RINGKASAN MATERI

KOMPETENSI DASAR 3.5

EXPLANATION TEXT (TEKS EKSPLANASI/PENJELASAN)
A. DEFINITION (PENGERTIAN)
DEFINITION OF EXPLANATION TEXT (pengertian explanation text):
EXPLANATION TEXT IS a non-fiction text that is used to describe HOW or WHY a
certain phenomenon happen.
(Teks eksplanation adalah teks non fiksi yang digunakan untuk
menggambarkan/menjelaskan/memaparkan bagaimana dan mengapa sesuatu
(fenomena/peristiwa) itu terjadi)

It is usually includes a sequence of events (explaining how) and provides reasons for a
process or phenomenon (Why)
(Biasanya terdiri atas urutan kejadian (yang menjelaskan/memaparkan bagaimana) dan
menyajikan/memberikan alasan/sebab mengapa hal tersebut terjadi (mengapa/sebab)

Secara singkat teks explanasi (explanation text) adalah teks yang memberikan
penjelasan secara jelas.

B. TYPES (TIPE-TIPE)
Types of explanation text (tipe-tipe teks eksplanasi):
a. Sequential Explanation
b. Cause and Effect Explanation
a. Sequential Explanation
Sequential Explanation is explanation text that describe natural and non-natural
phenomena.
(Sequential Explanation adalah teks eksplanasi yang memaparkan tentang
fenomena alam yang terjadi karena memang proses alam atau
fenomena/kejadian yang terjadi karena ciptaan manusia/bukan proses alam
Example (Contoh)
1. Life cycle
2. How Does Rain Happen
3. Sun rise
4. Tornadoes
5. Thunder
6. Water cycle
7. etc
b. Cause and Effect Explanation
Cause and Effect Explanation is explanation text that links cause and effect in
explaining how and why an event occured.
(Cause and Effect Explanation adalah teks explanasi yang berhubungan dengan
sebab dan akibat mengapa hal/kejadian tersebut terjadi)
Example (Contoh)
1. HVolcanoes
2. Earthquakes
3. SOCIAL FUNCTION (FUNGSI SOSIAL )
Social function of explanation text is to describe how or why a certain phenomenon
happens
(Fungsi sosial dari teks explanasi adalah untuk memaparkan/menjelaskan bagaimana
dan mengapa fenomena tertentu bisa terjadi)

4. GENERAL STRUCTURE (STRUKTUR UMUM)

General structure of explanation text (struktur umum dari teks explanasi):
1. General statement (pernyataan umum)
Dalam general statement ini yang ditulis adalah pernyataan atau kalimat pembuka.
Isinya berupa pengenalan singkat terkait fenomena yang dibahas atau berupa
penjelasan umum tentang peristiwa tersebut. Bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena
tersebut atau penjelasannya
2. Explanation/sequenced explanation (penjelasan/urutan penjelasan terhadap
kejadian/fenomena)
Bagian ini menjelaskan suatu fenomena secara detail dan logis. Setelah kalimat
pembuka, dalam beberapa paragraf selanjutnya berisi tentang penjelasan terhadap
proses bagaimana atau mengapa sesuatu dapat terjadi. Dalam bagian ini penulis
dapat menulis lebh dari satu paragraf. Disebut juga sebagai sequenced explanation,
berupa jawaban dari pertanyaan mengapa fenomena tersebut terjadi dan bagaimana
fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau tercipta. Oleh karena itu, sequenced explanation
bisa lebih dari satu paragraf.
3. Conclusion (kesimpulan)
Paragraf berisi kesimpulan atau penutup. Kamu juga bisa menuliskan tanggapan,
kesan, pendapat atau pandanganmu terhadap sesuatu yang telah dijelaskan
sebelumnya menjadi sebuah kesimpulan.

