MANAJEMEN
RESIKO
Sharing By
Ir. Ulul Azmi,S.T.,IPP
Menjelaskan Konsep
Dalam Melakukan
Manajemen Resiko dan
Menganalisa Kecelakaan
4
TUJUAN
MANAJEMEN RESIKO
MANAJEMEN
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Manajemen “mungkin” berasal dari bahasa
Italia (1561) maneggiare yang berarti
"mengendalikan“Source : Wikipedia
Pengertian Manajemen
Menurut Beberapa Pakar 10
HAZARD/ BAHAYA
11
Perbedaan Bahaya dan Resiko
12
BAHAYA RESIKO
Sumber, situasi atau tindakan yang berpotensi Kombinasi dari kemungkinan terjadinya kejadian
menciderai manusia atau sakit penyakit atau kombinasi berbahaya atau paparan dengan keparahan suatu cidera
dari semuanya (OHSAS 18001:2007 klausul 3.6) atau penyakit yang dapat disebabkan oleh kejadian atau
paparan tersebut (OHAS 18001: 2007 Klausul 3.21)
Resiko/”Risk” : Konsekuensi/“Severity” x Kemungkinan/”Likehood”
13
BAHAYA VS RESIKO
Hazard
versus
Risk
15
“Tingkat manajer bertindak sebagai pemimpin dalam penerapan SMK3 dimana aktivitas
mereka terdapat bahaya potensial”
Tanggung Jawab Manajemen
“Organisasi perlu suatu struktur sistematis dalam mengelola bahaya potensial dari tahap
perencanaan desain sampai tahap pengendalian operasional, hingga tanggap darurat ”
Tanggung Jawab Manajemen
“Partisipasi dan pemahaman dari seluruh tingkat dan fungsi manajemen merupakan hal yang
dipersyaratkan”
Tanggung Jawab Manajemen
“Tidak efektif bila satu bagian organisasi menghasilkan lebih banyak risiko dimana pada saat
bersamaan bagian tertentu bertanggung jawab dan melakukan pengelolaan terhadap risiko
tersebut”
HUBUNGAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO
dan SMK3
SARANA/TEHNIS
ASPEK MANUSIA SMK3 • HIRADC
• Kepedulian • Engineering
• Pelatihan • Inspeksi
• Komunikasi • Kalibrasi
• Konsultasi • Pengendalian
• Kompetensi Operasi
MANAJEMEN
RISIKO
PROSES/OPERASI
• HIRADC
SISTEM/
• Pengendalian
PROSEDUR
Operasi
• Dokumentasi
• Keselamatan
• Data Kontrol
Operasi
• Pengukuran OHSMS • Tanggap Darurat
• Audit
• Tinjauan Ulang Manajemen
TUJUAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO
RISK MANAGEMENT
Memerlukan :
1. Penilaian RISIKO di setiap aktivitas kerja (Risk Assessment);
2. Pengendalian dan pemantauan RISIKO (Risk Control and
Monitoring);
3. Mengkomunikasikan ad.1 dan ad.2 kepada pekerja dan orang
lain yang terlibat
(Risk Communication);
INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT
OHS RISK
REGULATORY MARKET
RISK RISK
INTEGRATED
RISK
MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL PROJECT
RISK RISK
OPERATION
RISK
STEPS IN CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENT
1. Preparation
2. Hazards Identification
3. Risk Evaluation
4. Risk Control
5. Record Keeping
6. Implementation, Monitoring and Review
1. Persiapan
PEMBENTUKAN TEAM
Risk assessment :
– Tidak pernah dilakukan oleh satu orang;
– Dilakukan oleh multi disciplinary team yang
memiliki pengetahuan dan pengalaman terhadap
pekerjaan yang dilakukan;
PEMBENTUKAN TEAM
• Anggota team termasuk :
– Management staff,
– Process atau facility engineers,
– Technical personnel,
– Supervisors,
– Production operator,
– Maintenance staff,
– Safety personnel
• Incident Data
Increasing Level of Effort Required • Checklist Analysis
• Brainstorming
• Job Safety Analysis
• What if
• Guideword Analysis
• Hazard and Operability Study
• Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
• Task Analysis
• Event Tree
• Fault Tree
• etc
Tipe “Hazards”
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Ergonomic
Physical Hazards
• Noise/Kebisingan
• Vibration/getaran
• Radiasi (ionizing or non-ionizing)
• Temperatur (tinggi atau rendah)
• Tekanan, Viskositas, Ketinggian
Physical Hazards
Route: Airborne,Bloodborne,Contact,Fecal-oral,Foodborne,
Animal-borne,Insect-borne
Biological wastes (blood, fluids, etc)
Drugs (antibiotics, marijuana)
Genetically-engineered materials
Viruses, bacteria
Fungi, molds
Parasites, insects
Poisonous or diseased plants, animals
Ergonomic Hazards
Physical
Environmental
Psycho-Social
Ergonomic Hazards
Physical
• Poor work, task design
• Repetitive motion
• Prolonged sitting
• Poor layout
• Poor posture, excessive bending
• Improper lifting and handling, overload
• Poorly designed tools and equipment
Ergonomic Hazards
Environmental
Work-rest cycles
Violence, discrimination
Extraneous stress
Uneven workload
Lack of personal space, privacy
