Adam Smith (1776) “An inquiry Into The Nature and Causes of The
Wealth of Nations” (The Wealth of Nations).
1. Pendekatan Produksi
2. Pendekatan Pengeluaran
3. Pendekatan Pendapatan
PERUSAHAAN RUMAH
TANGGA
PASAR BARANG
PENDAPATAN PERUSAHAAN
Y=C+I
SIRKULASI AKTIVITAS EKONOMI MAKRO MODERN DUA SEKTOR
(KEYNES)
KONSUMSI PERUS
SEBAGAI PDTN RT
PERUSAHAAN RUMAH
TANGGA
KONSUMSI RT
SEBAGAI PDTN TABUNGAN
INVESTAS
I PERUS
Y=C+I
4. Fungsi investasi
Y = C + I + G + (X – M)
Keseibangan Output
AE = Y = C + I
= a + bY + I0 C = a + bY
= a + I0 + bY
= A + bY A = a + I0
Y = AE
Y =C+I
= a + bY + I0
= a + I0 + bY
= A + bY
Y – bY = A
(1-b)Y = A
𝐴 𝑎+𝐼
Y=
(1−𝑏)
= (1−𝑏)
Fungsi konsumsi dan fungsi tabungan:
Konsumsi
Y=C
60 C
540
180
360
240
90
0
360 600 Pendapatan Nasional
Tabungan
S
60
-90
Y=C+S
∆𝐶
MPC =
∆𝑌
∆𝑆
MPS =
∆𝑌
MPC + MPS = 1
∆𝑌 ∆𝐶 ∆𝑆
∆Y = ∆C + ∆S dibagi dengan ∆Y = ∆𝑌 +
∆𝑌 ∆𝑌
1 = MPC + MPS
𝐶
APC =
𝑌
𝑆
APS =
𝑌
APC + APS = 1
𝑌 𝐶 𝑆
Y = C + S dibagi dengan Y =𝑌+
𝑌 𝑌
1 = APC + APS
6. Perhitungan Fungsi Konsumsi Dalam Perekonomian Tertutup
Sederhana Dua Sektor
Y=C+I
C = a + cY
∆𝐶
C = MPC =
∆𝑌
C = (APCn – MPC)Yn + MPC.Y
𝐶𝑛
APCn =
𝑌𝑛
Y=Y
Fungsi Konsumsi
C
Yn – APCn.Yn
C = a + cY
MPC.Y
a n
APCn.Yn
a
45o
0 Yn Y
a = (APCn – MPC).Yn
C = (APC – MPC)Yn + MPC.Y
Dik. a. Y = 100
C = 95
b. Y = 120
C = 110
Hitung: a. Fungsi konsumsi
b. Break Even Point
c. Fungsi saving
Jawab:
∆𝐶
a) MPC = = 110 -95/120 – 100
∆𝑌
15
= = 0,75
20
𝐶 95
APC = = = 0,95
𝑌 100
C = (APCn - MPC)Yn + MPC.Y
= (0,95 - 0,75)100 + 0,75Y
= (0,20)100 + 0,75Y
C = 20 + 0,75 Y
b) Y = C Y-C=0
Y- (20 + 0,75Y) = 0
Y- 0,75Y – 20 = 0
Y- 0,75Y = 20
(1- 0,75)Y = 20
1 1
Y= (20) = (20)
1−0,75 0,25
= 4 (20) = 80
c) Fungsi Saving
S=Y–C
C = a + cY
S = Y – (a + cY)
= Y – a – cY
C = 20 + 0,75Y
S = (1 – c)Y – a
= (1- 0,75)Y – 20
S = 0,25 Y – 20
Y = 80
S = 0,25(80) – 20
= 20 – 20 = 0
C = 20 + 0,75 (Y)
= 20 + 0,75 (80)
= 20 + 60
= 80
S=Y–C
= 80 – 80 = 0
d) Keadaan Ekuilibrium
Y=C–S
S=I
Y=C+I
C = a + cY
Maka:
Y = a + cY + I
Y – cY = a + I
(1-c)Y = a + I
Y = 1/1-c (a + I)
Dik: a. Fungsi Konsumsi
C = 0,75 Y + 20
b. Investasi
I = 40
Hitung: a. Pendapatan (Y)
b. Konsumsi (c)
c. Tabungan (S)
Jawab:
a. Y = C + I
= 0,75Y + 20 + 40
Y – 0,75 Y = 20 + 40
Y = 1/0,25 (60)
= 4 (60)
= 240
b. C = 0,75Y + 20
= 0,75(240) + 20
= 180 + 20
= 200
c. S = 0,25 Y – 20
= 0,25 (240) - 20
= 60 – 20
= 40
S=Y–C
= 240 – 200
= 40 S=I
C Y=Y
C + I = 20 + 0,75 Y + 40
C = 20 + 0,75Y
60
S = - 20 + 0,25Y
40 I = 40
20 a
45o
0 240 Y
80
-20
-S
TUGAS:
1. Dik. a. Y = 100
C = 95
b. Y = 125
C = 115
Hitung: a. Fungsi konsumsi
d. Break Even Point
e. Fungsi saving
2. Dik. a. Y = 100
C = 95
b. Y = 150
C = 130
Hitung: a. Fungsi konsumsi
f. Break Even Point
g. Fungsi saving