Sendi
Disebut sebagai articulatio
Fungsi :
Menghubungkan :
tulang dengan tulang
Tulang dengan kartilago
Pergerakan
Dapat dibedakan berdasarkan :
Klasifikasi Fungsional: sinarthrosis, amphiarthrosis dan
diarthrosis
Klasifikasi struktural: fibrosa, kartilaginosa dan sendi
sinovial.
Klasifikasi sendi
Klasifikasi fungsional : berdasarkan arah pergerakan
atau range of motion (ROM)
Synarthrosis : sendi yang tidak bergerak (immovable
joint)
Amphiarthrosis : sendi yang memungkinkan sedikit
pergerakan (slightly movable)
Diarthrosis : sendi yang dapat bergerak bebas (freely
movable)
Klasifikasi struktural : berdasarkan jarak antara tulang
yang dihubungkan dan bahan pembentuk sendi
Sendi fibrosa : sendi yang dihubungkan oleh jaringan
fibrosa, tidak terdapat rongga sendi. Contoh : sutura,
syndesmosis dan gomphosis
Sendi kartilaginosa: sendi yang dihubungkan oleh
tulang rawan, tidak terdapat rongga sendi. Contoh :
synchondrosis dan symphysis
Sendi sinovial : sendi yang memiliki rongga sendi
Klasifikasi berdasarkan fungsional dan struktural
Kategori Kategori struktur deskripsi contoh
fungsi
Synarthrosis Fibrosa
Kartilaginosa
Amphiarthro Fibrosa
sis
Cartilaginosa
9-18
Types of Synovial Joints Based on
Shape
Figure 5.29a–c
9-19
Types of Synovial Joints Based on
Shape
Figure 5.29d–f
9-20
CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
HINGE JOINT FLEXION AND EXTENSION ONLY DOOR HINGE HUMEROULNAR JOINT
INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT TRIPLANAR MOTION SPHERICAL CONVEX SURFACE PAIRED GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
FLEXION-EXTENSION WITH A CONCAVE UP COXOFEMORAL (HIP) JOINT
ABDUCTION-ADDUCTION
ROTATION
SADDLE JOINT BIPLANAR MOTION EACH MEMBER HAS A RECIPROCALLY CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT
CURVED CONCAVE AND CONVEX OF THE THUMB
SURFACE ORIENTED AT RIGHT ANGLES STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
TO ONE ANOTHER, LIKE A HORSE
RIDER AND SADDLE
CONDYLOID JOINT BIPLANAR MOTION LIKE A KNUCKLE; PAIRED WITH A METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT
FLEXION AND EXTENSION THAT IS ENLARGED IN ONE DIMENSION TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT
ABDUCTION AND ADDUCTION LIKE A KNUCKLE; PAIRED WITH A
FLEXION AND EXTENSION AND SHALLOW CONCAVE CUP
AXIAL ROTATION (INTERNAL
AND EXTERNAL ROTATION)
CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
PRIMARY ANGULAR MOTIONS MECHANICAL ANALOG ANATOMIC EXAMPLES
BALL AND
SOCKET SPHERICAL CONVEX GLENOHUMERAL
JOINT TRIPLANAR MOTION SURFACE PAIRED JOINT
COXOFEMORAL
FLEXION-EXTENSION WITH A CONCAVE UP (HIP) JOINT
ABDUCTION-
ADDUCTION
ROTATION
CONDYLOID METACARPOPHALANGEAL
JOINT BIPLANAR MOTION LIKE A KNUCKLE; PAIRED WITH A JOINT
THAT IS ENLARGED IN ONE
FLEXION AND EXTENSION DIMENSION TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT
ABDUCTION AND
ADDUCTION LIKE A KNUCKLE; PAIRED WITH A
FLEXION AND EXTENSION
AND SHALLOW CONCAVE CUP
AXIAL ROTATION (INTERNAL
AND EXTERNAL ROTATION)
Gliding Joints/ sendi plana
9-25
Hinge Joints
One bone with convex surface
that fits into a concave
depression on other bone
ulna and humerus at elbow
joint
femur and tibia at knee joint
finger and toe joints
Monoaxial joint
9-26
Ball-and-Socket Joints
Multiaxial joint
9-27
Pivot Joints
9-28
Condyloid (ellipsoid) Joints
Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly
shaped depression on the next
radiocarpal joint of the wrist
metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of the fingers
Biaxial joints
9-29
Saddle Joints
9-30
Persendian pada tulang vertebra
Ada dua jenis persendian :
Persendian pada processus articularis disebut
articulatio zygapophysial (facet) merupakan sendi
plana.
Persendian antara corpus vertebra discus
intervertebralis
Persendian pada vertebra
Discus intervertebralis
Terdiri dari :
Anulus fibrosus lapisan luar merupakan jaringan
kartilago fibrosa yang kuat
Nucleus pulposus cairan gelatinosa yang lunak dan
elastis, berada di dalam anulus fibrosus, fungsi sebagai
peredam tekanan dan elastisitas dari discus
Discs