Poor inter-staff relationships
Negative company culture
Monotonous, repetitive work
Hazards to Equipment
Examples of Critical Parts
Lifting cables or lifting gear
Aircraft propulsion system
Control cables
Rail tracks
Ship's hull
Solar panels
Structural components
Process piping
Pressure vessels
3. PENILAIAN RISIKO
(RISK ASSESSMENT)
TUJUAN PENILAIAN RISIKO
2. IDENTIFY HAZARDS
3. DETERMINE RISK
1. Identifikasi bahaya
2. Tentukan siapa yang mungkin
terkena bahaya dan bagaimana
caranya
Assess risk
dua jenis:
kuantitatif
Kualitatif
Mengevaluasi Resiko :
Keparahan vs Frekuensi
Methode Risk Assessment
TETAPKAN KONSEKUENSI DAN KEMUNGKINAN
KEJADIAN
R = f (C, F)
R = Risk
C = Consequently
F = Frequency
ACTION TO REDUCE OR CONTROL
LIKELIHOOD
1. Audit and compliance 5. Preventive maintenance
program 6. Structured training and other
2. Contract conditions programms
3. Formal review of 7. Supervision
requirements, 8. Testing
specifications, design, 9. Technical control
engineering and operations
10. Research and development,
4. Inspection and process technological development
control
PROCEDURE TO
REDUCE OR CONTROL CONSEQUENCES
1. Contingency plan 5. Disaster recovery plan
2. Contractual 6. Engineering and
arrangement Structural barrier
3. Contract condition 7. Minimizing exposure to
4. Design features sources of risk
8. Separation or relocation
of an activity and
resources
RISK
PROBABILITY/
SEVERITY LIKELIHOOD
• Catastrophic
• Prequent
• Critical
• Probable
• Marginal
• Occasional
• Negligible
• Remote
• Improbable
HAZARD SEVERITY
CLASSIFICATION
DESCRIPTION CATEGORY MISHAP DEFINITION
E D C B A
S IV 1 1 2 2 2
E
V
E III 1 2 3 3 3
R
I
T II 2 2 3 4 4
Y
I 3 3 4 4 5
MATRIX LEVEL OF RISK
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
ACCIDENT ACCIDENT
PROBABILITIES CONSEQUENCES
ESTIMATION ESTIMATION
RISK
DETERMINATION
NO
RISK MODIFY
ACCEPTANCES SYSTEM
YES
OPERATE
SYSTEM
ACCEPTABLE RISK
SAFE DESIGN
ELIMINATION
SUBSTITUTION
Level of Protection
ENGINEERING
CONTROL
Reliability
ADMINISTRATIVE
SAFE WORKER
CONTROL
PPE
Lowest Least
HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL
Long Most
Term ELIMINATION Preferred
SUBSTITUTION
ENGINEERING
CONTROL
ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL
PPE
Short Least
Term Preferred
HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL
Consider First
•Elimination
Manages the Risk •Substitution
•Engineering
•Administration
Manages the People
•PPE
Consider Last
HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL
Most ELIMINATION
Effective If not possible
SUBSTITUTION
If not possible
ENGINEERING
If not possible
ADMINISTRATION
If not possible
Least
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Effective
IMPLEMENTING
THE HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
Process Example
Person
Hazard
(Energy Source)
Energy Path
Example : Noise
• Use bolts instead of rivets • Acoustic hood • Job Rotation
• Or buy a quieter machine • Vibration isolators • Earplugs
• Distance • Earmuffs
IMPLEMENTING
THE HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
ELIMINATION
• Good engineering design
• Pneumatic mechanical lifting
• Supplier handling
• The most Effective Method
• Usually dificult to achieve in practice
SUBSITUTION
ENGINEERING CONTROL
• Close Potential hazard
• Isolation; eg.: welding, chemical stores
• Enclosure; eg. : noise, guarding
ENGINEERING CONTROL
ISOLATION
isolate’ hazardous job / area / time
e.g. dust isolated area
ENGINEERING CONTROL
VENTILATION
prevent workplace from heat, cold, dry,
wet prevent workplace from air
contamination Ventilation should combine
with other control method
e.g. use of flexible piping on welding fumes
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
• Housekeeping ( 5S/5R )
• Maintenance
• Job design
• Training
• Safety sign
• SOP
• Working Instruction
PPE
• Safety belt
• Safety harnesses
• Safety glove
• Safety shoes
• Safety helm
• etc
Selection of Control
As low as reasonable and practicable
(ALARP)
Effectively reduces the probability or
severity of accidents
Cost little to implement or comply and
maintain
Low Cost/Benefit(Risk reduction)
ratio
Low probability of failure or non-
compliance
Technological options, Legal and
other requirements, Business, Views
of interested parties, risk
TOLERABILITY LEVELS
Cost of Risk Reduction
Risk
Level
Not acceptable