ACS Pembelajaran
ACS Pembelajaran
CORONARY
SYNDROME
OUTLINE
▪ DEFINISI
▪ FAKTOR RESIKO
▪ ALGORITMA ACS
▪ DIAGNOSA
▪ PATOFISIOLOGI
▪ STRATIFIKASI RISIKO
▪ MANAGEMENT THERAPY
DEFINISI ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS)
Terminologi yang digunakan untuk kondisi di mana pasien menunjukkan gejala iskemi/
infark myocardial yang disebabkan penurunan aliran darah coroner secara tiba-tiba
Unstable Angina
2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes A Report of the
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guideline
FAKTOR RESIKO ACS
▪ Merokok
▪ Minuman beralkohol
▪ Hipertensi
▪ Dislipidemia
▪ Diabetes
▪ Riwayat keluarga mengidap CAD & Diabetes
▪ Penggunaan Kokain
Collet, JP., et al., 2020, ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation, European Heart Journal,
Volume 00
DIAGNOSA ACS
EKG
Perubahan nilai ST pada EKG (depression – elevation)
Biomarker
HS-Trop T & CK-MB
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat
PATOFISIOLOGIS ACS
Atherosclerosis
Crea, F., Libby, P., 2017, Acute Coronary Syndromes The Way Forward From Mechanisms to Precision Treatment, Circulation, Volume 136, p. 1155-1166
Stratifikasi Resiko ACS
TIMI
GRACE
CRUSADE
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat
MANAJEMEN TERAPI STEMI
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat
MANAJEMEN TERAPI STEMI
(TERAPI FIBRINOLITIK)
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat
Ibanez, B., et al., 2017, ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation, European Heart Journal, Volume 38
MANAJEMEN TERAPI STEMI
(ANTI KOAGULAN-PLATELET)
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat
MANAJEMEN TERAPI STEMI/ NSTEMI/ UAP
▪ Oksigen
▪ Anti-platelet
▪ Anti-koagulan
▪ Beta-blocker
▪ ACE-Inhibitor
▪ CCB
▪ Statin
▪ PPI
▪ Nitrit
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat
Ibanez, B., et al., 2017, ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation, European Heart Journal, Volume 38
ANTI PLATELET
Warner T.D., Nylander S., Whatling C., 2011, Anti-platelet therapy: cyclo-oxygenase inhibition and the use of aspirin with particular regard to dual anti-platelet therapy, British Journal
of Pharmacology, Volume 72:4, hal 619-633
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat, hal 29
ANTI KOAGULANT
Yau, J.W., Stafford, A.R., et al., 2011, Mechanism of catheter thrombosis: comparison of the antithrombotic activities of fondaparinux, enoxaparin, and heparin in vitro and in vivo,
Blood, Volume 118, Number 25, page 6668-6674
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat, hal 29
BETA BLOCKER
• Mengurangi demand oksigen pada miokardial dengan cara : negative inotropic, ↓ HR, ↓ BP
▪ Penggunaan β-blockers IV pada px dengan hemodinamik tidak stabil perlu diperhatikan
▪ β-blockers PO dapat digunakan 48 jam setelah kejadian STEMI
▪ Gunakan dosis rendah, kemudian uptitrasi pada penggunaan PO
▪ Penggunaan β-blockers dalam jangka waktu panjang strongly recommended
Buodonas G E, 2010, β-Blockers in coronary artery disease management, Hippokratia, Vol. 14, 231-235
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat, hal 29
ACE INHIBITOR
Buodonas G E, 2010, β-Blockers in coronary artery disease management, Hippokratia, Vol. 14, 231-235
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat, hal 29
STATIN
Buodonas G E, 2010, β-Blockers in coronary artery disease management, Hippokratia, Vol. 14, 231-235
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat, hal 29
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
▪ Collet, JP., et al., 2020, ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients
presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation, European Heart Journal
▪ Buodonas G E, 2010, β-Blockers in coronary artery disease management, Hippokratia, Vol. 14, 231-235
▪ Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia, 2018, Pedoman Tata Laksana Sindrom
Koroner Akut, Edisi Keempat, hal 29
▪ Yau, J.W., Stafford, A.R., et al., 2011, Mechanism of catheter thrombosis: comparison of the
antithrombotic activities of fondaparinux, enoxaparin, and heparin in vitro and in vivo, Blood, Volume
118, Number 25, page 6668-6674
▪ Warner T.D., Nylander S., Whatling C., 2011, Anti-platelet therapy: cyclo-oxygenase inhibition and the
use of aspirin with particular regard to dual anti-platelet therapy, British Journal of Pharmacology,
Volume 72:4, hal 619-633
▪ Ibanez, B., et al., 2017, ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients
presenting with ST-segment elevation, European Heart Journal, Volume 38
Terima Kasih