5. LANGUAGE FEATURE (UNSUR KEBAHASAAN)

Language feature unsur kebahasaan yang digunakan dalam explanation text atau teks
eksplanasi adalah:
1. Ditulis dalam Simple present tense (bentuk waktu sekarang yang sederhana)
2. Technical term (istilah teknis)
3. Passive voice (kalimat passive)
4. Action verbs (kata kerja)
1. Simple present tense:
Dikatakan menggunakan simple present tense atau bentuk waktu sekarang
yang simple karena teks explanation menjelaskan tentang fakta yang terjadi,
atau kejadian yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang seperti terbentuknya hujan,
terbentuknya salju, bagaimana berinteraksi dengan media social, dan lain
sebagainya. Itulah sebabnya teks ini menggunakan simple present tense.
2. Technical term (istilah teknik)
Merujuk pada istilah-istilah teknis terkait fenomena yang dibahas. Contohnya
jika kita membahas tentang hujan maka biasa kita menggunakan istilah
precipitation, condensation, evaporation, dll. Begitupun jika kita membahas
tentang gunung meletus maka kita akan temukan istilah seperti volcano,
magma, volcanic ash.
 3. Passive voice (kalimat pasive)
Kalimat pasif yaitu kalimat yang menggunakan to be present seperti am, is, are
dan diikuti dengan kata kerja bentuk ke 3 (Verb 3). Contoh: are formed, is
called, etc
4. Action verb (kata kerja):
Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja bentuk pertama. contoh: do,
crack, builds, dll.
CONTOH TEKS EKSPLANATION
1. Analyzing about general structure and language feature of the water cycle text:
The Water Cycle Simple present

Water is an essential part of life. The earth has a limited amount of water,
General
however, water is continually recycled in a process called the water cycle. It is
Statement
made up of four main parts: precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, and
condensation.
Technical
terms
Passive voice

To begin with, precipitation occurs when so much water has formed that the air
cannot hold it any longer. The clouds become heavier and as a result, water falls
back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet, or snow.

When water falls back to the earth as precipitation, it may fall back into the
oceans, lakes, or rivers or it may end up on land. When it ends up on land, it soaks
into the earth and is stored as groundwater. This process is called infiltration.
Action Verb

Explanation/ Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, or oceans and turns it
Sequenced into vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam leaves the river, lake, or ocean and
explanation
goes into the air. This stage is called evaporation.

The water vapor cools and this leads to clouds forming. However, the clouds are
unable to hold the water vapor for a long. As a result, rain droplets form and it
starts to rain. This process is called condensation.

Conclusion Eventually, the water cycle begins again.

Picture 1
2. Social function of the text is to describe about the water cycle.
Artinya
Siklus Air

Air adalah bagian penting dari kehidupan. Bumi memiliki jumlah air yang terbatas, namun air terus didaur ulang dalam proses
yang disebut siklus air. Ini terdiri dari empat bagian utama: presipitasi, infiltrasi, evaporasi, dan kondensasi.

Pertama-tama, presipitasi terjadi ketika begitu banyak air telah terbentuk sehingga udara tidak dapat menahannya lebih lama
lagi. Awan menjadi lebih berat dan akibatnya, air jatuh kembali ke bumi dalam bentuk hujan, hujan es, hujan es, atau salju.

Ketika air jatuh kembali ke bumi sebagai presipitasi, mungkin jatuh kembali ke lautan, danau, atau sungai atau mungkin berakhir
di darat. Ketika berakhir di darat, ia meresap ke dalam bumi dan disimpan sebagai air tanah. Proses ini disebut infiltrasi.

Penguapan adalah ketika matahari memanaskan air di sungai, danau, atau lautan dan mengubahnya menjadi uap atau uap. Uap
air atau uap meninggalkan sungai, danau, atau laut dan pergi ke udara. Tahap ini disebut penguapan.

Uap air mendingin dan ini menyebabkan pembentukan awan. Namun, awan tidak mampu menahan uap air dalam waktu lama.
Akibatnya, tetesan hujan terbentuk dan mulai turun hujan. Proses ini disebut kondensasi.
Akhirnya, siklus air dimulai lagi.
 Contoh lain

Text 1

Flooding

Flooding is a disaster which commonly happens in large and densely populated cities. In Indonesia,
the floods hit Jakarta very often and cause many victims. Then, do you know the process of how
flood happens? Pay attention to the following explanation.

The process of natural flooding is preceded by rain which falls to the surface of the earth. Then the
rain water is absorbed by the ground surface and flows to the lower place. Once that condition
happens, evaporation and the water appear to the surface of the land. Flooding can be disastrous for
humans when floods happen in an area that people live because the water carries along objects like
houses, bridges, cars, furniture and even people.

