Ketentuan-ketentuan dalam perancangan kapal khususnya untuk

kapal dagang :
Payload (cargo atau passenger capacity)

Kecepatan kapal dan endurance

Batasan ukuran kapal

Metode bongkar muat dan kapasitas

Jumlah ruang muat tangki-tangki atau ruang muat lainnya untuk

balanced service
Crew atau ketetuan kemampuan SDM/ tingkat otomasi/ ABK

Hotel Requirement seperti pemanas, ventilasi, AC, dapur, public

space, power dan penerangan

Ketentuan khusus untuk navigasi dan komunikasi

Kemampuan olah gerak (stering, handling dan mooring) keandalan

dan pendukung logistik

 PROSEDUR PERENCANAAN KAPAL
TAHAPAN PROSES PRA-PERENCANAAN
1. BASIC DESIGN
* CONCEPT DESIGN
* PRELIMINARY DESIGN
2. CONTRACT DESIGN
3. DETAIL DESIGN
BASIC DESIGN
 BASIC DESIGN
CONCEPT DESIGN
MENTERJEMAHKAN GENERAL REQUIREMENT KEDALAM PARAMETER DASAR
PERENCANAAN KAPAL
PERLUNYA FEASIBILITY STUDY

PRELIMINARY DESIGN
PEMERIKSAAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN BIAYA
Tahap ini memerlukan analisa yang lebih detail, oleh karena itu membutuhkan
tenaga enginer yang lebih dan membutuhkan perancangan yang lebih daripada
conceptual design.
Melakukan trade of study untuk mengevaluasi keuntungan relatif dari
bermacam-macam alternatife system kapal.
Beberapa aspek perancangan kapal masih tetap tentative selama tahap ini.
Perancangan kapal dikembangkan untuk menjamin bahwa secara teknis masuk
akal dan dapat memenuhi semua ketentuan perancagan kapal.
selama basic design karakteristik kapal pada umumnya dinyatakan pada
penyelesaian tahap preliminary design, parameter perancangan dan
performance tidak dikembangkan secara detail.

SCOPE OF BASIC DESIGN

ESTIMASI : DISPLACEMENT, MAIN DIMENSION, LINESPLAN, POWER CALCULATION,
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT, STABILITAS, STRUCTURE, WEIGHT CALCULATION, COST
 CONTRACT DESIGN
DOKUMEN KONTRAK PEMBANGUNAN
EVALUASI DISERTAI DENGAN PENGUJIAN
DETAIL BERAT & TITIK BERAT, GENERAL ARRANGEMENT,
SPESIFIKASI STANDAR KUALITAS, METODE PENGUJIAN

SCOPE OF CONTRACT DESIGN

HULL SECTION
LINES PLAN, STABILITAS, GENERAL ARRANGEMENT, DETAIL KONSTRUKSI
& KEKUATAN MEMANJANG, CAPACITY PLAN

MACHINERY SECTION
HEAT BALANCE, LAY OUT MACHINERY ROOM, MACHINERY SYSTEM PLAN
DIAGRAM, HULL PIPING SYSTEM, VENTILATION, AC, PROPELLER

ELECTRICAL SECTION
POWER & LIGHTING SYSTEM, GENERAL LOAD ANALYSIS, WIRING
DIAGRAM, DETAIL OF ELECTRICAL SPESIFICATION
 CONTRACT DESIGN

Pada tahap ini dikembangkan perancangan kapal yang

cukup detail sehingga pihak galangan mengerti dengan
jelas ciri-ciri penting kapal dan mengestimasi dengan
akurat biaya pembangunan kapal (dengan
memperhatikan ketentuan biro klasifikasi dan peraturan
pemerintah)

Contrak design menghasilkan contract spesification dan

gambar, hasil dari model test, list of machinery dan
contract weight estimate.

Spesifikasi kapal menguraikan kerja yang harus

dilakukan, performance yang diharapkan dan menyatakan
standar perancangan, construction, material dan work
man ship.
 DETAIL DESIGN
WORKING / YARD PLAN
PERINTAH / INSTRUKSI KERJA
CUTTER, WELDER, OUT FITTER, MACHINERY FENDOR

SCOPE OF DETAIL DESIGN

FAIRING THE LINES
PLATING MODEL
PERCOBAAN MODEL ( PROPELLER, TAHANAN)
DETAIL WEIGHT CALCULATION
LAUNCHING CALCULATION
URUT-URUTAN TEST (SEA TRIAL)
PETUNJUK OPERASI PERLENGKAPAN KAPAL (SAFETY
EQUIPMENT)
Marine engineer umumnya sebagai penanggung jawab dalam menterjemahkan
ship design requirement yang luas tersebut kedalam ketentuan khusus untuk
bermacam-macam sistem yang ada dikapal.
Ketentuan tersebut menjadikan pola sebagai berikut :

Main Propulsion System

Type and number of propulsor
Shaft power
Propeller diameter and speed
Type of propulsion plan
Automation objectives
Fuel consumption objectives
Noise objectives
Spaces and weight objectives

Auxiliary Ship System

Electric plan
Tream
Feul handling and treatment
Lubricating oil
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Pollution control
Seawater
Fresh water
Ketentuan tersebut menjadikan pola sebagai berikut :

Hull Machinery System

Steering gear
Bow or stern thrusters
Ancor handling
Mooring
Ship Stabilization

Cargo System
Tanker system, such as cargo and ballast piping and pumps, tank cleaning provisions,
and inert-gas provisions
Cargo handling

Naval-Ship Combat Support-Systems

Weapon elevators
Airaft elevators
Airaft catapults
Torpedo handling
Underway replenishment
Ketentuan tersebut menjadikan pola sebagai berikut :

Military Electronics
Command and control
Weapon director
Tactical data
Electronic countermeasures

Communication and Navigation System

Interior communication
Exterior communication
Navigation
 FLOWCHART MANUAL DESIGN
PERFORMANCE
START A HIDROSTATIC TERPENUHI

DESIGN CONDITION
FRAME SYSTEM

PRINCIPAL DIEMSION (ESTIMATION)

LINES PLAN

SPEED POWER PREDICTION

DRAFT MEMENUHI SYARAT

KECEPATAN TERCAPAI ?

