Volcanoes have several types, such as

Strato volcano is a mountain that has a high and conical shape.

shield volcano that has a shape like Cuba and

Maar volcano, which has a crater.

Based on their activity, volcanoes are divided into 3 categories, namely: Active volcanoes
are volcanoes that are still working.Inactive volcano is a mountain that has had no record of
erupting since 1600 and Resting volcanoes are volcanoes that erupt from time to time and
then take a long break, but despite different classifications, the process of volcanic eruptions
still involves the same factors.

tiga istilah penting dalam proses ini yaitu

tekanan litostatik

tekanan magma statik

dan juga kekuatan batuan

tekanan litostatik adalah sebuah tekanan vertikal yang disebabkan oleh berat sedimen di atasnya.
tekanan litostatik adalah tekanan yang diberikan oleh permukaan bumi pada tiap lapisan. jika
semakin besar gunungnya maka tekanan likostatik nya juga makin besar.

tekanan magma statik adalah tekanan yang disebabkan oleh magma, karena magma ini berbentuk
dari berbagai senyawa dan juga material yang sangat panas maka magma membentuk gelembung
panas. akibat sifat gelembung yang ke atas maka tekanan magma Static ini naik di atas.

setelah mendapat tekanan dari atas oleh tekanan litostatik dan tekanan dari bawah oleh tekanan
magma Static timbullah kekuatan batuan yang berada di tengah-tengah jika tekanannya masih bisa
ditahan maka batuan yang berada di tengah akan menjadi semakin kuat namun Kalau tekanan
magma lebih kuat maka batuannya akan jadi lebur dan bertekstur seperti lumpur.

proses gunung api meletus disebabkan oleh satu hal yaitu berkurangnya tekanan litostatik yang
akhirnya tidak bisa menahan tekanan magma Static . beberapa batuan yang berada di dekat inti
bumi akan mulai mencair batuan mencair ini yang kemudian kita kenal dengan nama magma

magma yang bersifat ringan ketimbang batuan lainnya maka akan berjalan naik dan menuju ke
lapisan kerak bumi . tekanan inilah yang akan berhasil mendobrak dinding batuan yang menahan
magma dan akan keluar dari kerak bumi Hal ini kita kenal dengan nama erupsi biasanya Kejadian ini
yang membuat gunungapi memuntahkan material berbahayanya mulai dari abu vulkanik lava panas
hingga batuan besar.
There are three important terms in this process:

lithostatic pressure

Static magma pressure

and also the strength of rock.

Lithostatic pressure is the vertical pressure caused by the weight of the sediment above it.
Lithostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by the earth's surface on each layer. The bigger the
mountain, the greater the lycostatic pressure.

Static magma pressure is the pressure caused by magma because this magma is formed from
various compounds and also very hot material, so the magma forms hot bubbles. Due to the
nature of the bubbles upwards, the pressure of this static magma rises above.

After being under pressure from above by lithostatic pressure and pressure from below by
static magma pressure, the strength of the rock in the middle arises. If the pressure can still be
held, then the rock in the middle will become stronger, but if the magma pressure is stronger,
then the rock will become melted and textured like mud.

The process of volcanic eruptions is caused by one thing, namely reduced lithostatic pressure,
which ultimately cannot withstand static magma pressure. Some rocks that are near the
earth's core will begin to melt. This melted rock, which we then know as magma,

Magma that is lighter than other rocks will then move up and towards the earth's crust. This
pressure will succeed in breaking through the rock walls that hold the magma and it will
come out of the earth's crust. This is known as an eruption. Usually, this procces causes a
volcano to spit out hazardous materials ranging from volcanic ash, hot lava, and large rocks.

Parts of magma
Crater- Also known as a cone, it is the mouth of the volcano. In addition to the cone,
volcanic activity can also lead to circular, basin-shaped depressions forming in the Earth.

Magma - Molten rock beneath Earth's surface.

Lava - Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools
Ash - Fragments of lava or rock smaller than 2 milimeters in size that are blasted into the air
by volcanic explosions.
Throat - Entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and volcanic ash.
Sill - A flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack in a volcano