mereka mengenai pasar saham yang bergejolak.
Longitudinal study
 A survey of respondents at different
times, thus allowing analysis of changes
over time.
 Tracking study - compare trends and
identify changes

Contoh :
Studi yang mempelajari perilaku karyawan sebelum dan
sesudah pergantian manajemen puncak, untuk mengetahui
pengaruh dari pergantian tersebut.
SKALA DATA
SKALA CIRI-CIRI CONTOH
Rasio - Absolut -Berat (kg)
- Jenjang -Tinggi (cm)
- Interval -Luas (ha)
- Nominal -Produktivitas (unit)
Interval - Interval -Suhu (derajat)
- Urutan

- Nominal
-Nilai (mentah)

Ordinal - Jenjang -Nilai Mutu

- Nominal -Hasil lomba

Nominal - Kategori -Jenis agama

-Jenis kelamin
-Jenis
3/6/2016pekerjaan
20