FREEBOARD CALCULATION
LIGHT WEIGHT ESTIMATION

DEAD WEIGHT ESTIMATION DISPL = LWT + DWT ?

 FLOWCHART MANUAL DESIGN
PERFORMANCE
B
G/A
A
PERHITUNGAN TERPENUHI ?

WATER TIGHT BHD

TRIM, STABILITY & LONG STRENGTH

FLOODABLE LENGTH CALCULATION

LIGHT WEIGHT CALC & DISTRIB
C
PERHITUNGAN TERPENUHI CROSS CURVE OF STABILITY CALC

CAPACITY PLAN / TANK PERHITUNGAN SESUAI

KAPASITAS TERPENUHI TONAGE CALCULATION

 FLOWCHART MANUAL DESIGN
PERFORMANCE

PERLU PERHIT PELUNCURAN ?

LAUNCHING CALCULATION

INCLINING TEST
STOP

MEMPENGARUHI PERHIT SEBELUMNYA PENYUSUNAN LOADING MANUAL

 GENERAL REQUIREMENT
1. OWNER REQUIREMENT
# KECEPATAN
# DWT KAPAL
# RUTE PELAYARAN, DLL.

2. CLASS REQUIREMENT
# SUB DIVISION
# CONSTRUCTION
# MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION
# SURVEY

3. GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENT
# TAX
# WORKING

4. IMO, ASSURANCE, SYAHBANDAR

# KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN
# PENCEGAHAN PENCEMARAN LAUT
DISTRIBUSI GAMBAR KERJA DI PT. PAL

SHIP PERFORMANCE

KEY PLAN OWNER

YARD PLAN CLASS

PRODUCTION DRAWING ELECTRICAL OUTFITTING

MACHINERY OUTFITTING ACCOMODATION DIVISION / QA

BENGKEL BENGKEL BENGKEL

 DISTRIBUSI GAMBAR KERJA DI PT. PAL

1. SHIP PERFORMANCE

2. KEYPLAN

3. YARDPLAN

4. GAMBAR KERJA ( PD, MO, EO & QA )

 SHIP PERFORMANCE

1. LINESPLAN + DATA OFFSET

2. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
3. INNER CONTOUR
4. TANK CONDITION
5. STABILITAS
6. FREEBOARD CALCULATION
7. LIGHT WEIGHT ESTIMATION
 KEY PLAN

1. MIDSHIP SECTION
2. STEEL PLAN
3. TRANSVERSAL BULKHEAD
4. SHELL EXPANTION
5. BLOCK DIVISION
6. MATERIAL ESTIMATION
7. DOCKING PLAN
8. X-RAY PLAN / POSITION
 YARD PLAN

1. FORE CONSTRUCTION
2. CARGO HOLD CONSTRUCTION
# CARGO HOLD FORE CONSTRUCTION
# CARGO HOLD MIDDLE CONSTRUCTION
# CARGO HOLD AFT CONSTRUCTION
3. E/R CONSTRUCTION
# DOUBLE BOTTOM IN E/R CONSTRUCTION
# SIDE SHELL IN E/R CONSTRUCTION
4. AFT CONSTRUCTION
5. ACCOMODATION CONSTRUCTION
6. RUDDER CONSTRUCTION
7. LIGHT WEIGHT CALCULATION
 PRODUCTION DRAWING

1. WORKING DRAWING
2. MATERIAL LIST
3. MARKING LIST
4. PIECE DRAWING
5. NESTING PLAN
6. STEEL LIST
7. JIG INFORMATION
8. BENDING TEMPLATE
# RAMBU BENDING
# INVERS BENDING
 CONTRACT DESIGN
STANDARD CONTRACT :
1. AWES : ASSOCIATION OF WEST EUROPEAN
SHIPBUILDERS
2. MARAD : MARITIME ADMINSTRATION USA
3. SAJ : SHIPOWNERS ASSOCIATION OF
JAPAN
 DESCRIPTION OF AWES

1. SUBJECT OF CONTRACT
2. INSPECTION & APPROVAL
3. MODIFICATIONS
4. TRIALS
5. GUARANTEE
6. DELIVERY
7. PRICE
8. PROPERTY
9. INSURANCE
10. DEFAULT BY THE CONTRACTOR
11. GUARANTEE AFTER DELIVERY
12. CONTRACT EXPENSES
13. PATENTS
14. REFERENCE TO EXPERT & ARBITRATION
15. CONDITION FOR CONTRACT
16. LEGAL DOMICILE ( OF PURCHASER )
17. ASSIGMNET
 SHIP CONTRACT

JENIS PEMBAYARAN :
1. 10 % : SIGNING CONTRACT
2. 10 % : ARRIVAL OF MATERIALS ON SITE
3. 10 % : KEEL LAYING
4. 20 % : LAUNCHING
5. 50 % : DELIVERY
PROSES PERENCANAAN
(SPIRAL DESIGN)

GENERAL
REQUIREMENT
MAIN COST
DIMENSION ESTIMATION

LINES
STABILITY
PLAN

HIDRO DETAIL
CAPACITIES
STATIC DESIGN

FREEBOARD & WEIGHT

SUB DIVISION ESTIMATION

GENERAL
POWERING
ARRAGEMENT
CON
STRUCTION