TUGAS MENGEMBANGKAN BAHAN AJAR

Satuan Pendidikan : SMK MA’ARIF NU TIRTO

Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/Semester : XI / Ganjil
Tahun Pelajaran : 2019/2020
Materi : Explanation Text and Passive Voice

Oleh

Ika Nofi Indriawati, S.Pd

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 Explanation text and passive voice

A. Kompetensi Dasar dan Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi (IPK)

KOMPETENSI DASAR DAN IPK DARI KI 3
3.19 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi
teks, dan unsure kebahasaan teks 3.19.1 Mengidentifikasi kalimat passive voice
interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis 3.19.2 Mengidentifikasi Bagian-bagian text
yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan explanation
meminta informasi terkait keadaan 3.19. 3 Memahami text explanation dalam
/tindakan/ kegiatan/ kejadian tanpa kehidupan sehari-hari
perlu menyebutkan pelakunya
dalam teks ilmiah, sesuai dengan
konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan
unsur kebahasaan passive voice)
KOMPETENSI DASAR DAN IPK DARI KI 4
4.19 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi
lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan 4.19.1 Menyusun teks explanation
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait 4.19. 2 Mendemonstrasikan text explanation
keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian
tanpa perlumenyebutkan pelakunya
dalamteks ilmiah, dengan
memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur
teks, dan unsure kebahasaan yang benar
dan sesuai konteks

B. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Melalui tahapan pembelajaran model pembelajaran Active Learning, dengan metode diskusi
kelompok, tanya jawab, penugasan, peserta didik mampu:
1. Mengidentifikasi Bagian-bagian explanation text dengan teliti
2. Memahami text explanation dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan benar
3. Menyusun teks explanation dengan cermat
4. Mendemonstrasikan teks explanation dengan tepat dan dengan tanggung jawab

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 Definition of Explanation Text
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It
is often found in science, geography and history text books.

 Purpose of Explanation Text

a. Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and
cultural phenomena.
b. To explain how or why something happens.

 Generic Structure of Explanation Text

b. General statement
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
c. Sequenced of explanation
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena. (why or how
something occurs)

 Language Features of Explanation Text

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below:
a. Using simple present tense
b. Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
c. Using Passive voice
d. Using Action verbs
e. Containing explanation of the process.

 Example of Explanation Text

Text 1: Rainy Day

How does Rain Happen?

A text describing how a rain happens is best example of explanation text, image at commons.wikimedia.org

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Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for
diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun
heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into
the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The
droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain
or snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called
virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

Source: http://mypages.iit.edu/~smart/abduima/lesson2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain

Generic Structure of Explanation Text about How rain Happens
As in the previous post, that mostly explanation text are organized in the structural elements of General
Statement and followed with Sequenced Explanation. Here is the pattern of explanation text structure!
1. Paragraph for confirming the General Statements which contains information the topic of the text.
What is the text about?
Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world
2. Some paragraphs for describing in sequenced explanation which expose the process in detail, how or
why
The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the
surface water to evaporate.
The water vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere.
The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses
The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth

Text 2: Why Summer Daylight is Longer than Winter Daylight

Answering the question “why is daylight in summer longer than in winter?” is an example of explanation text

In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as
much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.

The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for
thinking that this cannot be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.

It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that
we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that
we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.

This text sample on explanation is taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk

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 1. Generic Structure Analysis on Explanation Text about Why Question
a. General statement; stating the phenomenon which daylight in summer is longer than in winter.
b. Explanation; it is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of
the earth from the sun.
2. Language Feature Analysis on Explanation Text about Why Question
a. Focusing generic participant; daylight.
b. Using chronological connection; then, so, but.
c. Using passive voice; you would be forgiven.
d. Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.

Text 3: How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions.
Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it
occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden
release of energy causes the seismic waves. It makes the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two
plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don’t just slide smoothly. The rocks are
still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the
pressure that’s built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to
move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the
earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

The text about how earthquake happens is mainly taken from: www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/why.html
Generic Structure
1. General Statement:
Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?
2. Sequenced Explanation:
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault.
During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue
to move until they get stuck again.

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Text 4: Flood

General Statement:
Flooding is a natural phenomenon that usually happens in a lot of areas drained by the river flow. In
simple terms, it can be defined as the presence of flood water in a vast region that covers the area of the
earth’s surface.
Sequenced of explanations:
Flooding process itself occurs when the rains come and cause water sources such as rivers, seas, lakes,
and ditches no longer able to accommodate the water drop. The barren land covered with trees without
overflowing water will speed up the process of proficiency level, because the trees that should absorb the
water have been used as a furniture material. When the water source is no longer able to accommodate,
the water will overflow and flow into residential areas and have a big impact. Nowadays, flood is an
annually happening in some big cities in Indonesia, especially Jakarta.
Closing:
So, that’s the explanation of flood and how does it happen.

PASSIVE VOICE

 Passive voice is a type of sentence or clause in which the subject receives the action of the verb
 Pattern:
Subject + tobe (is/am/are) + Past Participle (PP)/V3

N
EXAMPLE OF
TENSES PATTERN
O SENTENCES

1 Simple Present Is/am/are + V3 Is created

2 Present Continuous Is/am/are being +V3 Is being created
3 Simple Past Was/were + V3 Was created
4 Past Continuous Was/were being + V3 Was being created
5 Present Perfect Has/have been + V3 Has been created
6 Simple Future Will be + V3 Will be created
7 Future Continuous Is/am/are + V3 Is going to be created
8 Future Perfect Will have been +V3 Will have been created

Example:
NO ACTIVE PASSIVE
1 They called off the meeting The meeting was called off
2 His grandmother looked after him He was looked after by his grandmother
3 They will send him away to school He will be sent away to school