MANUSIA : XY ♂ YY ♀
AYAM MEMILIKI 39
PASANG KROMOSOM; AYAM : ZZ ♂ ZW ♀
Istilah dalam
Breeding
Istilah dalam breeding
Ekstensif Breeding : - tanpa adanya campur tangan manusia
- mewariskan sifat-sifat kualitatif
↓
F1 ♂ rose >< ♀ rose
Genotipe Rr Rr
Gamet R r R r
↓
F2
Genotipe RR Rr Rr rr
rose rose rose tunggal
Sifat Kuantitatif :
♂ x ♀ ♂ x ♀ ♂ x ♀ ♂ x ♀
A A B B C C D D
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
GPS → A B C D
Galur murni terseleksi
PS → AB ♂ CD ♀
(two – way cross)
bB b–
Parameter dalam
Breeding
Tipe Petelur Tipe Pedaging
Tingkat produksi telur Laju pertumbuhan
Tebal kerabang Kecepatan pertumbuhan
bulu
Efisiensi penggunaan Efisiensi penggunaan
ransum ransum
Kualitas albumen Tahan terhadap penyakit
Bobot telur Kaki harus kokoh dan kuat
Lama bertelur Warna bulu dan kulit
Umur mencapai produksi
50%
Silhouettes of different utility types of hens
PEMBIBITAN KOMERSIL
Ada pejantan Hanya betina
Petelur : Petelur :
Starter ( 0 – 6 minggu) Starter
Grower (6 – 14 minggu) Grower
Developer (14-18 minggu) Developer
Layer (> 18 minggu) Layer
Jantan
Telur Tetas Telur Konsumsi
Betina
Pedaging Pedaging
Starter ( 0 – 6 minggu) Starter (0 – 2 minggu)
Grower (6 – 14 minggu) Finisher (2 – 6 minggu)
Developer (14-18 minggu)
Layer (> 18 minggu) Jantan dan Betina
Jantan
Telur Tetas Ayam Pedaging
Betina
Different Breeding and Selection Technologies
in Breeding Companies
Decade of
Technique
Introduction
(Approx.)
Mass selection 1900
Trapnesting 1930
Hybridization 1940
Pedigreeing 1940
Artificial insemination 1960
Osborne index 1960
Family feed conversion 1970
testing
Selection index 1980
Individual feed 1980
conversion testing
BLUP breeding value 1990
estimation
DNA markers 2000
Source :
Thiruvenkadan A, Prabakaran R. Recent Approaches in Poultry Breeding. Appro Poult Dairy & Vet Sci. 2(2).
APDV.000533. 2017
Cross breeding or hybridisation scheme
of commercial laying hens
Sex selection in layer chickens
Differentiating between males and females pre-hatch, by
adding a biological marker to the sex chromosome. The
process uses a gene that marks only the chromosome that
says “become male”, resulting in only the male chickens
being marked and the females not.
(Source : Tim Doran (2016), Sex selection in layer chickens, Australian Animal Health
Laboratory, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Melbourne, Australia)
Global Trend on Breeding Goals
Source :
Thiruvenkadan A, Prabakaran R. Recent Approaches in Poultry Breeding. Appro Poult Dairy & Vet Sci. 2(2). APDV.000533. 2017
Broiler Performance from 1925 to 2016
Market Age Market Feed to Meat Gain
Yea Mortality
(Average weight (Live (Pounds of Feed/One
r (%)
Days Weight in Pound of Live
) Pounds) Weight)
192 112 2.50 4.70 18.
5 0
193 98 2.86 4.40 14.
5 0
194 84 3.03 4.00 10.
5 0
195 70 3.07 3.00 7.0
5
196 63 3.48 2.40 6.0
5
197 56 3.76 2.10 5.0
5
198 49 4.19 2.00 5.0
5
199 47 4.67 1.95 5.0
Source5:
200 48 5.37 1.95
Thiruvenkadan A, Prabakaran R. Recent Approaches in Poultry Breeding. Appro Poult Dairy & Vet Sci. 2(2). APDV.000533. 2017
4.0
5
201 47 5.7 1.92 4.0
0
201 47 5.95 1.90 3.7