On the other hand, the process of non natural flooding is usually caused by bad habits of humans
who do not care about the environment, such as littering that can make water flow clogged. This
makes the water deposited in landfills which gradually becomes more common. When water
reservoirs can no longer hold water discharge, the water then overflows out theland and cause
flooding.

Text 2

How is Snow Made?

We all agree that the snowfall is always fascinating. In the snowfall, all people stay out of the house
and play with the snow. People can make giant snowmen, trample along the snow, or play with
snowballs with their families. However, are you curious about how snow is made?

Snow is water droplets falling from the clouds. These droplet waters then become solid and create
snow. It happens because rain consists of water vapor particles being cooled in the air.

Snow happens when water vapor piled up in the earth’s atmosphere freezes. It happens before they
turn into water droplets. This process occurs when the temperature in the cloud becomes very frigid.

Snowflakes are created by crystals of ice that have established around a little filth in the air. They
then grow from small forms into big one. The form of snowflakes is varied. They can consist of 200
crystals maximum.
 ASSIGNMENT 1 (TUGAS 1)

1. Make an analyzing about general structure and language feature of the text How do Fish
Breathe!

See example on picture 1 (lihat contoh di gambar 1)

2. What is teh social function of the text ?

How Do Fish Breathe

All animals breathe just like humans. How they breathe, however, varies. Breathe by inhaling
oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide as waste. Air flows in through the human’s nose or mouth
into the lungs where oxygen is transported through the blood to the rest of the human body.
Humans need air to breathe. So, what does that mean for animals that live in the water?

Like humans, fish also need oxygen and emit carbon dioxide to survive. But using the lungs,
these creatures that live in water use organs called gills. The gills are organs located on the
sides of the fish’s head. These gills have many small blood vessels called capillaries.

When the fish opens, the water will flow over the gills. After that, the blood in the capillaries will
pick up oxygen that is soluble in water. The blood then moves through the fish’s body to
provide oxygen throughout the body, just like in humans.

All bony fish also have a bony plate called an operculum. This operculum is useful for opening
and closing to protect the gills. Breathing underwater is difficult. The air we breathe has an
oxygen concentration of 200,000 parts per million.

Whereas water only has a concentration of 4 to 8 parts per million. This means fish need to
flow a lot of water over their gills to get the amount of oxygen to survive. In addition, the gills
are very useful for extracting the oxygen needed by fish.

Breathing becomes more difficult as the oxygen concentration decreases. Low levels of
oxygen concentration make it impossible for animals to survive. Although it can occur
naturally, it can also be created by human activity.

When pollution is high, such as waste dumped into the sea, this will cause algae blooms which
then die and decompose. Furthermore, it will cause the zone to have a low oxygen
concentration level of oxygen.

Fish need clean water to breathe. Similarly, humans need clean air to breathe. Humans can
help these gilled creatures to thrive by keeping their habitat free of pollutants.

Answer: ......................................

...................................

..................... (jawabannya tulis di buku tulis dan jawab sesuai dengan contoh
yang diberikan pada gambar 1)
 ASSIGNMENT 2 (TUGAS 2)

How Does Covid-19 Spread?

People in the world are shocked by the emergence of COVID-19. This virus becomes a pandemic
that has contaminated people all around the world. COVID-19 is a very infectious disease caused by
a new kind of coronavirus. Is it dangerous? How can it spread to humans?

Firstly, the virus is supposed to spread primarily from person to person. These viruses can spread
between persons who are in contact approximately in about 6 feet.

Secondly, COVID-19 can also range via respiratory dewdrops produced while an infected person
coughs or sneezes. These drops can land in the noses or mouths of persons who are nearby. Or
they can feasibly be inhaled into the lungs.

Thirdly, it is spread by any human interaction with infected objects or surfaces. It may be likely that a
person can catch up COVID-19 by touching objects devouring the virus. Then they drop the virus into
their own nose, mouth, or eyes.

How easily a virus blowout from person to person can vary. These viruses are highly spreadable.
Therefore, we have to be alert and keep following health protocols.

ANSWER QUESTION BELOW!

1. What is covid 19?

2. How is the spread of the virus primarily?

3. How far does the corona virus spread between persons who are in contact approximately?

4. Do you think Covid-19 is dangerous? Why?