AgCl Ag+ + Cl–
Konstanta kesetimbangan dapat dituliskan
[Ag +] [Cl–]
K = ____________
[AgCl]
Karena [AgCl] konstant maka didapa Ksp, konstanta hasil kali kelarutan
Maka
Ksp = [Ag+] [Cl–]
MENGHITUNG KSP
Persamaan Reaksi :
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Reaksi ionnya :
H+ + OH- → H2O
pH Awal HCl
HCl H+ + Cl-
Mol H+ = Mol HCl = 5 mmol
MH+ = 0,1 M
pH = -log[H+]
pH = 1
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Awal 5 2
Reaksi 2 2 2
Setimbang 3 0 0
Aplikasi paling penting dalam reaksi asam basa yang mengandung ion adalah
untuk tujuan buffering
Larutan buffer merupakan suatu larutan yang mampu menjaga stabilitas kondisi
pH pada saat ada penambahan ion hidroksida ataupun proton kedalam larutan
Larutan buffer biasanya mengandung asam lemah atau basa lemah dan garam.
Contoh NaF dan HF, NH3 dan NH4Cl.
SOAL
A buffered solution contains 0,5 M acetic acid (CH3COOH) and
0,5 M sodium acetate (CH3COONa). Calculate the pH of this
solution. Ka CH3COOH = 1,8 x 10-5
CH3COONa CH3COO- + Na+
Mol CH3COO- = 0,5 mol
Ka = [CH3COO-][H+]/[CH3COOH]
1,75 x 10-5 = x2/[0,1-x]
1,75 x 10-5 = x2/0,1
X = √ 1,75 x 10-6 = 1,32 x 10-3
[H+] = 1,32 x 10-3
pH = 2,88
PH SETELAH PENAMBAHAN NAOH
NaOH Na+ + -OH
Mol –OH = 1 mmol
CH3COOH + -OH CH3COO- + H2O
awal 5 mmol 1 mmol
Reaksi 1 1 1
Setimbang 4 - 1 mmol
Volume total larutan = 60 mL
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
Awal 0,0667 0,0167
Disosiasi x x x
Setimbang 0,0667 – x 0,0167 + x x
Ka = [CH3COO-][H+]/[CH3COOH]
1,75 x 10-5 = [0,0167+x][x]/[0,0667-x]
1,75 x 10-5 = 0,0167 [x]/0,0667
X = 1,75 x 10-5 x 0,0667/0,0167
X = 6,98 x 10-5
[H+] = 6,98 x 10-5
pH = 5 – log 6,98 = 4,155
PERUBAHAN PH PADA LARUTAN BUFFER
Calculate the change in pH that occurs when 0.01 mol solid NaOH is added
to 1.0 L of the buffered solution CH3COOH 0,5 M. Compare this pH change
with that which occurs when 0.01 mol solid NaOH is added to 1.0 L of water.
NaOH Na+ + -OH
Mol -OH = 0,01 mol