• 2 GINJAL
• 2 URETER
• 1 VESICA URINARIA
• 1 URETRA
• Ginjal dan ureter merupakan struktur
retroperitoneal.
• VU dan uretra merupakan struktur
infraperitoneal.
• Ginjal terletak pada ke-2 sisi kolumna
vertebralis di bagian posterior kavum
abdomen.
Kidneys
• Ginjal terletak pada ke-dua sisi kolumna
vertebralis pada posterior kavum
abdomen.
• Ginjal kanan terletak posterior dibawah
hepar, dan ginjal kiri terletak posterior
dibawah lien.
• Ukuran rata-rata ginjal adalah kecil,
dengan berat 150 gr, dengan ukuran
panjang 4-5 inch, lebar 2-3 inch, dan
tebal 1 inch.
• Ginjal kiri normalnya terletak 1 cm
superior dibandingkan ginjal kanan.
• Puncak ginjal kiri terletak pada level
intercostal T 11 – T 12 .
Ureter
• Ureter terletak diposterior dam anterior
terhadap ginjal.
• Ureter mengikuti kelengkungan kolumna
vertebra.
• Masing –masing ureter awalnya
melengkung ke-depan, mengikuti
lengkungan lordosis lumbal, dan
kemudian melengkung ke belakang
memasuki pelvis. Setelah memasuki
pelvis, masing – masing ureter mengikuti
kelengkungan sacrokoksigeus sebelum
memasuki aspek posterolateral VU.
Ureters mempunyai 3
penyempitan :
• Uteropelvic junction
• Brim of the pelvis
• Uterovesical junction
Urethra
• Uretra menghubungkan VU ke dunia luar.
From collecting
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Vesica urinary
Urethra
Reflek mikturisi
• Pengeluaran urin dari VU disebut :
mikturisi.
• Mikturisi terjadi melalui sebuah
kombinasi kontraksi otot volunter dan
involunter.
• Kapasitas VU rerata 700-800 ml
• Pusat mikturisi adalah sacral spinal cord
segment S2 and S3
• Nerv Parasimpatis merangsang kontraksi
dinding VU dan relaksasi spinchter uretra
internus dan pusat mikturisi menghambat
neuron motor somatis yang
mempersarafi spincter uretra eksternus.
Vesika urianaria
• is a hollow, muscular organ that functions as a
temporary storage reservoir for urine
• The dimensions of the urinary bladder vary with the state
of distension, but the full urinary bladder can contain
about a liter of urine
• The wall of the urinary bladder contains mucosa,
submucosa, and muscularis layers
• The muscularis layer consists of inner and outer
longitudinal smooth muscle layers, with a circular layer
sandwiched between
• Contraction of this muscle compresses the urinary
bladder and expels its contents into the urethra.
• The urethral entrance lies at the apex of the
trigone, at the most inferior point in the urinary
bladder.
• The region surrounding the urethral opening,
known as the neck of the urinary bladder,
contains a muscular internal urethral
sphincter, or sphincter vesicae.
• The smooth muscle fibers of the internal urethral
sphincter provide involuntary control over the
discharge of urine from the urinary bladder.
Uretra
• The urethra extends from the neck of the urinary bladder
to the exterior.
• The urethrae of males and females differ in length and in
function.
• In males, the urethra extends from the neck of the
urinary bladder to the tip of the penis, a distance that
may be 18–20 cm
• In both genders, as the urethra passes through the
urogenital diaphragm, a circular band of skeletal muscle
forms the external urethral sphincter.
• This muscular band acts as a valve. The external
urethral sphincter is under voluntary control, via the
perineal branch of the pudendal nerve.
• This sphincter has a resting muscle tone and must be
voluntarily relaxed to permit micturition.